由GOCE高低卫卫跟踪数据反演地球重力场的模拟研究

根据调和分析法、最小二乘法,建立利用扰动位数据解算地球重力场的实用数学模型。结果表明,采用不同数据量和不同采样率的观测数据对重力场模型解算结果有一定影响,不同分辨率的观测数据恢复重力场模型的精度差异较大,调和分析法精度优于最小二乘法。     

海浪预报产品数据库管理系统开发研究

本文介绍海浪预报产品数据库管理系统，包括数据库管理系统的总体设计，硬软件的配置，数据库管理系统的主要内容和解决的关键技术。该数据库管理系统的建成，提供了我国近海和西北太平洋海浪预报的系统性资料，不仅对提高海浪预报准确率提供基础资料，也给海浪中长期预测预报方法研究和区域海洋学研究带来极大帮助。     

The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea

The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea. The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites (H-site, L-site) for one year, and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed. The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites. At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year, with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site. Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites. At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter, while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons, and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter. The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site. The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages. Furthermore, it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle, rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span. This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats, and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.     

Influence of Headland Breakwaters on Morphological Processes at Longfengtou Beach in Haitan Bay,Facing the Taiwan Strait

Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion.     

西南极利文斯顿岛含砾泥岩层的发现及其地质意义

西南极南设得兰群岛利文斯顿岛赫德半岛中分布的一套主要由复理石相岩石组成的低级变质沉积岩（迈尔斯陡崖组）被认为是中－ 新生代火山岩的基底（晚古生代－ 早中生代？）。以前含砾泥岩在迈尔斯陡崖组局部地点曾有零星报道,但详细的地质填图确认此地有四层含砾泥岩分布。研究表明,这些含砾泥岩可能是水下碎屑流沉积,其生成环境可能是海底扇中扇的水道。对比在南极半岛所发现有大量的含砾泥岩,则进一步表明利文斯顿岛早期地质特征可与南极半岛相比,两者在中－ 新生代岩浆弧形成之前处于相同的构造环境。     

青藏高原加热与亚洲环流季节变化和夏季风爆发

利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了春夏过渡季节青减高原非绝热加热和大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的关系.结果表明,过渡季节的早期(5月中旬以前)青藏高原总非绝热加热与感热加热的时间演变曲线趋势一致,感热加热在过渡季节早期的环流演变中有很重要的作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变与北半球环流的季节变化和亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的相关.在过渡季节里,青藏高原非绝热加热的变化引起了海-陆热力差异对比的变化,给亚洲夏季风的爆发建立了有利的背景环境,对亚洲夏季风爆发有明显的影响.结果还表明,用各区域纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异.     

三种类型烃-烃不混溶包裹体组合的特征和热力学条件的计算

在自然界广泛分布着烃-烃不混溶体系中捕获的流体包裹体,由于这些包裹体具有复杂的组成和相态,因此不混溶包裹体组合的判别和热力学参数的计算常常难以进行。根据烃-烃不混溶体系中两个端员组分流体包裹体室温下的相态特征和在温度-压力平面图上等容线交点显示的位置,划分成三种类型流体包裹体组合,本文介绍了三种类型流体包裹体组合特征,叙述了不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定和判别方法,并且阐述均一化包裹体相态方程和气-液平衡常数原理和方法。与此同时列攀了自然界简单的三种类型不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定、判别和计算的几个实例,利用相态方程和气．液平衡常数,不但精确地计算出包裹体均一压力,并且精确地计算出流体密度和体积等热力学参数。最后,利用均一成气相和液相的两种包裹体在p—T平面图上等容线交点同样计算出流体包裹体组合的捕获温度和压力。     

Petrological considerations for the demineralization of Rajmahal coals with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas mendocina</Emphasis> B6-1

The present study entails the results of the petrological coniderations for demineralization of Rajmahal Gondwana coals with Psudomonas mendocina B6-1. Inertinite group macerals are the dominant constituents of these coals, followed by vitrinite group, while liptinite occurs in low concentration. The amount of Mineral matter is moderately high. The concentration of major, minor and trace elements is high when compared with Clarke values. After the treatment of these coals with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1, a significant reduction in the elemental content of oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur was observed. A gradual reduction of pyrite phase due to bioleaching was identified and its signatures were reflected in the XRD spectra and FTIR absorption bands. Over 5 % reduction in the ash content and decrease of major, minor and trace element to variable degrees were also noticed. Fe, As, and Ca positively correlate with the ash removal percentage indicating that the samples with high concentration of these elements were prone to demineralization with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1 whereas Ni, Zn, Cr and Cu, negatively correlate with the ash removal percentage and shows that their enrichment impeded the process of demineralization. With increasing concentration of vitrinite the removal of major/minor/trace elements also increased which is attributed to the possible association of these elements with the mineral matter occurring as superficial mounting and superficial blanketing over the vitrinite macerals. This could facilitate the bacterial access to the elements to act upon and remove it to the variable extent. Some minerals occur intergrown with inertinites causing restricted bacterial action owing to the nonexposure of the mineral particles and less surface area available to the bacteria for bioleaching. Sulfur removal strongly relates with increase in inertinite content and decrease in liptinite content. This appears that sulfur associated with liptinites have shown difficult removal condition. The maximum removal of the trace elements like Cd, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb was observed from the ‘banded dull coal’ samples of the Rajmahal basin while maximum removal of major/minor elements like Fe, Ca and Mg was noticed from the ‘banded bright coal’ samples. However, maximum removal of Mn and As was also observed in the samples of ‘banded coal’.     

Monitoring and prediction of land use/land cover changes using CA-Markov model: a case study of Ravansar County in Iran

Human‐induced land use/land cover (LULC) changes are among the most important processes that shape the dynamics of the earth’s surface. This phenomenon, which is occurring at an astonishing rate, and its consequential environmental impacts have become an important area of research for scientists.Therefore, a wide range of methods and models have been developed to detect and predict these alterations, among which cellular automata (CA) models such as the CA‐Markov model, due to their affinity to geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), are appropriate for detailed resolution modelling and simulating dynamic spatial processes. In Iran, the district of Ravansar has undergone severe LULC changes recently, thus to take the necessary precautions, decision‐makers need to predict and determine the extent of these changes. In this study, using spatial analysis methods the LULC changes in Ravansar were investigated from 1992 to 2015. Subsequently, the CA‐Markov model was applied to simulate the spatial pattern changes of LULC until 2030. Our results indicated that from 1992 to 2015, this region has witnessed a noticeable increase in the areas of the built‐up and agricultural lands (both aquatic and non‐aquatic), resulting in the decrease of the gardens, range, and bare lands. The simulated LULC map showed that this trend will continue due to more urbanization and development of agricultural areas.     

华北地块西南缘古元古代花岗斑岩及其构造意义

在六盘山南段陇县固关镇东部出露多个原认为属于中-新生代的花岗斑岩岩体,其中的白家沟花岗斑岩显示古元古 代壳源岩浆活动的记录,属于钙碱性花岗岩系。该花岗斑岩高SiO2 （71.14%~73.33%）,高碱（Na2O+ K2O=7.61%~8.70%）, 富钾（K2O/Na2O=1.21~2.52,平均为2.03）,具有准铝-弱过铝质特点（铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.93~1.09,平均1.00）。稀土元 素配分曲线呈轻稀土强烈富集的典型“海鸥型”样式,具有明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.44~0.47）。岩石富集大离子亲石元素 K,Rb,Ba,Th,亏损高场强元素Ti,Nb,Ta,具有壳源A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。对该花岗斑岩进行的锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS同位素年代测定获得了1 846±32 Ma的上交点年龄,说明花岗斑岩形成于古元古代而不是前人认为的中-新生 代,上奥陶统背锅山组砾屑灰岩实际上是沉积于古元古代花岗斑岩之上。结合区域地质资料研究结果表明华北地块西南缘 在古元古代时期处于强烈的伸展环境,这可能为古元古代贺兰坳拉槽向南延伸至六盘山南段提供了直接的岩石学证据。