从花岗岩的Sm—Nd同位素探讨华南中下地壳的组成,性质和演化

现有２４０个花岗岩体的Ｎｄ同位素资料表明,华南内陆花岗岩可能主要由地壳部分熔融成成。从壳源花岗岩提取源岩成分信息的方法是把这种花岗岩的同位素成分同出露的元古代弱变质地壳的相应资料作比较。野外关系说明,华南内陆花岗岩侵入毗邻的围岩,因此其形成深度应该出现在出露的深度大。。因为这些花岗岩的定位深度一般在5～15km之间,这些壳源花岗岩可能代表一种中地壳探度的熔融．它们的同位索成分应能提供在这一探度上地壳成分的信息。根据华南壳源花岗岩同出露的元古代弱变质地壳岩石的Sm—Nd同位素对比,华南内陆大部分地区在中地壳探度上存在中性至长英质成分的地壳,并且从早古生代到中生代不曾发生过明显变化。但是花岗岩浆的分异作用所导致的Sm、Nd分馏可能是亲石元素矿化的一个重要控制因素。     

水深对超浅吃水拖轮系柱拖力的影响

超浅吃水拖轮在浅海对钻井平台进行拖带和井位定位时,必须了解超浅吃水拖轮浅水系柱拖力特性,才能充分利用海潮条件和自身能力完成钻井平台的拖带和定位任务。     

数字地质实验室的概念设计与逻辑实现

以云南大学"地质实验室"为例,设计并实现了基于web的数字地质实验室。系统采用ASP.net的技术路线,以SQL Server 2005为数据库平台,在Visual Studio.net 2005集成开发环境下运用C#开发语言,并借助相关三维软件,开发出能在web上运行的地质实验室管理信息系统,并实现了实验室场景及岩石标本的三维可视化。系统具有实验室场景展示、路线导航、标本查询与显示、属性编辑、师生交流互动、课程预约、使用记录自动登记等功能,改变了以往实验室人工管理的现状,使管理工作方便、快捷、有序。     

基于Sentinel-2A和GF-1B遥感数据的海岸带水产养殖识别方法比较

近海水产养殖为人类提供优质的动物蛋白,对海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。卫星遥感技术已被广泛用于海岸带水产养殖的监测,但目前相关的研究聚焦基于单一传感器卫星数据并使用单一信息提取算法而忽略与不同卫星传感器以及处理方法之间的比较。本研究以北莉岛东北部为研究区,基于多光谱Sentinel 2A卫星和高分一号B（GF 1B）卫星数据,分别使用自适应阈值法、支持向量机监督分类法以及多尺度分割面向对象分类法,开展海岸带人工水产养殖区的识别。研究表明,更高空间分辨率的GF 1B卫星对人工水产养殖水网密集区的提取正确率远优于Sentinel 2A卫星;基于高空间分辨率GF 1B卫星,多尺度分割面向对象分类法的正确率最高,为94.65%,优于支持向量机监督分类法的94.45%和自适应阈值法的84.62%;自适应阈值法更适用于中等空间分辨率卫星数据的水产养殖信息提取,其提取的水产养殖水面的面积与目视解译提取的面积差异小于4%。针对单个养殖池使用情况的业务化监测需使用高空间分辨率卫星数据,而大范围水产养殖面积的变化分析则可应用中等空间分辨率卫星数据。     

Relationship between Crustal 3D Density Structure and the Earthquakes in the Longmenshan Range and Adjacent Areas

Abstract: This paper presents the 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan range and adjacent areas, with constraints from seismic and density data. The density structure of crust shows that the immense boundary plane of density distribution in relation to the Longmeshan fault belt is extended downward to ~80 km deep. This density boundary plane dips towards the northwest and crosses the Moho. With the proximity to the Longmenshan fault belt, it has a larger magnitude of undulation in the upper and middle crust levels. Density changes abruptly across Longmeshan fault belt. Seismic data show that most of the earthquakes in the Longmenshan area after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred within the upper to middle crust. These earthquakes are clearly distributed in the uplifted region of the basement. A few of them occurs in the transitional zone between the uplifted and subsided areas. But most of the earthquakes distributes in transitional zone from subsided to uplifted areas in the upper and middle crust where relatively large density changes occurr The 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan and adjacent areas can thus help us to understand the pattern of overthrusting from the standpoint of deep crust and where the earthquakes occurred.     

不规则框架结构的组合隔震反应分析

为研究不规则框架隔震结构的地震反应,分别对一个传统抗震结构、一个铅芯叠层橡胶支座隔震结构和四个组合隔震结构(隔震层由铅芯支座和滑板支座组成)进行了弹塑性地震反应时程分析,研究隔震支座参数对隔震效果的影响。结果表明:采用组合隔震技术时,合理选择隔震层的铅芯支座布置位置、滑板支座的摩擦系数和铅芯叠层橡胶支座的型号,可以有效地降低上部结构的扭转效应;对于不规则的建筑隔震结构,为减小地面运动带来的扭转效应,建议采用由铅芯支座和滑板支座组合而成的隔震层,可对上部结构的扭转起到很好的抑制作用。     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of aftershocks and seismogenic structure of the 2011 MW9.0 Tohoku earthquake,Japan

The Tohoku megathrust earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011 and had an epicenter that was 70 km east of Tohoku, Japan, resulted in an estimated ten's of billions of dollars in damage and a death toll of more than 15 thousand lives, yet few studies have documented key spatio-temporal seismogenic characteristics. Specifically, the temporal decay of aftershock activity, the number of strong aftershocks (with magnitudes greater than or equal to 7.0), the magnitude of the greatest aftershock, and area of possible aftershocks. Forecasted results from this study are based on Gutenberg-Richter's relation, Bath's law, Omori's law, and Well's relation of rupture scale utilizing the magnitude and statistical parameters of earthquakes in USA and China (Landers, Northridge, Hector Mine, San Simeon and Wenchuan earthquakes). The number of strong aftershocks, the parameters of Gutenberg-Richter's relation, and the modified form of Omori's law are confirmed based on the aftershock sequence data from the M_W9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, for a large earthquake, the seismogenic structure could be a fault, a fault system, or an intersection of several faults. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake suggests that the event occurred on a thrust fault near the Japan trench within the overriding plate that subsequently triggered three or more active faults producing large aftershocks.     

Numerical modeling of two-phase binary fluid mixing using mixed finite elements

Diffusion coefficients of dense gases in liquids can be measured by considering two-phase binary nonequilibrium fluid mixing in a closed cell with a fixed volume. This process is based on convection and diffusion in each phase. Numerical simulation of the mixing often requires accurate algorithms. In this paper, we design two efficient numerical methods for simulating the mixing of two-phase binary fluids in one-dimensional, highly permeable media. Mathematical model for isothermal compositional two-phase flow in porous media is established based on Darcy’s law, material balance, local thermodynamic equilibrium for the phases, and diffusion across the phases. The time-lag and operator-splitting techniques are used to decompose each convection–diffusion equation into two steps: diffusion step and convection step. The Mixed finite element (MFE) method is used for diffusion equation because it can achieve a high-order and stable approximation of both the scalar variable and the diffusive fluxes across grid–cell interfaces. We employ the characteristic finite element method with moving mesh to track the liquid–gas interface. Based on the above schemes, we propose two methods: single-domain and two-domain methods. The main difference between two methods is that the two-domain method utilizes the assumption of sharp interface between two fluid phases, while the single-domain method allows fractional saturation level. Two-domain method treats the gas domain and the liquid domain separately. Because liquid–gas interface moves with time, the two-domain method needs work with a moving mesh. On the other hand, the single-domain method allows the use of a fixed mesh. We derive the formulas to compute the diffusive flux for MFE in both methods. The single-domain method is extended to multiple dimensions. Numerical results indicate that both methods can accurately describe the evolution of the pressure and liquid level.     

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.     

南江县铁炉坝地区含金丰度及金矿化围岩蚀变特征

对四川省南江县铁炉坝地区各类岩石和土壤的含金丰度进行了阐述，对金矿化的围岩蚀变特征进行了较详细的论述，指出黄铁矿化一电气石化-硅化的蚀变组合是该区金成矿的指示性标志。