公元10世纪冰岛埃尔加(Eldgjá)火山喷发对中国的古气候效应

本文通过搜寻公元10世纪冰岛埃尔加(Eldgjá)火山喷发前后(公元932～948年)各地气候冷暖变化的历史文献记录以及树轮记录，重点发掘并考订了中国的历史文献记录，对公元10世纪冰岛埃尔加火山喷发的气候效应，特别是对中国的气候效应进行了分析。综合中国、欧洲和中东以及日本等地的历史文献记录与树轮记录，发现埃尔加火山喷发后的气候变冷集中在公元934～935年和公元939～942年两个时期。公元934～935年的降温可能是欧洲和中东的区域性降温，公元939～942年的降温在全球范围有广泛表现。埃尔加火山喷发开始后直至公元938年，中国出现了区域性的气候变暖，变暖的峰值可能在公元934年。从现有历史文献证据分析，埃尔加火山喷发后中国的降温发生在公元939～942年。初步估计，公元939年到940年冬季(939年12月至940年2月)中国洛阳开封一带相对于公元933～938年的降温幅度可达5℃～8℃。我们对埃尔加火山喷发过程的考订印证了前人的推测：埃尔加火山在3～8年的喷发过程中，可能于公元934年和939年前后各出现一个喷发的高潮。     

白家疃地区地热观测分析

介绍了白家疃地区的水文地质概况。利用二阶差分法处理了白家疃地震台地热观测井7年的地热观测资料，在时间域中提取出较为可信的地震前兆信息。探讨了地热异常变化对地震发生的影响。     

土壤-植物-大气连续体（SPAC）系统中植物根系吸水模型研究进展

土壤植物系统是土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)中的一个重要子系统。植物根系吸水过程是SPAC系统中水分运移规律研究的重要内容。从影响根系吸收土壤水分的影响因素人手，现有根系吸水模型可分为经验模型、半经验半理论模型和理论模型3类。文章综述了自20世纪60年代初第一个单根吸水模型以来的植物根系吸水模型及其最新研究进展，指出未来研究的重点是注重根系吸水机理同时，修改和完善已有根系吸水模型，简化模型参数，使之更易应用于实际。     

Maximum Link Distance between Strike-slip Faults: Observations and Constraints

—The maximum fault link distance (lateral separation) between two interacting strike-slip faults is studied in relation to fault length (combined length of the two interacting faults). Data collected for laboratory generated strike-slip faults indicate that fault linkage takes place when the lateral separation between two strike-slip faults is less than one tenth of the combined length of the two faults. Strike-slip faults developed in clay models require a smaller link distance than those developed in gouge materials. About 98% of the data collected for natural strike-slip faults and 93% of earthquake rupture data derived from Knuepfer (1989) follow the rule. These observations support a simple scaling relationship for strike-slip faults, i.e.,W≤ 0.1 L where Wis lateral link distance and L the combined fault length (An and Sammis, 1996a). Two possible explanations are discussed. Assuming a fault continues to be dominantly strike-slip after various fault coalescences, the fault link distance for both compressional coalescence (leading to restraining bend) and extensional coalescence (leading to releasing bend) can be constrained within 0.134 L. Assuming fault coalescence is caused by interaction between breakdown zones at fault tips, then the scaling relationship b = 0.1 l between the size of a breakdown zone, b,and the individual fault length, l (Scholz et al.,1993), leads to the scaling relationship W _max = 0.1 L where W _max is the maximum link distance.¶The above observed relationship between W _max and L may not hold if faults coalesce through preexisting faults, if a fault has a mixed mode other than strike-slip, or if a fault bend is caused by cross faulting rather than fault coalescence. Limited exposure of natural fault traces may also lead to errors in link distance measurements.     

山西忻州市地震灾害损失预测

介绍了忻州市历史地震震害，给出了忻州市城区的房屋建筑，生命线工程震害预测结果，次生灾害分析预测结果，地震造成的经济损失和人员伤亡的预测方法和结果。     

正交异性岩体水力压裂应力测量原理和方法

本文根据岩体力学性质的各向异性，以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础，提出用水力压裂法测算水平方向两主应力大小和方向的原理及测量有关岩体弹性参数的方法。     

Research on amplitude spectrum of precursory electromagnetic radiation associated with the impending great earthquake of Gonghe in Qinghai Province

The high accuracy, automatic, digital MT measurement system with five electromagnetic components was firstly adopted by the author to the section MT monitor and measurement in the middle Qilian mountain in the Northwestern China, the more real precursory information of impending earthquake electromagnetic rediation of GongheM=7.0 earthquake (April, 1990) in Qinghai province was obtained by the system. The new complete quantification frequency analysis was firstly used in this paper in both time and space domains for the analysis of repeated measurement data at all sites. This paper concludes the precursory spectral characteristics of electromagnetic radiation before strong earthquake as following: 1. The spectra appears as the synchronous electric field interference type mainly of conduction current; 2. Narrow band (0.5 – 20s) of spectral period; 3. The singularity of amplitude (the pulse amplitudes of interference electric field is 10² times the normal values); 4. They show the directionality of preparing focus to some extent; 5. The intermittent of radiation (three peak periods appeared three days before the main shock). It is more significant that there existed a relative quiet period of about 48 hours between the peak period and the occurrence, observators can response quickly at observational sites and take it as one of the observational criterions for impending prediction. This paper also points out that the impending earthquake electromagnetic radiation obtained by the MT measurement system is mainly the conduction current, and the high-conductive layer existed commonly in the crust may serve as the better paths for the conduction current circuit and enables the far away MT measurement sites to receive it. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 186–193, 1993.     

地磁场模型的计算和评述

评述了计算地磁场区域模型的各种数学方法,如:利用多项式方法可以计算地磁场的Taylor多项式模型和Legendre多项式模型,利用球冠谐和分析方法可以计算出磁场的冠谐模型。本文指出了建立区域模型各种方法的优缺点,指出球冠谐和分析方法是计算地磁场三维模型的好方法。     

中国及邻近地区卫星总强度磁异常的三维结构

根据卫星磁异常（△Ｘ，△Ｙ，△Ｚ）的球冠谐和模型和地磁场的不谐模型，得到了卫星总强度磁异常（△Ｆ）的三维模型，计算出中国及邻近地区不同高度（ｈ＝０，１００，２００，３００，４００，５００ｋｍ）的卫星磁异常，绘制出相应高度的总强度磁异常分布图。讨论和分析了卫星总强度磁异常的分布特征，以及卫星磁异常随高度的变化。