The effects of rock fragments on hydrologic and hydraulic responses along a slope

A model describing the three‐dimensional matrix flow along a slope with rock fragments or impermeable blocks was developed. The model was combined with modified Picard's iteration to ensure mass conservation in the unsaturated flow. We found that rock fragments obstruct water flow along the slope. The groundwater table must be raised to provide a sufficient pore water pressure gradient to facilitate water flow, but higher pore water pressure may induce slope failure. We also conducted a bench‐scale laboratory flume experiment to examine the effects of impermeable blocks on downstream seepage flow. In addition, a numerical experiment was conducted to examine how different arrangements of impermeable blocks affect downstream seepage flow and pore water pressure. This research demonstrated that the hydraulic phenomena were affected when impermeable blocks were present, and pore water pressure increased as the position of impermeable blocks was lowered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

米仓山地区金矿特征及找矿远景分析

米仓山地区的金矿主要产在太古代—早元古代后河岩群绿岩和澄江期陆壳重熔S型花岗岩中,金矿化主要受SN、NE向的韧脆性剪切带所控制,发育多期次、多阶段的热液蚀变活动,成矿物质主要来源于澄江期重熔花岗岩浆期后含金热液,还包括部分变质热液。米仓山地区金矿的找矿前景广阔。     

克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩复杂岩性岩电特征

准噶尔盆地东部克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩岩石类型复杂多样,且同一岩性由于结构、构造和成分的差异,电性特征差异亦较大,岩性识别困难。本文通过对该区14口井取心段岩电关系研究,认为自然伽马、电阻率、密度三种曲线岩性特征响应明显; 电阻率、中子、密度、声波四条曲线对火山岩岩石构造特征响应明显。并编制了岩性和岩石构造测井识别交会图版11张。进而利用电测资料识别出该区11种火山岩岩石类型: 正长斑岩、二长斑岩、玄武岩、粗面岩、英安岩、流纹岩、霏细岩、沉凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、火山角砾岩和熔结火山角砾岩; 识别出5种岩石构造类型: 正长斑岩中气孔及块状构造和玄武岩中杏仁、碎裂及块状构造。通过本区12口钻井取心后验,测井识别结果与钻井岩心分析结果吻合良好,可作为地区性火山岩测井岩性、岩石构造识别模式。     

基于核心素养的初中地理单元教学设计探究--以“河流”为例

指向核心素养的单元教学设计利于学生知识建构以及知识和方法的迁移应用。本文通过对有关“河流”课标的解读与教材的理解,基于学情分析,在大观念引领下,构建了单元教学设计的一般方法,并探究了以“河流”为例的单元教学设计实例,最后进行了反思。     

关于“数字城市”的初步研究

 在研究数字城市体系框架和数字城市工程总体设计的基础上,讨论数字城市基础信息平台,以及电子商务、电子政务、智能交通、智能社区、安全保障、科技教育、文化娱乐和信息服务等职能;探讨数字城市工程的数据获取与更新、数据库、网络、行业信息工程和数据标准等体系     

Spatial Autocorrelation and Localization of Urban Development

A nonlinear analysis of urban evolution is made by using of spatial autocorrelation theory. A first-order nonlinear autoregression model based on Clark’s negative exponential model is proposed to show urban population density. The new method and model are applied to Hangzhou City, China, as an example. The average distance of population activities, the auto-correlation coefficient of urban population density, and the auto-regressive function values all show trends of gradual increase from 1964 to 2000, but there always is a sharp first-order cutoff in the partial auto- correlations. These results indicate that urban development is a process of localization. The discovery of urban locality is significant to improve the cellular-automata-based urban simulation of modeling spatial complexity.     

台风“卡努”的数值模拟与非对称结构的分析

热带气旋登陆过程中受到浅海区大陆架和海岸地形的影响,其结构将发生突变.本文用MM5模式模拟了0515号台风"卡努"登陆浙江的过程,表明MM5模式能很好地模拟出台风路径及其主要雨带.在结构上,登陆后主要完成了从基本对称的垂直分布到东西非对称分布的转换.在热力场方面,登陆后的相当位温、相对湿度、水汽通量散度都比登陆前更加有利于暴雨的发生,登陆后的东西两侧也演变为不对称的分布,东侧的水汽比西侧更充沛,同时东侧的大气层结更加不稳定.     

Effect of structure-directing agent on AlPO4-n synthesis from aluminum dross

The hydrothermal synthesis of AlPO₄-n which is a functional material of aluminophosphate, was conducted from two kinds of aluminum dross discharged in an aluminum regeneration factory. The effect of structure-directing agent (SDA) on the formation behavior of AlPO₄-n from aluminum dross, the suitable condition to obtain AlPO₄-n efficiently, and the pore structure and gas adsorption property were investigated in this study.AlPO₄-5 and AlPO₄-34 are mainly formed from aluminum dross as a raw material, and it is possible to make AlPO₄-5 successfully as a main product by adjusting the amount of triethylamine (TEA) as SDA. The gas adsorption amount with AlPO₄-5 is the following order; ammonia > dipropylamine > benzene, and it is found that this order mainly corresponds with the polarity of molecule among them.     

中国入境旅游的经济增长效应与空间差异性研究

在旅游业与经济增长作用关系分析基础上,探究了旅游溢出理论,将其产生机制归纳为知识溢出、市场溢出和竞争效应3个方面。实证分析中,构建了包括入境旅游、物质资本、人力资本、科技创新和对外开放的分析框架,运用中国大陆31个省域2000~2014年面板数据对入境旅游的经济增长效应进行实证检验。全局分析得出中国入境旅游在邻近省市以集聚与合作为主,邻近省域入境旅游发展对本地经济增长具有辐射带动作用,且这种空间溢出效应大于直接效应;入境旅游业发达的地区,入境旅游的经济增长效应更大。局部分析发现,随着入境旅游的发展,入境旅游的经济增长效应不断强化,中部部分地区提升幅度最大;入境旅游的经济增长效应存在空间差异性,东部沿海地区贡献最大,西北地区相对最小。     

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Storm Surges Under Different Extreme Weather Event and Typhoon Experiments in the South Yellow Sea

In this study,a coupled tide-surge-wave model was developed and applied to the South Yellow Sea.The coupled model simulated the evolution of storm surges and waves caused by extreme weather events,such as tropical cyclones,cold waves,extratropical cyclones coupled with a cold wave,and tropical cyclones coupled with a cold wave.The modeled surge level and significant wave height matched the measured data well.Simulation results of the typhoon with different intensities revealed that the radius to the maximum wind speed of a typhoon with 1.5 times wind speed decreased,and its influence range was farther away from the Jiangsu coastal region;moreover,the impact on surge levels was weakened.Thereafter,eight hypothetical typhoons based on Typhoon Chan-hom were designed to investigate the effects of varying typhoon tracks on the extreme value and spatial distribution of storm surges in the offshore area of Jiangsu Province.The typhoon along path 2 mainly affected the Rudong coast,and the topography of the Rudong coast was conducive to the increase in surge level.Therefore,the typhoon along path 2 induced the largest surge level,which reached up to 2.91 m in the radial sand ridge area.The maximum surge levels in the Haizhou Bay area and the middle straight coastline area reached up to 2.37 and 2.08 m,respectively.In terms of typhoons active in offshore areas,the radial sand ridge area was most likely to be threatened by typhoon-induced storm surges.