利用测震台网记录获得加速度波形的方法研究

研究了从测震台网速度记录获得高质量加速度波形的方法，并以天津蓟县台安装的CTSI-EDAS24速度型甚宽带地震仪和EST-Q4128型强。震仪对同一地震记录的处理分析为例，对计算步骤和处理方法进行了详细论述。处理结果的对比分析表明，该方法简单有效，拓宽了数字测震台网波形记录的服务应用范围。     

Fast-J2: Accurate Simulation of Stratospheric Photolysis in Global Chemical Models

Modeling photochemistry in the stratosphere requires solution of the equationof radiative transfer over an extreme range of wavelengths and atmosphericconditions, from transmission through the Schumann–Runge bands ofO₂ in the mesosphere, to multiple scattering from troposphericclouds and aerosols. The complexity and range of conditions makes photolysiscalculations in 3-D chemical transport models computationally expensive. Thisstudy pesents a fast and accurate numerical method, Fast-J2, for calculatingphotolysis rates (J-values) and the deposition of solar flux in stratosphere.Fast-J2 develops an optimized, super-wide 11-bin quadrature for wavelengthsfrom 177 to 291 nm that concatenates with the 7-bin quadrature (291–850nm) already developed for the troposphere as Fast-J. Below 291 nm the effectsof Rayleigh scattering are implemented as a pseudo-absorption, and above 291nm the full multiple-scattering code of Fast-J is used. Fast-J2 calculates themean ultraviolet-visible radiation field for these 18 wavelength binsthroughout the stratosphere, and thus new species and new cross sections canbe readily implemented. In comparison with a standard, high-resolution,multiple-scattering photolysis model, worst-case errors in Fast-J2 do notexceed 5% over a wide range of solar zenith angles, altitudes(0–60 km), latitudes, and seasons where the rates are important inphotochemistry.     

A comprehensive physical pattern of land-air dynamic and thermal structure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

According to the boundary layer observations of three stations (Garze, Damxung and Qamdu) and relevant earth satellite, radiosonde and surface observations during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the second Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau Experiment of atmospheric science (TIPEX), the land-air physical process and dynamic model on the Tibetan Plateau were comprehensively analyzed in this study. The dynamic characteristics of boundary layer and the rules of turbulent motion on the plateau were illustrated. The characteristics of distributions of wind speed and direction with mutiple-layer structure and deep convective mixed layer on the plateau, the strong buoyancy effect in turbulent motion on the plateau on which the air density is obviously smaller than on the plain, and the Ekman spiral and its dynamic pump effect of the plateau deep boundary layer have been found. The local static distribution of water vapor and the horizontal advection of water vapor in the plateau boundary layer were studied. The abnomal thermodynamic structure on the plateau surface and boundary layer, including the plateau strong radiation phenomenon and strong heating source characteristics of the middle plateau, was also analyzed. The authors synthesized the above dynamic and thermodynamic structures of both surface and boundary layers on the plateau and posed the comprehensive physical model of the turbulence and convective mixture mechanism on the plateau boundary layer. The characteristics of formation, development and movement for convective cloud cluster over the plateau influencing floods in the Yangtze River area of China were studied. The conceptual model of dynamic and thermodynamic structures of turbulent motion and convective plume related to the frequent occurrence of "pop-corn-like" cloud system is given as well.     

学习向量量化(LVQ)在地震和爆破识别中的应用

介绍了竞争神经网络和学习向量量化（LVQ）算法。此算法应用于对北京及周围地区地震和爆破的识别中，在对38个事件的应用中，得到的结果是，误识为3个，结果较好，说明在识别中是有效的。     

中国华北峰值加速度的衰减特性及与北美东部的比较

利用唐山强余震的强地面运动记录,研究了近场强地面运动水平峰值加速度的衰减特性,得到了唐山地区的衰减关系(土层、土层与基岩)．此外,还得到了北美东部的衰减关系,并将其与中国华北的衰减进行了比较,认为两者的衰减趋势是比较一致的．中国华北的衰减特性可供北美东部参考．      

基于时域有限差分法的雪花粒子群多次散射研究

为精确利用雷达回波反演雪花粒子的微物理参数,建立满足指数分布的非球形雪花粒子群模型,在94GHz频率下利用XFDTD软件计算电磁波不同入射方向下粒子群的后向散射截面,并与简单相加作比较,结果表明:同一入射方向下,粒子群多次散射效应下的后向散射截面均大于简单相加的结果;不同入射方向下,粒子群的后向散射截面表现出很大的差异。因此雷达实际探测中必须考虑多次散射和入射电磁波的方向。     

湍流高阶矩模式中的参数研究

该文为高阶矩湍流方程组的二阶矩闭合方案提供了参数组选择。此参数组是用近地层实测资料结合湍流方程二阶矩闭合方案推算出的。然后，将其与Mellor等人在实验室所得的参数组分别代入湍流二阶矩闭合方程组拟合，得动量(ΦM(ξ))、热量(ΦH(ξ))与稳定度(ξ)的二组关系曲线，可见此二组曲线几乎重合，且与Businger野外近地层实测结果符合较好。拟合的垂直速度方差((W*2)1/2(ξ))、温度方差((θ*2)1/2(ξ))与ξ的二组关系曲线相对于UTAH资料，所得曲线偏差比Mellor曲线偏差小得多，而相对于KANSAS资料，所得曲线偏差稍大于Mellor曲线。     

云间屏蔽对块状云阵短波辐射参数的影响

本文使用短波辐射传输方程建立分析模式研究规则排列块状云阵的短波辐射参数。模式中考虑了云对地表的遮光、邻近云对地表反射光的遮挡以及云侧面之间、云侧与地表之间的散射与吸收。本模式最大特色是加入了云体间相互屏蔽。这点由于其复杂性而多为以前的研究者所忽略。与不考虑此效应的Ｂｒａｄｌｅｙ模式所得结果比较，本模式在太阳天顶角较大时对云阵辐射参数有较大修正。     

超定边值问题的差分法

物理大地测量面临着越来越多的数据:高程异常、垂线偏差、重力异常、重力梯度等,因此出现了超定边值问题,本文采用求解偏微分方程最简单而又最常用的差分法,对这一问题进行了初步的研究。     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF AIR POLLUTANT AND RAINFALL EFFECT ON ACID WET DEPOSITION

It is helpful to go deep into understanding the acid rainfall through studying the relation of two centers between aciddeposition and rainfall and the relation of intensity between them.We adopt a three-dimensional Eulerian regional aciddeposition model,or NCAR-RADM,to calculate regional chemical concentrations and dry and wet depositions ofacids.The temporally and spatially varied meteorological field is provided by a mesoscale meteorological model,vertion4.We calculate dry and wet depositions of acids in eight kinds of different rainfall distributions.The results show thatthe wet depositions of acids near pollutant source is very sensitive to rainfall intensity in initial stage.The distribution ofacid wet deposition will tend to that of rainfall intensity when rainfall intensity is small in source.And it will tend to thatof initial pollutant concentration when rainfall intensity is large in source.