基于相控地质统计学反演的薄储层岩性、物性预测

针对河流相储层厚度薄、纵向叠置严重、横向变化快、常规确定性反演方法受地震频带限制难以准确刻画的特点,尝试应用基于MCMC算法的地质统计学方法进行反演,以提高分辨率和储层预测精度,并全程应用成岩储集相控制建模,以便从储层地质学的角度加强模型约束,促进概念模型向定量模型的转化,建立合理的反映地下实际情况的油藏物性模型。具体实现方法是,首先利用对岩性识别敏感的测井曲线重构拟声阻抗曲线,再以声阻抗为中间变量,对岩性、物性参数空间变异性进行双重变差函数分析,最后基于MCMC算法实现了成岩储集相控制的地质统计学反演。得到的三维岩性、阻抗及孔隙度模型,其纵向分辨率为1ms,既可以很好地展现不同期次砂体的叠置关系、隔夹层的分布以及沉积旋回纵、横向演变规律,又可以实现物性变异方向沿河道砂体弯曲方向变化的趋势,同时可对地震资料的多解性进行有效限制。     

基于精灵4 RTK无人机的地理国情监测遥感解译样本采集的应用研究

精灵4 RTK无人机搭载的相机配备1英寸2000万像素,支持0—90°俯仰角拍摄,可满足地理国情遥感解译样本拍摄要求.基于精灵4 RTK无人机拍摄遥感解译样本,不但可以解决不可到达区域样本拍摄问题,而且能自定义飞行拍摄模式,实现了遥感解译样本拍摄自动化、智能化,丰富了遥感解译样本数据的获取手段,大大提高了遥感解译样本采集效率.本文基于无人机拍摄技术,结合遥感解译样本数据采集中的应用场景,提出了一种便携、智能的遥感解译样本采集方法,可为地理国情监测遥感解译样本采集提供技术支撑.     

岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱最近200年历史对比研究

黑碳是不完全燃烧产生的一种难熔的含碳物质的连续统一体,由焦碳(char)和烟炱(soot)组成.岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱浓度对比显示,两个湖泊焦碳浓度和通量变化受局地火事件影响,无明显的规律; 而烟炱具有相似的变化历史,主要反映在1970年代后期急剧升高,与中国工业化历史一致.烟炱粒径细小,具区域传输特点,可以通过沉积物指示大气烟炱.结合当前大气气溶胶烟炱浓度,恢复了岱海与太湖地区最近200年来的大气烟炱浓度.其变化趋势与200年来北半球温度对比显示,大气烟炱中的高浓度对应于高温,低浓度对应低温.这种历史关系进一步证实大气烟炱在全球增温中具有极其重要的作用.     

Native antimony in the Baogutu gold deposit (west Junggar,NW China): Its occurrence and origin

The Baogutu gold deposit, West Junggar (Xinjiang, NW China), is composed of quartz–sulfide veins and their stockworks and is hosted within an Early Carboniferous volcanic–sedimentary sequence. Three ore-forming paragenetic stages can be identified: coarse-grained quartz–sulfide vein (stage I), gold-bearing fine-grained quartz–sulfide vein (stage II), and native antimony-bearing calcite–sulfide veinlets (stage III). The estimated formation temperatures (approximately 360 to 220 °C), fS₂ (? 7 to ? 15 log units), and fO₂ (? 26 to ? 43 log units) decrease from stage I, through stage II, to stage III. The nature of the hydrothermal fluid changed from weakly acidic (pH: 5 to 6 at stage I) to alkaline (pH: > 7 at stage III).Two different occurrences of native antimony could be identified: one coexists with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, whereas the other occurs as isolate grains within calcite veins. Native antimony (up to 100 μm in size) contains minor amounts of As (2.0 to 2.7 wt.%); empirical formula Sb_0.95–0.96As_0.03–0.04. Decrease of temperature and fO₂ at high pH and low fS₂ conditions favored co-precipitation of native antimony–ullmannite assemblages and the decomposition of tetrahedrite. Native antimony crystallized later than the native gold, suggesting fractionation between Au and Sb during the hydrothermal evolution of the deposit.     

雪峰隆起北部地区构造基本特征及与海相油气关系

雪峰隆起是扬子准地台与南华褶皱系的分界单元,经历晋宁晚期古隆起、加里东期末局部隆起和中生代全面隆起3个阶段的演化历程,上叠中生代陆相盆地。雪峰山构造带主要为陆内造山带,据变形特征从NW至NE划分为3个平行的NNE-NEE向弧形构造带。呈现出从中深层次韧性、脆韧性-中浅层次韧脆性变形-浅层次脆性变形的变化规律。雪峰山及邻区推滑覆构造十分发育,主要形成于中生代,组成不对称背冲式扇形雪峰推滑覆构造系。雪峰隆起西侧武陵坳陷为被动陆缘区,有下、上两大套海相生储盖组合及加里东期、印支期、中生代等三大油气形成阶段。雪峰山隆起及其邻区侏罗山式褶皱及推覆构造发育,其下可能保存部分残存海相油气藏。     

我国煤矿矿井地质工作发展阶段概述

矿井地质是一门探索性、适用性都非常强的技术科学,是在煤田地质勘查的基础上、在矿井建设和生产期间、直接为煤矿建设和生产服务的一项重要技术基础工作。我国的矿井地质工作是随着煤炭工业的迅速发展而建立和发展起来的,并积累了丰富的实践经验,逐步形成了一套比较完整的工作内容和工作方法,它对煤矿建设和生产起着重要的作用,其发展历程可划分为四个阶段:初期创立阶段、曲折发展阶段、开拓前进阶段和发展提高阶段。随着我国经济的快速发展,煤炭需求量也随之持续增长,煤炭开采逐步向深部等难采块段及边缘地区推进,其地质条件日趋复杂,开采难度加大,因此矿井地质工作必须做好基础地质的研究工作,重视高新技术应用,完善地质保障体系,逐步提高勘探精度。     

山东省构造型地裂缝成因机制研究

收集了山东省多年来的地裂缝地质灾害调查和研究资料,结合地裂缝地质灾害发育的地质环境背景,对山东省内地裂缝的区域分布特征、发育特点进行了分析,认为山东省内构造型地裂缝广泛发育,并对山东省构造型地裂缝的成因机理进行阐述。     

南半球环状模与南极冰芯中气候信息关联研究综述

冰芯作为气候环境信息的良好载体,在研究过去大气环流异常中具有其他气候代用指标难以比拟的优势。本文重点综述了南极冰芯气候记录与南半球环状模(SAM-Southern Annular Mode)的关联特征:SAM与冰芯记录为同期变化,冰芯中NO-3、海盐组分(以Na+为代表)和水同位素比值δ18O同SAM指数具有较好的关联性;冰芯中SO2-4和MSA同SAM存在一定的关联,但相关性不显著;西南极冰芯记录的积累率同SAM具有较强的关联。需要说明的是,冰芯中各参数与SAM的相关性存在较大的空间差异。     

Geospatial spreadsheets with microscale air quality visualization and synchronization for supporting multiple-scenario visual collaboration

A major obstacle of the interdisciplinary communications for decision-making is that each participant prefers the solution from their own area because current collaboration systems cannot effectively mediate among many alternatives. If a visual collaboration system could display multiple alternatives in a single visual presentation, users would be able to compare alternatives with only a few variables, where all other parameters are fixed, at least from a visual perspective. In this study, we developed a visualization tool to support a microscale air quality (MSAQ) management group, the members of which often need to compare the effects of many alternative control methods. The main achievements of this study are: (1) three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the MSAQ using a 3D city model and (2) development of a geospatial spreadsheet (GS) to facilitate visual comparisons, thereby improving decision-making by making it easy to compare differences based on realistic visual display items. A questionnaire-based survey showed that use of the GS could generate a shared perspective and provide a spatiotemporal context for the participants, thereby making it easy to compare, mediate and reach decisions when confronted with many alternatives.     

The impact of tropical western Pacific convection on the North Pacific atmospheric circulation during the boreal winter

In this study, we investigate the impact of atmospheric convection over the western tropical Pacific (100–145°E, 0–20°N) on the boreal winter North Pacific atmosphere flow by analyzing National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis 1, Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature and Global Precipitation Climatology Project data. The western tropical Pacific convection is not only the main energy source driving the local Hadley and Walker circulations, but it also significantly influences North Pacific circulation, by modifying a mid-latitude Jet stream through the connection with the local Hadley circulation. On the one hand, this strong convection leads to a northward expansion of local Hadley cells simultaneous with a northward movement of the western North Pacific jet because of the close correlation between the Jet and Hadley circulation boundaries. On the other hand, this strong convection also intensifies tropical Pacific Walker circulation, which reduces the eastern Pacific sea surface temperature, resembling a La Nina state through the enhanced equatorial upwelling. The cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific has an inter-tropical convergence zone located further north; thus, the local Hadley circulation moves northward. As a result, the jet axis over the eastern North Pacific, which also corresponds to the boundary of the local Hadley circulation, moves to higher latitude. Consequently, this northward movement of the Jet axis over the North Pacific is reflected as a northwest–southeast dipole sea level pressure (SLP) pattern. The composite analysis of SLP over the North Pacific against the omega (Ω) (Pa/s) at 500 hPa over the western tropical Pacific actually reveals that this northwest-southeast dipole structure is attributed to the intensified tropical western Pacific convection, which pushes the Pacific Jet to the north. Finally we also analyzed south Pacific for the austral winter as did previously to North Pacific, and found that the results were consistent.