湖北宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组探获页岩气

<正>1研究目的(Objective)中扬子中部黄陵隆起东南缘宜昌斜坡带在太古宙结晶基底之上,发育有元古宙至第四纪各时代地层,保存有埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组、寒武系水井沱组,奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组等多套黑色富有机质泥岩。区域构造稳定,地层产状平缓,页岩气地质条件优越,但页岩气的勘探一直未获突破。本文的目的旨在查明宜昌斜坡带寒武系水井沱组页岩的分布和含气性,确定页岩气储层特点,为区域页岩气的勘探开发提供基础资料。     

Recycled concrete aggregate coated with quaternary ammonium compounds for water disinfection

Growing demand for point-of-use water treatment including greywater recycling as well as appropriate disinfection without formation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) calls for new methods of efficient microbial control. In recent years, antimicrobial nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely studied as a potential alternative to traditional chlorine disinfection, yet concerns over their releases to environments and subsequent impacts have limited their use on a large scale. In this work, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) was proposed as a sustainable and environmentally friendly disinfecting substrate for water disinfection by coating with a composite of silica-quaternary ammonium compound (Fixed-Quat). Two different types (gel and particle) of Fixed-Quat were applied to RCA, and their adherence and antimicrobial activities were compared each other. When using E. Coli as a model bacterial pathogen, the Fixed-Quat gel and particle coated RCA materials showed similar and effective microbial inactivation performance with a rate of 2.0 × 10^?3 (gel) and 1.82 × 10^?3 (particle) log reduction cm^?2 min^?1. By potentially eliminating regulated DBPs formation and minimizing release of NMs into the environment, the antimicrobial coated RCA would be a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional disinfection methods in engineered aquatic systems.     

Litter decomposition of emergent plants along an elevation gradient in wetlands of Yunnan Plateau,China

The decomposition of plant litter is a key process in the flows of energy and nutrients in ecosystems. However, the response of litter decomposition to global climate warming in plateau wetlands remains largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a one-year litter decomposition experiment along an elevation gradient from 1891 m to 3260 m on the Yunnan Plateau of Southwest China, using different litter types to determine the influences of climate change, litter quality and microenvironment on the decomposition rate. The results showed that the average decomposition rate(K) increased from 0.608 to 1.152, and the temperature sensitivity of litter mass losses was approximately 4.98%/℃ along the declining elevation gradient. Based on a correlation analysis, N concentrations and C︰N ratios in the litter were the best predictors of the decomposition rate, with significantly positive and negative correlations, respectively. Additionally, the cumulative effects of decomposition were clearly observed in the mixtures of Scirpus tabernaemontani and Zizania caduciflora. Moreover, the litter decomposition rate in the water was higher than that in the sediment, especially in high-elevation areas where the microenvironment was significantly affected by temperature. These results suggest that future climate warming will have significant impacts on plateau wetlands, which have important functions in biogeochemical cycling in cold highland ecosystems.     

基于主成分-时间序列模型的地下水位预测

地下水位预测是区域水资源管理的重要依据。针对地下水位在时间序列上表现出高度的随机性和滞后性,建立了基于主成分分析与多变量时间序列CAR（Controlled Auto-Regressive）模型耦合的地下水位预报模型,将该模型应用于济南市陡沟灌区地下水位预测,结果显示,模型模拟值与实测值的决定系数R2和Nash-Suttcliffe系数E_ns均达到0.90以上;以2011年为基准年,当降水量减少10%~20%,蒸发量和生活用水量增加10%~20%,调入27.39万~137.0万m3地表水用于农业灌溉时,到2030年灌区地下水位将维持在30.99~31.29 m,较基准年上升0.12~0.42 m。在区域水资源紧缺的背景下,适当引入地表水灌溉,减少地下水的开采,灌区地下水位将逐步回升,对于灌区的可持续发展和区域水资源的合理利用具有重要意义。     

扬子克拉通北缘中元古界神农架群台子组沉积特征*

有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。     

云南省前兆模拟观测数据库系统的设计及实现

介绍了云南省前兆模拟观测数据库系统。该系统由前兆模拟观测数据库和数据库管理软件两部分组成。针对云南省前兆模拟观测手段多、时段长、覆盖面广等特点,选用Microsoft SQ LServer 2000为数据库平台设计建立了云南省前兆模拟观测数据库;针对前兆观测方法及台站观测手段分类管理的特点,选用Delphi为开发工具编制了前兆数据库管理软件。该系统的实现解决了分析预报和研究人员对长期积累的前兆观测数据的科研需要。     

青海湖水面蒸发量变化的研究

利用青海湖区1958～2007年气象、水文站的观测资料和江西沟、刚察沙柳河2个站20cm口径蒸发皿与E-601型蒸发量的对比观测资料,计算了月、季、年蒸发量,并应用气候诊断方法分析了蒸发量的年代际变化规律及其突变特征。结果表明:青海湖区4～9月20cm口径蒸发皿湖水与淡水蒸发量的折算系数在0.91～0.97之间,5～9月E-601型与20cm口径蒸发皿蒸发量的折算系数在0.70～0.78之间,同期的蒸发量与温度、湿度、风速等因素关系密切。青海湖年蒸发量呈逐步减少的趋势,但其变化存在明显的阶段性。1958～1963年、1977～1981年、1998～2004年蒸发量增加,1964～1976年、1982～1997年、2005～2007年蒸发量减少。青海湖年蒸发量每25年发生一次突变,20世纪60、80年代蒸发量表现出不稳定,70、90年代是年蒸发量的相对平稳时段。青海湖降水量增多是导致蒸发量减少的最主要的原因之一。     

西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场及动态类型:以酒泉东盆地为例

温度是地下水的固有属性,地下水温度场和动态特征是地下水流系统的外在表现.为揭示地下水开采等人类活动影响下西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场特征与地下水流系统的关系,基于多点位、长序列、高精度的地下水温度监测数据,在酒泉东盆地开展了地下水温度场及动态特征研究.结果 表明:酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度9.33～20.77℃不等,平均...     

安宁河断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础，用Ｘ射线法，在安宁河断裂带测区，选取了９个钻孔的岩芯，测量了岩体中宏观残余应力场的水平和铅直三维主应力及最大剪和随深度的分布。分析了其沿深度的分布规律，求得了其铅直梯度值。