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911.
湿地植物演替对土壤微生物量具有显著影响,但不同土壤理化环境下的植物演替对湿地土壤微生物量影响的具体差异还不清楚。以鄱阳湖土壤理化性质不同的4个碟形子湖(包括相对肥沃的东湖和白沙湖以及相对贫瘠的蚌湖和大湖池)为研究对象,运用空间代替时间的方法,在泥滩带、湿生植被带(苔草)和挺水植被带(南荻或芦苇)采集0~10 cm表层土壤,分析不同土壤理化性质条件下植物群落演替对土壤微生物量的影响。采用土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物熵(qMB)指示土壤微生物量。蚌湖、大湖池、东湖和白沙湖洲滩湿地表层土壤MBC的平均值分别为1077.27、888.29、942.45和1162.46 mg/kg,土壤qMB的平均值分别为6.07%、6.17%、3.60%和3.79%。在泥滩—苔草—南荻植物演替洲滩,土壤MBC先增加后减少;但是在泥滩—苔草—芦苇植物演替洲滩,土壤MBC持续增加。植物演替没有显著改变土壤qMB。尽管植物的生长会增加所有洲滩湿地的土壤MBC,但增加的幅度在相对贫瘠的蚌湖和大湖池明显强于相对肥沃的东湖和白沙湖。蚌湖和大湖池的土壤qMB也显著高于东湖和白沙湖。在植被演替梯度上,洲滩湿地土壤MBC和... 相似文献
912.
多波束测深表层声速误差的动态影响及改正方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
表层声速不准确会对多波束测深波束的归位产生影响,对于平面换能器阵,使波束角产生偏差,从而影响波束最终位置,但Snell常数保持不变;对于曲面换能器阵,虽然波束未束控不产生波束角偏差,但Snell常数发生改变,会使波束在传播过程中出现折射误差,对深水环境测量不利。对于表层声速误差带来的水深误差,外部波束比内部波束受到的影响更严重。当表层声速无法实时准确获取时,根据内外部波束对水深的影响大小识别表层声速误差的存在,通过逐步调整表层声速值,计算波束指向角差值,再重新进行声线跟踪,计算改正后的波束位置,消除其带来的水深的影响,完成表层声速误差的改正。文中用实测数据进行了验证,对多波束测深数据质量的改善有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
913.
914.
金华地区位于金衢盆地东段,对其地下水同位素特征及更新能力研究对于整个盆地地下水资源研究具有重要意义,通过分析研究区内稳定同位素氘(D)和氧(~(18)O)以及放射性同位素氚(~3H)和碳(~(14)C)的空间分布特征,建立了金华地区降水线方程为:δD=8.29δ~(18)O+15.9,讨论了地表水、潜水、红层地下水的环境同位素的组成特征,对潜水及红层地下水的更新能力进行了评价。结果表明,金华地区降水线方程斜率及截距均大于全球大气降水;潜水、红层地下水及地表水三者联系密切;潜水、红层地下水在接受降水的补给后经历了不同程度的蒸发作用;红层地下水D和~(18)O同位素明显向下游富集;潜水~3H值介于6.6~19.0TU,~(14)C年龄显示为现代水,因此其可更新能力较强,红层地下水放射性~(14)C年龄为3020~5360BP,可更新能力较弱,红层地下水3H值介于4.4~12.3TU,表明红层地下水中有现代水的混入,δ~(18)O随着地下水的年龄的增加而偏负。 相似文献
915.
The study of Precambrian rifts, such as those found in the Tarim craton, is of great interest in the field of deep petroleum exploration as the source rocks of the rifts are depositional deep lacustrine facies. In this study, two buried rifts (Manjiaer and Wushi rifts) that may exist in the Tarim craton are identified based on the seismic profiles. Through the analysis of the outcrops and stratigraphic columns of the identified rifts, two types of rifts are classified and their evolution is divided into different stages. The evolution of the Manjiaer rift, which experiences frequent volcanic activity, can be roughly divided into three rift periods. Meanwhile, the evolution of the Wushi rift can be simply divided into two rift periods during the Nanhuan–Sinian period. A noticeably stronger activity of the Manjiaer rift in comparison with that of the Wushi rift was noted. The paleogeography of the Proterozoic Tarim craton was also reconstructed, and the prospect for deep petroleum exploration in the Tarim craton is proposed. 相似文献
916.
Natural Hazards - To evaluate urban flood risk while considering spatial and temporal characteristics, this paper establishes an assessment method based on a coupled hydrodynamic model and a fuzzy... 相似文献
917.
CEDLES: a framework for plugin-based applications for earthquake risk prediction and loss assessment
Long Li Zheng Shansuo Zhang Yixin Sun Longfei Zhou Yan Dong Liguo 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(1):531-556
Natural Hazards - To evaluate the seismic risk and loss caused by an earthquake, many earthquake disaster loss assessment softwares have been developed. However, it is difficult to apply one... 相似文献
918.
由于存在大量粗糙不规则裂隙,使得岩体中流体运动极为复杂。针对天然粗糙岩石裂隙渗流试验存在物理模型隐蔽性和不可重复性等难点,基于三维Weierstrass-Mandelbrot分形函数构建了粗糙节理面的裂隙通道,采用3D打印技术获得了透明精细的裂隙模型,使用微流体控制仪研究了不同试验条件下的裂隙渗流扩散运动,分析了裂隙通道流量与压力水头、裂隙宽度和分形维数之间的关系。研究结果表明:与平行板立方定律近似,在分形裂隙中,裂隙通道流量与压力水头成线性关系;单宽流量与裂隙通道的宽度成近似的三次方关系;考虑分形维数影响时,相同条件下流过裂隙通道的流量随着分形维数的增加而增加;粗糙裂隙渗流立方定律可采用与分形维数相关的幂指数函数进行修正。 相似文献
919.
920.
ZHANG Wen LI Yuhong ZHAO Fenghu ZHOU Zheng HAN Wei ZHOU Junlin ZHANG Qiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):114-125
Global helium(He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium-rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3 He/4 He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3 He/4 He of 1.4×10-6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix-sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U-and Th-rich minerals(27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths 400 m and totally released at the depths 7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement(or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures. 相似文献