虚拟仪器在光栅偏心调整中的应用

从电子经纬仪和全站仪的测解部分的光栅副偏心调整的原理出发，分析了目前采用常规示波器用电信号法进行调整的原理及其实现方法，得出光栅副偏心与李萨如图的对应关系，并且给出了几种典型的调整方法。最后，利用虚拟仪器采用曲线拟合算法，将光栅副偏心与轴晃动分离，从而能迅速、正确判断位相差的变化，为仪器装配与调整起到指导性作用。     

云南中部地区现今构造活动与现今构造形变应力场

以1982－1995年云南中部地区跨主要断裂短基线（水平）、短水准（垂直）的监测资料为窗口，经数模计算和反演，讨论了该区现今构造活动性及构造形变应力场特征。其结果表明，该区现今构造活动是以水平位错为主；川滇菱块南部边界断裂扭运速率高于块内其它断裂，并显示了向南南东滑移兼抬升的活动趋势。     

Biostratigraphy of Triassic Marine Reptiles in Southwest Guizhou and Its Adjacent Area

This paper briefly reviews the Triassic marine reptile fossils in Guizhou Province, especially the fossils that have been recently found in the Guanling area. Based on three sections at Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou Province and Luoping, Yunnan Province, four horizons with vertebrate fossils are recognized in the Middle and Upper Triassic of this area; They are from bottom to top: Member I and Member II of the Guanling Formation, and the Zhuganpo Member and the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation.     

地球自转十年尺度波动与核幔耦合的可能机制

简要介绍了地球自转变化的一般规律可能的地球物理激发因素，十年尺度波动与核幔边界耦合之间的联系，以及几种可能的核幔耦合机制。强调了地震波探测手段对于获限地球内部信息的重要性，同时指出将空间大地测量，重力测量和地磁怀地球物理学方面的理论与模型研究相结合，对于最终分析和确认地球自转变化中的各种信息及其激当因素是十分重要的。     

北京大学环境地理研究的回顾与展望

北京大学的环境地理学研究承载于城市与环境学院的环境学系,其前身为北京大学地理系自然地理学专业环境教研室。65年来北京大学的环境地理学研究从传统的自然地理学,到将化学与地理学相结合的化学地理学,再到有地学环保性质的环境地理学,研究领域不断扩大,研究内容不断深入。目前,环境学系依托地理学二级学科环境地理学,在全球或区域环境中有毒污染物的区域环境过程、污染物的生物地球化学循环和界面间的迁移转化、污染物的环境毒理效应及其生态和健康风险等领域取得了一系列具有国际显示度的创新成果,研究水平处于国内这一领域的领先位置,各研究团队还将基础研究和应用研究紧密结合,围绕环境领域的热点问题,开展了一系列面向国家重大需求的应用型研究和咨询工作,为保护生态环境以及实现经济社会可持续发展发挥了重要作用,也为国家培养了大量高水平学术型和实用型人才。未来北京大学环境地理学科将从科学创新和面向国家重大需求两个角度出发,以培养高水平人才为核心,争取在多方面逐步取得较大突破。     

Adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in Kalman filter for navigation applications

Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in navigation applications. A conventional Kalman filter (CKF) assumes that the statistics of the system noise are given. As long as the noise characteristics are correctly known, the filter will produce optimal estimates for system states. However, the system noise characteristics are not always exactly known, leading to degradation in filter performance. Under some extreme conditions, incorrectly specified system noise characteristics may even cause instability and divergence. Many researchers have proposed to introduce a fading factor into the Kalman filtering to keep the filter stable. Accordingly various adaptive Kalman filters are developed to estimate the fading factor. However, the estimation of multiple fading factors is a very complicated, and yet still open problem. A new approach to adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in the Kalman filter for navigation applications is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that, under optimal estimation conditions, the residuals of the Kalman filter are Gaussian white noises with a zero mean. The fading factors are computed and then applied to the predicted covariance matrix, along with the statistical evaluation of the filter residuals using a Chi-square test. The approach is tested using both GPS standalone and integrated GPS/INS navigation systems. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the filter performance and has the ability to restrain the filtering divergence even when system noise attributes are inaccurate.     

1：50000数字地理底图在地质环境调查中的应用

数字地理底图为地质部门编制各种专题图提供基本地理要素。以环渤海曹妃甸滨海地区为例,以1：50000地形图为基本数据源,依据标准使用GIS软件完成了1：50000数字地理底图的制作,并对如何更好地发挥1：50 000数字地理底图在地质环境调查中的重要作用提出建议。     

几种地球剖分网格分析与初探

针对全球遥感卫星影像数据缺少统一组织框架的问题,从遥感影像数据特点出发,分析归纳了遥感影像统一组织框架的设计原则和设计难点,并对当前已提出的用于遥感影像统一组织的几种剖分格网方案进行概述。通过分析与比较,认为GeoSOT比较适合作为遥感影像的统一组织框架。     

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saxidomus purpuratus</Emphasis> Sowerby 1852) in relation to its reproductive cycle and the environmental condition of Sanggou Bay,China

Seasonal variation of biochemical components in clam (Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby 1852) was investigated from March 2012 to February 2013 in relation to environmental condition of Sanggou Bay and the reproductive cycle of clam. According to the histological analysis, the reproductive cycle of S. purpuratus includes two distinctive phases: a total spent and inactive stage from November to January, and a gametogenesis stage, including ripeness and spawning, during the rest of the year. Gametes were generated at a low temperature (2.1°C) in February. Spawning took place once a year from June to October. The massive spawning occurred in August when the highest water temperature and chlorophyll a level could be observed. The key biochemical components (glycogen, protein and lipid) in five tissues (gonad, foot, mantle, siphon and adductor muscle) were analyzed. The glycogen content was high before gametogenesis, and decreased significantly during the gonad development in the gonad, mantle and foot of both females and males, suggesting that glycogen was an important energy source for gonad development. The protein and lipid contents increased in the ovary during the gonad development, demonstrating that they are the major organic components of oocytes. The lipid and protein contents decreased in the testis, implying that they can provide energy and material for spermatogenesis. The results also showed that protein stored in the mantle and foot could support the reproduction after the glycogen was depleted.     

我国海岛开发与保护的战略思考

我国海岛开发保护虽取得显著成效,但问题亦十分突出。海岛开发保护对我国经济社会长远发展具有重大的战略意义。文章基于可持续发展视角,借鉴国际经验,从战略层面对我国海岛开发保护的进一步发展进行研究和思考,尝试提出可行的海岛开发保护战略目标、思路和对策建议。