湘南晚泥盆世佘田桥期碳酸盐碎屑流沉积

湘南地区佘田桥期碳酸盐重力流沉积十分发育。据近年来的研究,其类型很多,包括台缘滑塌沉积、滑动沉积、碎屑流沉积、颗粒流沉积和浊流沉积(关伊文等,1983;杨振强,1984;湖南地科所,1984;沈德麒等,1987;曾允孚等,1988)。近来笔者对该区的重力流沉积特征进行了比较深入的研究,而对其中的碳酸盐碎屑流沉积的研究尤为详细。     

东秦岭金堆城大型斑岩钼矿床同位素及元素地球化学研究

文章系统研究了金堆城钼矿床的含矿钾长斑岩、围岩、矿石、矿石中的黄铁矿及矿化围岩的地球化学特征,深入探讨了矿区成矿物质的来源.金堆城含矿斑岩的稀土元素分布和特征地球化学参数显示,金堆城含矿斑岩富集LREE(LaN/YbN=540～1684),轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显,Eu异常不明显或无Eu异常(δEu=070～096).矿石中黄铁矿富集LREE(LaN/YbN=315～2628),具有弱的Eu负异常,无Ce异常(δEu=064～081, δCe=088～103),并与金堆城含矿钾长斑岩和矿石具有一致的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线和特征的地球化学参数,显示金堆城钼矿床的成矿物质来源与钾长斑岩同源.矿床铅、硫、碳和氢-氧同位素地球化学综合研究表明,成矿物质来源于深部,与钾长斑岩同源.围岩在矿化和蚀变过程中元素的迁移计算结果表明,在热液成矿过程中Mo随成矿流体加入到围岩并使围岩发生蚀变和矿化.钼矿床的成矿物质主要来自钾长斑岩,围岩不提供成矿物质.金堆城含矿斑岩和钼矿化的发生处于秦岭造山带在中新生代的挤压-伸展转变期,受板片断离作用和壳幔边界附近发生的基性岩浆底侵作用影响,加厚的华北地块南缘下地壳物质发生熔融形成花岗质岩浆,并沿构造薄弱带上升到浅部侵位,形成金堆城等同熔型斑岩和斑岩型矿床.     

南疆西部暴雨过程的动力热力结构分析

利用常规气象观测资料和ECMWF提供的ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°再分析资料,通过对2012年5月21~23日和2013年5月26~29日南疆西部两次暴雨过程中等熵面特征的对比分析,得到暴雨过程中的动力热力结构模型。结果表明：南疆西部暴雨过程是在中亚低涡系统影响下,高、中、低空急流耦合并叠加地形强迫的综合作用下形成的。中亚低涡前部中高层向东输送的冷空气翻山后下沉,与低层南疆盆地东部向西输送的冷空气汇合抬升,与中层暖空气交汇,同时上升运动加强促使水汽辐合凝结,是降水的重要原因,短时强降水时冷空气强度弱于暖空气,持续性降水时反之。中低层等熵面位涡与降水关系密切。     

Streamflow regimes of the Yanhe River under climate and land use change,Loess Plateau,China

Soil and water conservation measures including terracing, afforestation, construction of sediment‐trapping dams, and the ‘Grain for Green Program’ have been extensively implemented in the Yanhe River watershed, of the Loess Plateau, China, over the last six decades, and have resulted in large‐scale land use and land cover changes. This study examined the trends and shifts in streamflow regime over the period of 1953–2010 and relates them to changes in land use and soil and water conservation and to the climatic factors of precipitation and air temperature. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test and the Pettitt test were used to identify trends and shifts in streamflow and base flow. A method based on precipitation and potential evaporation was used to evaluate the impacts of climate variability and changes in non‐climate factors changes on annual streamflow. A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in annual streamflow was observed related to a significant change point in 1996, mostly because of significant decreases in streamflow (p = 0.01) in the July to September periods in subsequent years. The annual base flow showed no significant trend from 1953 to 2010 and no change point year, mostly because there were no significant seasonal trends, except for significant decreases (p = 0.05) in the July to September periods. There was no significant trend for precipitation over the studied time period, and no change point was detected. The air temperature showed a significant increasing trend (p < 0.01), and 1986 (p < 0.01) was the change point year. The climate variability, as measured by precipitation and temperature, and non‐climate factors including land use changes and soil and water conservation were estimated to have contributed almost equally to the reduction in annual streamflow. Soil and water conservation practices, including biological measures (e.g. revegetation, planting trees and grass) and engineering measures (such as fish‐scale pits, horizontal trenches, and sediment‐trapping dams) play an important role in reduction of the conversion of rainfall to run‐off. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new soil freeze/thaw discriminant algorithm using AMSR‐E passive microwave imagery

The soil freeze–thaw controls the hydrological and carbon cycling and thus affects water and energy exchanges at land surface. This article reported a newly developed algorithm for distinguishing the freeze/thaw status of surface soil. The algorithm was based on information from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Enhanced (AMSR‐E) which records brightness temperature (Tb) in the afternoon and after midnight. The criteria and discriminant functions were obtained from both radiometer observations and model simulations. First of all, the microwave radiation from freeze–thaw soil was examined by carrying out experimental measurements at 18·7 and 36·5 GHz using a Truck‐mounted Multi‐frequency Microwave Radiometer (TMMR) in the Heihe River of China. The experimental results showed that the soil moisture is a key component that differentiates the microwave radiation behaviours during the freeze–thaw process, and the differences in soil temperature and emissivity between frozen and thawed soils were found to be the most important criteria. Secondly, a combined model was developed to consider the impacts of complex ground surface conditions on the discrimination. The model simulations quite followed the trend of in situ observations with an overall relation coefficient (R) of approximately 0·88. Finally, the ratio of Tb18·7H (horizontally polarized Tb at 18·7 GHz) to Tb36·5V was considered primarily as the quasi‐emissivity, which is more reasonable and explicit in measuring the microwave radiation changes in soil freezing and thawing than the spectral gradient. By combining Tb36·5V to indicate the soil temperature variety, a Fisher linear discrimination analysis was used to establish the discriminant functions. After being corrected by TMMR measurements, the new discriminant algorithm had an overall accuracy of 86% when validated by 4‐cm soil temperature. The multi‐year discriminant results also provided a good agreement with the classification map of frozen ground in China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vertical dynamic impedance of pile considering the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil

A new analytical model is presented to analyze the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil on the vertical dynamic impedance of the pile. The surrounding soil of the pile is modeled by using the plane strain model and the pile is simulated by using one-dimensional elastic theory. Finite soil layers below the pile end are modeled as conical fictitious soil pile with stress diffusion angle which reflects the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil. By means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head in frequency domain is yielded. Then, a comparison with other models is performed to verify the conical fictitious soil pile model. Finally, based on the proposed solution, the selected numerical results are compared to analyze the influence of dynamic stress diffusion effect for different design parameters of the soil-pile system on the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head.     

Effects of fault activities on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Zhu I Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

Faults can act as either conduits or barriers for hydrocarbon migration, because they have complicated anisotropic flow properties owing to their complicated three-dimensional structures. This study focuses on the Zhu I Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), China. In this area, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation occurred over a relatively short period of time and were contemporaneous with fault activation, so the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulations can be used to deduce the effect of active faults on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. This study addresses the effect of fault activity on flow properties during hydrocarbon migration through a quantitative and comparative analysis of fault activity vs hydrocarbon accumulation. The fault slip rate and shale smear factor parameters were used to characterise faulting and elucidate its effect on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Active faults are generally excellent vertical conduits with strong fault activation resulting in vertical migration of most hydrocarbons and little preservation; traps near faults with fault slip rates greater than 20 m/Ma rarely contain commercial oil and gas accumulations. Faulting can form shale smear, which, if continuous, can act as a barrier to hydrocarbon migration. An active fault can allow hydrocarbon transport from deeper formations and to be trapped by continuous shale smear in shallower strata. Most of the oil and gas in the Zhu I Depression have accumulated near faults with a moderate fault slip rate (<20 m/Ma) and development of continuous shale smear (SSF<4–6).     

地震活动中短期预测指标研究及其应用

在研究应用模糊地震学和统计地震学某些方法的基础上,通过实际预报检验,对一些中短期预报较好的方法,如地震活动平静异常μｑ值,自相似从属函数μｓ值,自助统计方差σ值进行深入研究,探索孕震后期地震活动图像演化特征。     

黑龙江老祚山金矿区片麻状花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

黑龙江老柞山金矿床是佳木斯地块中北部的大型热液叠加夕卡岩型矿床.对矿区东矿带赋矿片麻状花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS的U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,共获得3组年龄,分别为697.1±8.0、703.0±8.8和484.7±2.7 Ma.其中前2组为捕获的锆石年龄,暗示佳木斯地块南缘可能存在新元古代的结晶基底.第三组锆石年龄代表片麻状花岗岩结晶年龄.锆石原位Hf同位素测试显示,片麻状花岗岩的εHf(t)值为-2.4~+3.6,TDM2为1620~1390 Ma,指示片麻状花岗岩原岩可能是中元古代陆壳物质重熔.结合区域构造演化,认为片麻状花岗岩可能形成于晚泛非-早加里东期的碰撞造山作用,是麻山群深熔岩浆结晶作用的产物.     

《四川地震》期刊2001年至2010年质量分析

根据2001年至2010年间"中国知网"针对《四川地震》进行的统计,简要分析了影响《四川地震》期刊质量的几个指标。结果表明,机构用户数量在2001年至2010年间一直在增加,但发行范围是稳定的,这说明地震专业性期刊的阅读者是特定机构的研究人员,而且在同一时期的来稿数量保持稳定也说明了期刊的稿源也局限在特定研究机构内;同时根据"中国知网"的统计反馈意见知道:影响因子的主要贡献因素是地震台站监测仪器革新技术和有关地震台站技术管理方面的文章;地震预测预报研究中的前兆观测项目分析这一类资料性文章是《四川地震》影响因子的次要贡献因素;其他类型文章的贡献还要小些。可以看出,地震台站观测技术创新型文章是《四川地震》期刊提高质量的关键因素。