北祁连东段柏木峡—门岗峡地区蛇绿岩的识别及其区域构造意义

为加强对北祁连早古生代多岛弧盆系蛇绿混杂岩的调查,选取柏木峡—门岗峡蛇绿岩开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。柏木峡—门岗峡蛇绿岩位于青海省海东市互助县,构造上处于北祁连造山带中东段。由橄榄岩、辉长岩和基性火山岩组成较为完整的蛇绿岩单元。对辉长岩进行单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(525.2±1.1) Ma(MSWD=0.06),代表了蛇绿岩的形成年龄,相当于早寒武世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该蛇绿岩中的基性火山岩属于拉斑系列,具有洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征;玄武岩Th/Yb-Nb/Yb和TiO₂/Yb-Nb/Yb等构造环境判别图显示,该套蛇绿岩的形成环境与俯冲作用无关。结合详细的野外调查和区域对比,认为该蛇绿岩代表早古生代北祁连洋壳,与玉石沟—川刺沟等蛇绿岩共同构成了达坂山—玉石沟蛇绿岩带。     

Volcanic Debris-avalanche Deposits of the Laoheishan Volcano and Huoshaoshan Volcano in Wudalianchi

Large amounts of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, which take the shape of hummocks, are distributed around the peripheries of the Laoheishan volcano and Huoshaoshan volcano in Wudalianchi World Geopark. In earlier times, they were called "satellite volcanoes", namely, freestanding volcanoes. This paper points out that these deposits actually came from the collapse of the cones of these two volcanoes. When the lava flow spilled out at the base of the slope of the cones, the slope broke up and collapsed under the action of gravity. Later, ravines were formed on the slope. Caved slope clastics, accompanying lava flow, accumulated at the rims of the volcano cones. Although some accumulations may form very large cones, they are not volcanoes, but deposits of volcanic debris avalanches.     

一种基于激光原理的海滩剖面简易测量方法

海滩剖面测量是获取海滩地形地貌形态最直接的方法。本文提出了一种基于激光原理的海滩剖面简易测量方法,在厦门市同安区选取了6条测线进行了实地测量,测量结果与全站仪法的对比发现,各条测线上的各个测点的测量精度均在96.7%以上,少数误差较大是因为风速较大时吹动测距仪摆动导致的。这种测量方法具有简单快速的特点,测量点距离可以任意设定,且不易产生误差累计,黑夜、大雾均可测量,但不适合于强光和风速较大的天气。     

基于峰前和峰后能量演化特征的岩石脆性评价

为了准确评价油气储藏水力压裂及岩爆等工程中岩石的脆性,总结了目前国内外已有的基于能量理论计算岩石脆性的方法,并指出了它们的局限性.综合考虑岩石峰前和峰后的能量演化特征,建立了一种基于全应力应变曲线的反映岩石变形破坏全过程的脆性指数评价方法,更加全面地描述岩石的脆性特征.为了验证新方法的合理性,收集了4组岩石力学试验对新...     

海洋一号C卫星海岸带成像仪在轨几何定标

海洋一号C卫星（HY-1C）搭载的海岸带成像仪（coastal zone imager,CZI）为满足大幅宽成像需求,采用双相机组合成像,每台相间使用2片4色电荷耦合光敏元器件（charge-coupled device,CCD）拼接。从严密几何成像模型出发,对相机成像过程中存在的系统误差进行分析,采用一种基于探元指向角的几何定标模型,并结合CZI相机设计特点与几何特性,设计出一套针对HY-1C/CZI的几何定标方案。首先利用CZI参考基准波段影像与高精度参考影像进行绝对几何定标,采用分步迭代的方法对参考基准波段影像内外定标参数进行解算,其次进行波段间相对几何定标,最后得到所有波段影像的几何定标结果。实验结果表明,经在轨几何定标后,平面无控定位精度优于5个像元,影像几何质量得到明显改善,说明所采用的定标模型和方案合理有效。     

东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑地区晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征

笔者等对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为231.1±1.2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K₂O/Na₂O值为0.69～0.71,Mg^#值为40.5～41.6,里特曼指数σ为1.90～2.09,A/CNK=1.01～1.03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)_N值为19.54～25.52,具弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.96～0.97),富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606.0×10^-6～647.9×10^-6)和Sr/Y值(60.38～62.99),较低的Y(9.62×10^-6～10.66×10^-6)和Yb(0.86     

Heterogeneous tide-surge interaction during co-occurrence of tropical and extratropical cyclones in the radial sand ridges of the southern Yellow Sea

The Radial Sand Ridges(RSRs)area in the southern Yellow Sea are subject to tropical and extratropical cyclone activities frequently,in which the special geometry feature and moving stationary tidal system result in complex storm-induced hydrodynamic processes,especially the tide-surge interactions.We studied a rare weather event influenced simultaneously by an extratropical cyclone EX1410 and Typhoon Vongfong as an example to investigate the characteristics of storm surges,wave-surge,and tide-surge interaction in the RSRs area,and applied a high-resolution integrally-coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model,in which the meteorological forcing inputs are simulated by the WRF-ARW model.The model is validated by records from 4 tide gauges and 2 wave buoys along the Yellow Sea coast.Results show that the tide-surge interactions are of considerable regional heterogeneousness.The surge curves at Lüsi(in south RSRs)and Jianggang(in middle RSRs)have abrupt falls near the time of low tide,where the peak occurrence time of interaction residuals tend to shift towards the mid-ebb period.Significant increase of bed shear stress in shallow waters was proved the dominant factor to affect the tide-surge interaction in broad tidal flats of the RSRs area.Differently,the interaction pattern in the Xiyang Trough(in north RSRs),showed a unique rising in mid-flood period due to the phase advances of real surge waves in relatively deep waters.Therefore,we suggested to the local flood risk management that the tide-surge interaction tends to alleviate the flooding risk in the RSRs area around the time of high tide,but aggravate the risk on the rising tide in the Xiyang Trough and on the falling tide in large-scale tidal flats of the southem RSRs area.     

桩基的现场试验及试桩施工技术

介绍了钻孔灌注桩试桩的目的、试桩种类、试桩方法及试桩中的一般规定,从全面质量管理的角度分计划、实施、检查、总结四个阶段介绍了试桩施工技术。     

三次观测气象站求取02时地面温度的新算法

该文以全国各地国家基准气候站的一些实例同温度资料的依据,对三次观测气象站求取０２时地面温度的计算方法（见《地面气象观测规范》第１０７页）的准确性进行了验证,经对比分析,得出了一种求取０２时地面温度的新算法,大量实测数据证实,新算法的计算结果非常接近实测值。     

台风浪模拟预报中的风场比较研究

在对模拟台风浪时海浪模式常用的经验模型风场和多重嵌套中尺度气象数值模式风场的结构和时间演变特征进行对比分析的基础上,分别采用这两种风场资料,应用最新版本的第三代海浪模式SWAN对Winnie(1997)引起的台风浪进行了模拟,将模拟的有效波高与TOPEX/POSEIDON和ERS-2卫星高度计资料作了详细的对比分析。结果表明,经验模型风场对实际台风风场的刻画存在诸多缺陷,这些缺陷对于台风浪的准确模拟产生了不可忽视的影响,采用模式风场试验的模拟效果优于采用模型风场的试验。论文提出了在运用海浪模式模拟台风浪时用数值模式模拟风场替代经验模型风场的必要性。