中国近海鹑螺科的研究

鹑螺科是中腹足目鹑螺总科中的一个小科,包括的种类不多,数量也不大,但是它的贝壳较大,又较有光泽,而且具有整齐的肋纹和色彩,所以是人们喜爱搜集的贝类之一。它们的肉均可食用,贝壳常同其他贝类的贝売和在一起烧制建筑用灰。这一科动物全部是暖水种,世界各暖海区都有分布,而以印度一西太平洋区的种类为最多,化石出现于第三纪。 本科动物的贝壳通常较薄,呈球形或卵圆形，螺旋部短,体螺层膨大,各层表面具有平滑的螺肋。壳口宽大,内面具沟纹,外唇薄或増厚形成一个具齿的环,水管沟宽短。成体不具厣。软体部分头大:前端膨大,触角长,呈圆柱状,眼位于其基部外侧的一个短柄上。吻极长,不能完全缩入壳内,呈管状,末端扩张形成蔷薇花状的唇部,伸展时长度可超过贝壳。水管长,伸展时可直立于贝売的背部。雄性交接器极长大,弯弓形,全长具沟,末端有一尖钩。为肉食性动物,常以海参等动物为食。 我国鹑螺科的种类过去金叔初和秉志、张玺、阎敦建等曾有零星记载,国外学者也有一些记载,但对各种的分布地点记载不详。我们根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年来采集保存的标本和全国海洋综合调查所采得的底栖动物标本进行了整理研究,共鉴定10种，其中1种仅在东海发现,4种为东海和南海共有,5种仅分布于南海;有一种,即黄口鹑螺在我国沿海尚系首次记录。     

中国北方盐田和盐湖高盐水域藻类的初步研究

于１９８６年３月－１９９０年９月，对中国北方一些盐田和盐湖的高盐水域（盐度６１．０－３２０．０）中的藻类（主要是浮游藻）进行调查。在青岛东风盐场和天津汉沽盐场每月２次定点采集藻类标本水样７２份以及随机在山西解地、青海尕海，新疆达板城盐湖和巴里坤湖采集水样５份。鉴定出蓝藻５种，绿藻８种，硅藻８种。结果表明，均是典型的耐盐或喜盐种类，但其种的多样与水体的盐度呈负相关，藻类种群生物量以春季和秋季最为丰富     

基于遥感增强嵌套模型红树林带水沙环境对码头建设的响应研究

南海北部湾铁山港码头建设期间,邻近区域红树林带植株出现受损死亡现象。本研究构建基于遥感增强包含红树林潮间带的海湾水沙嵌套模型,评估码头建设对红树林带潮流、泥沙输移及冲淤的影响。结果表明：海湾水沙嵌套模型可充分利用南海海流模拟信息,且精细化模拟了工程建设附近海域泥沙输移规律。采用全球地表水覆盖几率遥感反演数据与当地潮位的信息融合技术,为红树林带水沙模拟提供了可靠地形信息。码头建设主要影响红树林带南部潮流,涨急时流速减小,落急时部分潮沟通道流速增大。当进港方案更改为过水钢栈桥,红树林带东南部流速略有增加。码头施工期,红树林带69%～72%范围的悬浮泥沙浓度增量介于20～50 mg/L之间。码头建设前,红树林带泥沙平均冲淤量为0.27 cm/a;进港方案分别为不过水通道和过水钢栈桥,码头建设后红树林带淤积量增加的面积占比分别为96.6%和89.3%,平均冲淤量分别为0.45 cm/a和0.36 cm/a。过水钢栈桥替换不过水通道,红树林带冲淤增量下降了50.0%。研究结论可为潮间带水沙环境模拟和红树林带保护决策提供科学依据。     

早渐新世钙质超微化石演变与营养盐及二氧化碳关系

南海北部早渐新世发生明显的营养供给和二氧化碳浓度的变化,相关地质记录为研究颗石藻的生理机制提供了理想的自然实验室。在本研究中,我们建立了一个新的颗石藻群落演化的指标,定义为E*比值。该比值由富营养属种和中等-贫营养属种的相对丰度计算而得（E^*=e/(e+c)×100,e代表富营养属种,c代表中等-贫营养属种）。其中富营养属种包括小Reticulofenestra, Reticulofenestra lockeri组,Reticulofenestra bisecta组和Coccolithus pelagicus组,而中等-贫营养属种包括Cyclicargolithus spp.。E^*指标与早渐新世营养盐指标具有较强的相关性,但在不同二氧化碳浓度的条件下表现不同的公变趋势。将群落组合与已发表的二氧化碳浓度数据对比,我们提出颗石藻可能在二氧化碳持续降低的环境下改变其对碳源和营养盐的利用方式,指示颗石藻的碳浓缩机制可能开始于早渐新世。     

Sedimentary characteristics and the implications of cobalt-rich crusts resources at Caiwei Guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean

Abstract

Cobalt-rich crust has attracted increased attention due to their economic value. Studies have indicated that seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are rich in cobalt-rich crust resources. The Caiwei Guyot in Western Pacific Ocean is one of the cobalt-rich crust exploration areas contracted between China and the International Seabed Authority. A large volume of research has been conducted to elucidate the tectonic evolution, basement type, sediment type, gravity and magnetic anomaly characteristics, and geochemical characteristics of shallow surface sediments at Caiwei Guyot. However, a research gap exists on the sedimentary strata below the pelagic deposits and above the volcanic basement of the Caiwei Guyot. This paper summarizes that two main types of sediments existing on the top of Caiwei Guyot. The deposition thickness on the top of Caiwei Guyot is characterized by three sedimentary centers and exposed periphery. Pelagic sediments are difficult to form at the northeastern portion and edge area of Caiwei Guyot due to the strong bottom current environment, which makes these areas suitable for crust growth. This paper delineated three cobalt-rich crust prospective areas at the Caiwei Guyot with of significant implications for exploration and mining-lease-block selections at Caiwei Guyot.     

皱纹盘鲍对氯霉素的通透性吸收与扩散

在海水溶液中的氯霉素分子可以越过皱纹盘鲍Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓ ｄｉｓｃｕｓ ｈａｎｎａｉ Ｉｎｏ的体表结构进入其血淋巴液中。鲍血淋巴液中氯霉素的浓度与药浴液的氯霉素浓度，温度均呈线性关系，药浴时间的效应表现的Ｓ形逼近曲线。在２０℃的海水中，鲍血淋巴液中的氯霉素向体外扩散的半衰期为４２ｍｉｎ。     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)消化系统发生的研究

本文对中国对虾消化道和中肠腺的发生进行了研究。完整的中肠管形成于Ｎ３期，它是由幼虫腹面的内胚层板向背中线上卷合拢而形成。在Ｚ１期消化道完全贯通。至Ｍ１期，胃分化为贲门胃和幽门胃两部分，中肠前盲囊和中肠后盲囊也在此期出现，同时胃磨的雏形发生，但完整的胃磨形成于Ｐ期。另外，中肠腺始于Ｎ４－５期中肠前端突出的两对中肠腺盲囊。第一对中肠腺盲囊于Ｍ３期退化消失，而第二对中肠腺盲囊则发育为成体的中肠腺。中肠腺小管由４种不同类型的细胞（胚性细胞、吸收细胞、纤维细胞和泡状细胞）所组成     

贻贝育苗中不同饵料的饲养效果比较

培育双壳类软体动物幼苗所需的饵料，是指池内培育阶段适合于幼虫和幼苗(壳长一般在1mm以下)的饵料。育苗成功的关键问题之一为是否已经选择到这样的饵料。自40年代找到适宜的饵料生物以后，双壳类幼虫的培养才取得较明显的成效。以往利用过的一些饵料生物巳有文献系统记载。我国贻贝人工育苗是在分离与培养出扁藻以后才获得成功的。随着研究工作的深入以及适应各种不同情况的需要，采用的饵料种类越来越多样化。从生产性育苗特别是多茬育苗考虑，必须因地制宜地筛选出一定种数的饵料，以便在不同培养条件下有机动选择的余地。同一时还应找出适宜的投饵数量，以求取得较好的育苗效果。为此目的，我们于1975-1978年结合生产性育苗的需要进行了一些饵料饲养实验。本文根据实验结果以及多年来生产性育苗的实践，对贻贝育苗的饵料问题进行总结，侧重于不同饵料的饲养效果比较。     

Mixed layer variability in Northern Arabian Sea as detected by an Argo float

Seasonal evolution of surface mixed layer in the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) between 17° N–20.5° N and 59° E-69° E was observed by using Argo float daily data for about 9 months, from April 2002 through December 2002. Results showed that during April - May mixed layer shoaled due to light winds, clear sky and intense solar insolation. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 2.3 °C and ocean gained an average of 99.8 Wm⁻². Mixed layer reached maximum depth of about 71 m during June - September owing to strong winds and cloudy skies. Ocean gained abnormally low ∼18 Wm⁻² and SST dropped by 3.4 °C. During the inter monsoon period, October, mixed layer shoaled and maintained a depth of 20 to 30 m. November - December was accompanied by moderate winds, dropping of SST by 1.5 °C and ocean lost an average of 52.5 Wm⁻². Mixed layer deepened gradually reaching a maximum of 62 m in December. Analysis of surface fluxes and winds suggested that winds and fluxes are the dominating factors causing deepening of mixed layer during summer and winter monsoon periods respectively. Relatively high correlation between MLD, net heat flux and wind speed revealed that short term variability of MLD coincided well with short term variability of surface forcing.     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced currents combined with parabolic mild-slope equation in curvilinear coordinates

Researches on breaking-induced currents by waves are summarized firstly in this paper. Then, a combined numerical model in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates is presented to simulate wave-induced current in areas with curved boundary or irregular coastline. The proposed wave-induced current model includes a nearshore current module established through orthogonal curvilinear transformation form of shallow water equations and a wave module based on the curvilinear parabolic approximation wave equation. The wave module actually serves as the driving force to provide the current module with required radiation stresses. The Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme and the alternating directions implicit method are used to solve the wave and current module, respectively. The established surf zone currents model is validated by two numerical experiments about longshore currents and rip currents in basins with rip channel and breakwater. The numerical results are compared with the measured data and published numerical results.