华北平原深层地下水超采程度计算与分析

华北平原深层地下水的超采已引起了一系列的环境地质问题。为了从区域上认识深层地下水的超采情况以及由此引发的环境地质问题,分别以地下水开采潜力系数(深层地下水可利用量/现状开采量)、地面沉降量、多年平均水位下降速率为指标对地下水超采情况进行了计算和分析。结果表明,不同方法的计算结果具有一定的一致性。从区域上来看,深层地下水总体上处于超采状态,已无开采潜力。地下水开采程度指标采用以2003年为现状年的开采量,因此更多反映的是开采程度现状。利用地面沉降和多年平均水位下降速率计算的超采结果更多地反映了深层地下水开采历史所产生的环境地质问题。     

有限变形应变与裂隙网络渗透系数耦合模型

根据有限变形力学理论,编制了弹性均质岩层在采矿影响下位移和应变的有限元计算程序,并根据岩层位移可改变裂隙宽度,进而引起裂隙渗透系数变化的思路,实现了有限变形应变与裂隙网络渗透系数的耦合分析,并就一个采矿引起顶板岩层裂隙渗透系数变化的模型进行了分析计算。结果表明,纵向裂隙的渗透系数增大约４倍,而在不考虑顶板岩层离层的情况下,横向裂隙的渗透系数减少约４倍。可见顶板岩层的变形对裂隙网络的渗透系数有显著的     

A general method for simulating reactive dissolution in carbonate rocks with arbitrary geometry

The two-scale continuum model is widely used in simulating the reactive dissolution process and predicting the optimum injection rate for carbonate reservoir acidizing treatment. The numerical methods of this model are currently based on structured grids, which are not applicable for complicated geometries. In this study, a general numerical scheme for simulating a reactive flow problem on both structured and unstructured grids is presented based on the finite volume method (FVM). The convection and diffusion terms involved in the reactive flow model are discretized by using the upwind scheme and two-point flux approximation (TPFA), respectively. The location of the centroid node inside each control volume is moved by using an optimization algorithm to make the connections with the surrounding elements as orthogonal as possible, which systematically improves the accuracy of the TPFA scheme. Additionally, in order to avoid the computational complexity resulting from the discretization of the non-linear term, the mass balance equation is only discretized in the spatial domain to get a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are coupled with the reaction equations and then solved using the numerical algorithm on ODEs. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are studied by comparing the results obtained from the proposed numerical method with previous experimental and numerical results. This comparison indicates that, compared with the previous methods, the proposed method predicts the wormhole structure more accurately. Finally, the presented method is used to check the effect of the domain geometry, and it is found that the geometry of the flow domain has no effect on the optimum injection velocity, but the radial domain requires a larger breakthrough volume than the linear domain when other parameters are fixed.     

9种大气科学更名期刊评价指标的统计分析

利用2010—2015年版《中国学术期刊影响因子年报(自然科学与工程技术)》提供的数据,对9种大气科学更名期刊的多项评价指标进行统计分析。结果表明:6年来9种期刊的多年平均复合影响因子(U-JIF)为1.285,复合总被引呈逐年增加的趋势,但是个别期刊的他引总引比还很低,且多数期刊的互引指数偏低;多数期刊的可被引文献量和论文发表总页数变化不大,但多数期刊的篇均长度、平均引文数、基金论文比呈逐年增加的趋势;多数期刊的Web即年下载率存在下降趋势,而总下载量变化不大;多数期刊建有自主网站,但普遍存在"重建设、轻维护"的问题,建议期刊编辑部应重视自主网站的建设和维护,下大力气办好"过刊浏览"和"预出版"栏目。     

Triassic Granitic Magmatism at the Northern Margin of the North China Craton: Implications of Geochronology and Geochemistry for the Tectonic Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The early Mesozoic marked an important transition from collisional orogeny to post-orogenic extension at the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC). In this study, we undertook zircon U-Pb dating and whole-rock majorand trace-element geochemical analyses of early Mesozoic granitic rocks in the Chifeng area to establish their geochronological framework, petrogenesis, and implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asia Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Zircon U-Pb dating results show that these rocks were emplaced in three stages during the Triassic:(1) syenogranites during 250–248 Ma,(2) granodiorites during 244–243 Ma, and(3) monzogranites and granodiorites during 232–230 Ma. These Triassic granitoids belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series and are evolved I-type granites. They have high SiO_2 and low Mg O contents with enrichments in light rare-earth elements, Zr, Hf, Rb, Th, and U, and depletions in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, and Eu. These geochemical data indicate that the granitoids were derived from partial melting of a lower-crustal source under relatively low-pressure conditions and subsequently underwent extensive fractional crystallization. Considering both the geochemical data and regional geological information, we propose that the 250–248 Ma syenogranites were emplaced in an extensional environment linked to slab break-off after closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO) along the Solonker-Xra Moron-Changchun suture zone. The 244–243 Ma granodiorites were formed in a compressional orogenic setting during collision between the Erguna-Xing'an-Songliao composite block and the NCC. The 232–230 Ma granodiorites and monzogranites were emplaced during the transition from compressional orogeny to post-orogenic extension. Overall, the early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Chifeng area can be divided into three main stages:(1) closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and extension related to slab break-off during the Early Triassic;(2) continuous collisional compression during the Middle Triassic after closure of the PAO; and(3) post-orogenic extension during the Late Triassic, most probably due to lithospheric delamination after amalgamation of the Erguna-Xing'an-Songliao composite block and the NCC.     

煤矿区放水试验中示踪剂的运移规律

以地下水动力学的相关理论为基础,提出应用溶质运移模型对放水和示踪联合试验中获取的水量、水位及示踪剂浓度时间序列数据进行定量研究的方法。对裂隙介质溶质运移的基本规律、数学模型及其数值解法进行了系统的总结,对比各种解法的优缺点及其适用条件,并给出了联合试验溶质运移规律模拟分析的流程。     

应用于水文与工程地质的化探新方法土壤吸附汞地球化学测量

介绍了化探土壤吸附汞地球化学测量方法的基本原理,指出土壤中汞异常具有多种来源,单一测汞方法不能区别其来源。测汞方法最重要的作用最准确指出汞气的迁移通道－基岩的断裂破碎带。因此该方法更适用于水文与工程地质勘查,特别是地下水勘查。     

辽西建平马场义县组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

辽西建平马场地区出露大量的义县组火山岩,通过对其剖面测制研究发现,义县组火山岩可分为早、中、晚三期。对不同时期火山岩样品进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 测年,获得本区义县组早期火山岩形成年龄为(127.7±1.8)~(124.3±1.8)Ma,中期火山岩形成年龄为(122.3±1.4)~(121.8±1.3)Ma,晚期火山岩形成年龄为(114.9±1.8)Ma,时代均为早白垩世。通过与义县-北票、阜新-彰武、凌源-建昌地区的义县组对比得知,本区火山岩开始活动较晚,属于义县组活动的中-晚期;其年代学特征显示辽西各个地区义县组顶、底界是不等时的,是形成于太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲后的伸展环境中。     

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Tuff in the Third Section of the Tuchengzi Formation: Constraints on the JurassicCretaceous Boundary of Continental Strata in Western Liaoning

正Objective Western Liaoning has a large area of Mesozoic continental strata,which is unique for the study of Mesozoic continental strata in China and even all over the world.The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary of Mesozoic continental strata in Western Liaoning has been controversial since 2013 when the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary at 145 Ma was established in the international stratigraphic table.The Tuchengzi Formation is a key Mesozoic stratum in Western Liaoning,which is widely distributed and has a clear top and bottom.The     

裂隙-岩石格架系统中二相流的耦合模型

针对某些地质条件导出了离散双重介质二维二相流耦合微分方程,对方程中的渗透率和裂隙宽度进行了Karhunen－Loeve级数展开,对其他参数进行了多项式随机函数的级数展开,同时对截取级数前有限项所产生的误差作了分析．在求解基本未知量的同时也能求解随机变量的特征数。