建筑物对周边气温影响的初步研究

随着城市化进程的加快,建筑物成为影响气温观测的最重要因素之一。为了定量研究建筑物对周边气温的影响,应用城市小区尺度模式,选取气象站观测的3个重要时刻(14∶00、20∶00以及02∶00,北京时间),模拟了草地下垫面上长60 m、宽20 m的孤立建筑物,在不同高度(6、18、30m)及不同初始风速(2、4、6、8、10 m·s~(-1))条件下建筑物下风方的气温变化。研究结果表明:(1)由于建筑物的存在,夏季晴天14∶00建筑物下风方最大增温可达2.4℃,夜间20∶00和02∶00建筑物下风方最大降温分别为1.0℃、2.4℃。(2)以影响幅度大于0.1℃为标准,建筑物对下风方气温影响的最大距离在14∶00为11.7倍建筑物高度;而在20∶00和02∶00分别达到36.7倍和21.7倍建筑物高度,超过气象探测环境保护条例规定标准。(3)建筑物导致下风方风速衰减,从而增加了湍流动能中机械产生项的作用,即风速衰减幅度越大,对气温变化影响作用越强;而在白天不稳定层结下,建筑物造成的太阳辐射遮蔽效应对气温变化也有一定影响,建筑物越高,反而会在一定程度上减弱增温效应。     

2015/2016冬季北极世纪之暖与超级厄尔尼诺对东亚气候异常的影响

利用1980—2016年美国国家海洋与大气管理局气候预测中心的ENSO指数和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了2015/2016年冬季北极增暖和超级厄尔尼诺对东亚气候的影响。2015/2016年冬季热带中东太平洋爆发了超级厄尔尼诺事件,尽管大气环流出现了对ENSO的响应特征(如西北太平洋反气旋异常,东亚南部南风异常),但东亚(尤其是我国东北、华北地区)1月的气温却明显偏低。分析表明,此次东亚气温偏低现象可能与2016年1月北极显著增暖有关。1980—2016年1月再分析资料的统计诊断分析结果显示,巴伦支海—喀拉海气温的升高会引起局地大气的上升运动异常,之后在下游(70~90°E附近)向南运动,并在西伯利亚地区(60~100°E,50~70°N)下沉,使得西伯利亚高压增强,其东侧的北风异常导致东亚气温偏低。基于Nio3.4指数、北极温度指数,采用多元线性拟合所得到的2016年1月东亚气温的回报结果与观测气温之间的空间系数为0.71,表明2016年1月北极增暖以及热带中东太平洋的厄尔尼诺事件能够从一定程度上解释东亚气温偏低的现象。     

江西金山矿田金的赋存状态研究

江西金山韧性剪切带型金矿田为特大型金矿床。矿床物质组成简单,属低硫化物型,黄铁矿是最主要的金属矿物和载金矿物,自然金是唯一的金矿物和有用组份。砷以毒砂形式存在,是最主要有害元素。     

Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian,China, in 2019?

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - On May 24–29, 2019, a bloom occurring in Pingtan coastal areas of Fujian Province caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fish (Plectorhinchus cinctus and...     

青藏高原北部巴颜喀拉构造带基底隆起的地震学证据

过去曾笼统地认为巴颜喀拉构造带上万米的堆积主要是三叠系的复理石沉积。通过对沱沱河-格尔木深地震剖面资料的再认识发现，巴颜喀拉构造带的结晶基底埋深仅5km左右，比金沙江断裂带以南的羌塘地块北缘和昆仑山南缘的基底埋藏深度都要浅。进一步对青藏公路以东横穿巴颜喀拉构造带的几条深地震测深剖面进行分析，发现该基底隆起一直顺构造走向延伸，向东贯穿了整个构造带，推测它是扬子古陆块的残余。     

Magmatic and hydrothermal zircon growth during multiple orogenic cycles in an evolving mantle wedge

The Hongseong area of the Hongseong-Imjingang Belt in the central-western Korean Peninsula forms part of a subduction-collision system that is correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Belt in China. Several serpentinized ultramafic bodies carrying blocks of metamorphosed mafic rocks occur in this area. Here we investigate zircon grains in serpentinites from Bibong(BB) and Wonnojeon(WNJ), and high-pressure(HP) mafic granulite from Baekdong(BD) localities based on U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf analyses. The zircons from BD HP mafic granulite show distinct age peaks at 838 Ma, 617 Ma and 410 Ma, with minor peaks at1867 Ma, 1326 Ma and 167 Ma. The Neoproterozoic age peaks in these rocks as well as in the serpentinites suggest subduction-related melt-fluid interaction in the mantle wedge at this time. The older zircon grains ranging in age from the Early to Middle Paleoproterozoic might represent detrital grains from the basement rocks transferred to the wedge mantle through sediment subduction. The BD HP mafic granulite shows a Middle Paleozoic age peak(Devonian; 410 Ma). The 242-245 Ma age peaks in the compiled age data of zircon grains serpentinites from BB and WNJ correspond to a major Triassic event that further added melts and fluids into the ancient mantle wedge to crystallize new zircons. In the chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram, the magmatic zircon grains from the studied rocks show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with sharply negative Eu and Pr anomalies and positive Ce and Sm anomalies. The REE patterns of hydrothermal zircons show LREE enrichment, and relatively flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Zircon Hf signature from the WNJ serpentinite show negative εHf(t)(-18.5 and-23.5) values indicating an enriched mantle source with TDM in the range of 1614 Ma and1862 Ma. Zircons from the BD HP mafic granulite also show slightly negative εHf(t)(average-4.3) and TDM in the range of 1365-1935 Ma. Our study provides evidence for multiple zircon growth in an evolving mantle wedge that witnessed melt and fluid interaction during different orogenic cycles.     

2006年文安5．1级地震的烈度异常区初探

2006年7月4日河北省文安县发生的5.1级地震是1998年1月10日张北6.2级地震后首都圈内最大的一次地震.该震震中烈度偏低,而远在100km以外的北京等地区却出现较高的烈度异常.本文根据首都圈数字强震台网及其烈度速报系统测定的地震动强度等值线图,对该地震的烈度异常情况进行了分析,并对首都圈内3个烈度异常区的成因进行了初步的分析.结合震源的发震机理、地质结构和地震波射线路径等,分析了造成该次地震震中低烈度、小灾情,而外围烈度较高的基本因素.     

A Preliminary Discussion on the Mechanism of Abnormal Intensity Zones of the M5.1 Wen＇an Earthquake in 2006

An earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale struck Wen'an county,Hebei Province on July 4,2006. No casualties have been reported,with only slight damage. The disaster level of this event is the slightest on the M4.9～5.1 events record tally since the CCDSN (China Center of Digital Seismic Network) was built in 1999. The epicenter intensity of this earthquake was low,while in areas like Beijing,which is 100km far away,abnormal high intensity zones appeared. This article discusses the reasons behind this abnormal phenomenon,with the diagrams of intensity isolines drawn by the intense seismic stations and networks in the capital circle area as references,as well as the seismogenic mechanism in the source,the seismic histories,the geological structures and the ray pathways of seismic waves in areas within 150km around the epicenter. It was concluded that the special dynamic and geological situations were the main causes for the lower intensity degree and slight damage in the epicenter area,but higher intensity in the surrounding areas.     

基于WebGIS的地震目录数据发布系统研究

介绍了ArcIMS的体系结构、特点及技术优势。构建了基于ArcIMS的地震目录等信息的发布系统,提出了系统设计的思想、功能、特点及实现的方法,并通过实例操作演示了基于WebGIS的地震目录数据发布系统。     

1998年和1999年长江流域汛期降水及其季风流管特征

１９９８年６、７月长江中游雨量集中,两月总雨量７３４．７ｍｍ年６月长江中下游雨量分别为３２５．５、６３６．２ｍｍ,安庆、上海月雨量均为１９４９年以来同期最高值。南亚高压东北侧存在一高空急流,中低层西太平洋副热带高压西北侧为一低空急流,两急流轴线间为宽广的近东向垂直上升运动区,并伴为湿舌和涡旋存在,构成季风流管。长江流域受季风流管影响,产生大到暴雨。