Movement process analysis of the high-speed long-runout Shuicheng landslide over 3-D complex terrain using a depth-averaged numerical model

Landslides - Flow-like landslide is one of the most catastrophic types of natural hazards due to its high velocity and long travel distance. In 2019, a large catastrophic landslide was triggered by...     

Seasonal dynamics of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> fluxes from subtropical plantation coniferous ecosystem

As one component of ChinaFLUX, the measurement of CO₂ flux using eddy covariance over subtropical planted coniferous ecosystem in Qianyanzhou was conducted for a long term. This paper discusses the seasonal dynamics of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) between the coniferous ecosystem and atmosphere along 2003 and 2004. The variations of NEE, RE and GEE show obvious seasonal variabilities and correlate to each other, i.e. lower in winter and drought season, but higher in summer; light, temperature and soil water content are the main factors determining NEE; air temperature and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) influence NEE with stronger influence from VPD. Under the proper light condition, drought stress could decrease the temperature range for carbon capture in planted coniferous, air temperature and precipitation controlled RE; The NEE, RE, and GEE for planted coniferous in Qianyanzhou are ?387.2 g C·m^?2 a^?1, 1223.3 g C·m^?2 a^?1, ?1610.4 g C·m^?2 a^?1 in 2003 and ?423.8 g C·m^?2 a^?1, 1442.0 g C·m^?2 a^?1, ?1865.8 g C·m^?2 a^?1 in 2004, respectively, which suggest the intensive ability of plantation coniferous forest on carbon absorbing in Qianyanzhou.     

层滑构造煤岩体微观特征及其应力应变分析

层滑构造在煤层及其顶、底板间普遍发育,它对地质勘探、煤矿生产、矿井工程灾害防治以及煤层气的开发等方面都有着重要影响。本文以淮北煤田海孜煤矿为例,在研究宏观层滑构造带组合特征的基础上,探讨了层滑构造的微观特征和形成机理。构造煤是层滑引起的煤层流变最显著的特征之一。通过对构造煤与构造岩的微观特征测试,发现层滑运动除了产生脆性变形外,还产生较强烈的塑性变形。利用煤镜质组光率体各向异性和构造岩组构,结合层滑构造的实测数据进行了煤岩体应力、有限应变分析。结果表明:层滑构造以顺层剪切为主,煤层受力的主要方向为NW-SE向。     

"2007.4.1"四川盆地强寒潮天气过程分析

利用T213 1°×1°和欧洲中心实时资料,对2007年4月l～3日四川盆地区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景及影响系统进行了分析,结果表明:500 hPa乌拉尔山到贝加尔湖以东为宽广深厚的低压带,地面上巴湖附近为冷高压,此冷高压在500 hPa脊前西北气流的引导下东移南压,是造成此次寒潮大风天气的主要原因;而且低空急流也对降温有一定的作用.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带区域性构造-沉积特征

沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带的蛇绿岩套出露状态可分为3种类型,如在岗仁波齐和白朗地区完整出露大套基性 超基性岩体,层状堆晶岩,辉绿岩质岩席、岩墙,以及层状深海沉积建造。而在仁布地区的蛇绿岩露头规模迅速收敛,仅剩少量地幔岩体表现为串珠状排列的小岩株向东延伸并逐渐尖灭。在拉萨地区蛇绿岩套则完全缺失,相应位置出露一套同时代中 酸性火山岩建造。为探讨雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的大地构造性质,笔者选择蛇绿岩套出露巨厚、迅速收敛和完全缺失3种不同的构造位置开展构造-沉积剖面研究。初步结果显示：白朗大规模蛇绿岩套核心区保留基底构造窗,且局部可直接观察到深海沉积建造与上下围岩复理石的沉积整合接触关系。仁布地区的镁铁 超镁铁岩体具有保留完好的原生侵位构造形迹,岩体与围岩常呈侵位时的牵引平行或者低角度斜交接触关系,地幔岩与围岩接触带保留典型烘烤边等热接触变质带（晕）等。两剖面的岩石均处于区域性脆性 韧脆性变形和低绿片岩相变质作用,缺乏统一的区域性构造极性,因而整体属于原地系统,并非经历板块俯冲-碰撞-反逆冲的外来残余洋壳岩片。拉萨地区在蛇绿岩带向东延线位置出露侏罗-白垩系中 酸性火山建造,大剖面南北两侧的中 新生代沉积建造的岩性组合,构造样式和沉积环境演变过程具有明显的相似性和时间上的宏观对应性,应当记录了同一个盆地的完整演化旋回。上述构造-沉积地质特征说明雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩套并不代表中生代近万公里宽阔洋壳的残余构造岩片,新特提斯洋实际上属于一条中生代不均一洋壳化的弧后裂陷盆地。     

1668年郯城8 1/2 级地震构造应力场分析

1668年郯城8 1/2 级地震,发震断层南起郯城窑上北到莒县土岭,全长为130 km,由5条北北东走向的活断层段组成。郯城地震断层南段沿沂沭断裂带内的F₂断裂分布,倾向南东东,倾角为30°～60°。北段紧邻F₁断裂分布,倾向不稳定,倾角较陡(多为70°以上)。南段表现为右行逆冲或逆右行的运动性质,北段则以右行走滑为主。郯城地震断层南、北两段均发育断层泥带、断层角砾带和碎裂带,南段总宽度为几米到十几米,北段总宽度为几十米到近百米,局部发育多条断层泥带。郯城地震断层的排列方式及其几何学特征表明:为老断层复活,而非新生断层。通过断层擦痕的反演同震应力场显示:北段为北东东-南西西向挤压应力场,南段为北东-南西向的挤压应力场,该地震是发生在区域性挤压应力场状态下。这种应力场空间变化可能是地震断层几何学空间变化导致的。其同震应力场与该地区现代区域应力场是一致的,这说明郯城地震并未造成震后应力场调整或震后应力场调整时间较短,未影响到现今应力场。     

Isomorphic sodium admixture in garnets formed at high pressures

Na₂O contents were determined by electron microprobe analysis in 124 garnets from diamonds, xenoliths of peridotites, eclogites from kimberlitic pipes and metamorphic complexes. Na₂O content ranges between 0.01 and 0.22% with the limit of detection at about 0.01%. In the garnets of diamond-bearing eclogites and orange garnets from diamonds a regular increase in the Na₂O content has been established, varying from 0.09 to 0.22, as compared to garnets from eclogites of metamorphic complexes (range 0.01 to 0.06). It is assumed that the increased Na₂O content in the garnets of eclogites is mainly connected with higher pressure, whereas isomorphism of sodium is connected with the initial stages of the transition from Si⁴ to Si⁶ in the garnet structure: CaAlNaSi.The study of the sodium content of garnets has shown that all the orange-coloured garnets from diamonds so far studied are related to eclogite assemblage. Determination of the Na₂O content of individual inclusions of chrome pyropes from diamonds permits a conclusion on the type of assemblage (with or without clinopyroxene). Proceeding from these data, the importance of garnet-olivine paragenesis within the stability field of diamond has been revealed.Some clear distinctions in the sodium content of the garnets from xenoliths of the kyanite eclogites from the Zagadochnaya pipe in Yakutia and the Roberts Victor mine in South Africa confirm the relation of these eclogites to different subfacies.A conclusion is drawn as to the possibility of utilizing the Na/Na+Ca distribution in the garnets and pyroxenes of eclogites of especially deep-seated origin as a pressure indicator and to the necessity for experimental testing of the dependence of the distribution of these elements in garnets and pyroxenes on pressure, presumably in the range of 30–100 kbars.     

Cosmic-ray exposure histories of two Antarctic meteorites from Chinese collections and the Guangmingshan and Zhuanghe chondrites

In this paper, we report cosmic-ray exposure ages (3He, 21Ne, 38Ar) and gas retention ages (4He, 40Ar) of two Antarctic meteorites, and the Guangmingshan and Zhuanghe ordinary chondrites. The Antarctic meteorites (GRV98002 and GRV98004) were collected on …     

基于不同类型底图的旅游地图符号设计

作为一种现代生活时尚中的旅游工具,旅游地图种类多样,需求量大。本文分析了旅游地图不同类型底图的表示特点和相互差异,探讨了不同类型底图上旅游地图符号的设计原则和方法,为更好地设计和制作旅游地图提供了依据。     

"7.6"川西川南暴雨天气过程分析

本文利用2006年7月5日到6日的高空资料对7月6日到7日发生在四川省西部、南部的暴雨天气过程成因进行分析,利用24小时降水实况对中尺度雨团的移动做了分析,对数值预报产品的可预报性进行了检验.分析表明:高空低值系统的相互作用、地面冷空气的入侵、中低层能量以及水汽的聚集是这次过程产生的关键.