洞体应变对高频气压波响应的传递函数——以陕西宁强台为例

自2011年观测以来,陕西宁强台洞体应变的高频气压效应甚为显著,但其频率依存性至今尚不明晰。为此,本文尝试采用相干函数和传递函数等方法,对该台2019年1月1日—4月2日的洞体应变和气压数据进行了系统诊断。结果表明,在8～40cpd频段内,洞体应变对气压具有较强的频率依赖性,即气压系数和相移均会随频率的变化而呈现非线性变化,其中,最大气压系数为7.80×10^-9/hPa,相位超前可达108.27°,且NS和EW分量的气压响应有所差异。上述结果将有助于该台高频噪声的物理溯源,同时还能为高频气压效应的分频段改正等提供量化依据。     

Metallogeny and environmental impact of Hg in Zn deposits in China

Zinc smelting is currently regarded as one of the most important atmospheric Hg emission sources in the world. In order to assess the potential environmental impacts of Hg from Zn smelting in China, the distribution of total Hg concentration (HgT) in Zn concentrates (ZCs) from 100 Zn deposits in China was investigated. It was found that HgT varies depending on the ore types and their geneses. Zinc concentrates from sedimentary-exhalative deposits (SEDEX, geometric mean = 48.2 μg/g) have the highest HgT. The possible explanation is that the sources of mineralizing solutions for SEDEX deposits are deep formational brines in contact with sedimentary rocks, and there are much higher background Hg contents in sedimentary rocks. Zinc concentrates from volcanic hosted massive sulfide deposits (VMS, geometric mean = 11.5 μg/g) and Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT, geometric mean = 10.1 μg/g) deposits have intermediate HgT. VMS may receive most of their Hg from fluid–rock interaction and/or by direct input of gaseous Hg from a mantle source. However, the source of metals within MVTs may be the low-temperature hydrothermal solution formed by diagenetic recrystallization of the carbonates. Intrusion related deposits (IRs) have the lowest HgT (Geomean = 2.4 μg/g), and the dispersion of Hg in the IRs seems to be influenced by the temperature of ore formation and/or the nature of wall–rock alteration. Finally, it was estimated that the annual Hg emission to the atmosphere from Zn smelting in China was about 107.7 tons in 2006.     

An alternative approach to calculate the posterior probability of GNSS integer ambiguity resolution

When precise positioning is carried out via GNSS carrier phases, it is important to make use of the property that every ambiguity should be an integer. With the known float solution, any integer vector, which has the same degree of freedom as the ambiguity vector, is the ambiguity vector in probability. For both integer aperture estimation and integer equivariant estimation, it is of great significance to know the posterior probabilities. However, to calculate the posterior probability, we have to face the thorny problem that the equation involves an infinite number of integer vectors. In this paper, using the float solution of ambiguity and its variance matrix, a new approach to rapidly and accurately calculate the posterior probability is proposed. The proposed approach consists of four steps. First, the ambiguity vector is transformed via decorrelation. Second, the range of the adopted integer of every component is directly obtained via formulas, and a finite number of integer vectors are obtained via combination. Third, using the integer vectors, the principal value of posterior probability and the correction factor are worked out. Finally, the posterior probability of every integer vector and its error upper bound can be obtained. In the paper, the detailed process to calculate the posterior probability and the derivations of the formulas are presented. The theory and numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has the advantages of small amount of computations, high calculation accuracy and strong adaptability.     

Assessment of precise orbit and clock products for Galileo,BeiDou, and QZSS from IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX)

GPS Solutions - The focus is on the quality assessment of precise orbit and clock products for the emerging Galileo, BeiDou, and QZSS systems. Products provided by Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) over...     

CCD整体平差方法的FORTRAN语言归算程序

介绍了实现CCD整体平差的FORTRAN归算程序的详细流程,包括(a)数据收集、(b)预处理和(c)整体平差与结果输出共三个步骤,并给出了各步所调用的子程序名称及其功能说明。采用模拟数据对该程序进行了可靠性检验,并将该程序应用于4颗河外射电源的光学定位。结果表明, 由于利用整体平差方法参加归算的观测资料覆盖天区扩大,包含了较多的参考星,因而可以获得高于单底片归算的定位精度。     

VLBI数据处理中的剩余钟行为与剩余大气效应建模

抽样选取了 2 7次上海天文台佘山站参与的天测与测地VLBI实验 ,分别进行了单次解算。通过分析解算参数随剩余钟行为和剩余大气效应分段拟合长度的变化 ,得到以下初步结论 :(1)选取不同分段拟合长度时 ,站坐标解算结果和时延残差加权均方根存在差异 ,最大分别至厘米级和数十皮秒 ,因而分段拟合长度不能随意选取。 (2 )分段拟合时段长度存在某一合理取值范围 ,它不宜过长 ,否则钟和大气的剩余效应短周期变化不能很好地模型化。为了保证待估参数解算时有足够的自由度 ,拟合时段不宜过短 ,否则将导致法方程近于或出现奇异 ,达不到较好控制噪声的效果。 (3)由于各次实验、同一次实验中的不同台站相应的钟和大气条件存在差异 ,有必要对每次实验以及每次实验中的各观测台站分别分析 ,寻找合适的分段拟合长度。这在实际操作中显然相当烦琐。 (4)一般而言 ,在剩余钟行为拟合长度缺省值 6 0min情况下 ,剩余大气效应分段拟合长度以介于 10min至 4 0min为宜 ;在剩余大气效应分段拟合长度缺省值 2 0min情况下 ,剩余钟行为分段拟合长度以介于 2 0min至 10 0min为宜     

大气科学类专业毕业生就业意向对气象部门人才招聘工作的启示

大气科学类专业毕业生是全国气象部门补充人才资源、建设气象人才梯队的主要来源。然而,随着气象事业发展的需求以及外部竞争的加剧,气象部门招聘大气科学类专业毕业生面临的压力持续增长。调查研究大气科学类专业毕业生的就业意向,对气象部门提高招聘工作效率和招聘质量有重要意义。     

区域地震前兆台网管理及运行监控

以宁夏地震前兆台网为例,就日常数字化观测资料收集、处理、监控、备份入库及存在的问题与解决办法进行阐述.对加强今后区域前兆台网监控及提高数据管理质量有一定参考价值.     

Distribution of Hg in mangrove trees and its implication for Hg enrichment in the mangrove ecosystem

The aim of this study was to evaluate Hg distribution in mangrove plants and changes of Hg content during leaf aging; the contribution of litterfall to Hg enrichment in mangrove ecosystems is also discussed. Contents of total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove plants and sediments were determined. Contents of THg and MeHg in the sediments were 225 ± 157 ng/g and 0.800 ± 0.600 ng/g. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in the mangrove plants were 1760 ± 1885 ng/g and 0.721 ± 0.470 ng/g (dry weight), respectively, which were much higher than those in terrestrial plants. Enrichment of THg in mangrove plants was different, following the order Rhizophra apiculata > Rhizophora stylosa > Kandelia candel > Aegiceras corniculatum > Avicennia marina; while MeHg contents in mangrove plants decreased in the order of R. stylosa > K. candel > A. corniculatum > R. apiculata > A. marina. There were obvious interspecies differences, regional differences, individual differences and tissue differences between THg and MeHg contents of mangrove plants, all of which were closely related to the environmental and the physiological characteristics of mangrove plants. In juvenile leaves, mature leaves and leaf litter, THg contents ranged 55.3-1760 ng/g, 204-1800 ng/g, and 385-2130 ng/g (dry weight), respectively; MeHg contents ranged 0.17-2.39 ng/g, 0.01-1.28 ng/g, and 0.13-1.47 ng/g (dry weight), respectively. Except for A. corniculatum and Bruguier gymnorrhiza, THg content of mature leaves was always higher than that in juvenile leaves, but MeHg showed a contrasting trend. THg content of litter leaves was between that of juvenile leaves and mature leaves, while MeHg content was generally lower than that of juvenile leaves and mature leaves. In the mangrove ecosystem, Hg enrichment contributed by the litterfall decreased in the order of K. candel > A. corniculatum > A. marina.