叶面积指数遥感反演研究进展与展望

叶面积指数表征叶片的疏密程度和冠层结构特征,体现植被光合、呼吸和蒸腾作用等生物物理过程的能力,是描述土壤-植被-大气之间物质和能量交换的关键参数。目前多种卫星传感器观测生成了多个区域和全球的叶面积指数标准产品。本文综述了基于光学遥感数据的叶面积指数反演进展:首先,介绍了叶面积指数的定义和在生态系统模拟中的作用;然后,阐述了基于光学遥感反演叶面积指数的基本原理;在此基础上,论述了基于植被指数经验关系和基于物理模型的两种主要遥感反演算法,讨论了2种算法的优点和存在的问题,并总结了现有的主要全球数据产品及其特点,论述了产品检验的方法和需要注意的问题;最后,总结了当前叶面积指数反演中存在的问题,并展望了其发展趋势和研究方向。     

Recognizing the Scientific Mission of Flux Tower Observation Networks—Lay the Solid Scientific Data Foundation for Solving Ecological Issues Related to Global Change

As the Earth entering into the Anthropocene, global sustainable development requires ecological research to evolve into the large-scale, quantitative, and predictive era. It necessitates a revolution of ecological observation technology and a long-term accumulation of scientific data. The ecosystem flux tower observation technology is the right one to meet this requirement. However, the unique advantages and potential values of global-scale flux tower observation are still not fully appreciated. Reviewing the development history of global meteorological observation and its scientific contributions to the society, we can get an important enlightenment to re-cognize the scientific mission of flux observation.     

唐山地震再探讨

1976年7月28日唐山市发生7.8级地震,当时滦县又发生7.1级强余震。本文研究了这两次地震地裂缝反映的构造应力活动方式,探讨了两次地震的成因。     

华北区地裂与地震活动周期性分析

作者在发现多处历史地裂缝的基础上,研究了华北七省历史记载的94起地裂缝。发现四千多年来,它们与历史地震一样至少出现七个完整的活动周期,平均长前者312年后者长317年。两者活跃期和隐伏期相吻合。这一规律的发现为用地裂资料推断未来地震活动趋势提供了依据。     

Simulating the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat over Changbai Mountains temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem

A process-based ecosystem productivity model BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) was updated to simulate half-hourly exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem at a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Changbai Mountains, China. The BEPSh model is able to capture the diurnal and seasonal variability in carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat fluxes at this site in the growing season of 2003. The model validation showed that the simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (Hs) are in good agreement with eddy covariance measurements with an R2 value of 0.68, 0.86 and 0.72 for NEP, LE and Hs, respectively. The simulated annual NEP of this forest in 2003 was 300.5 gC/m2, and was very close to the observed value. Driving this model with different climate scenarios, we found that the NEP in the Changbai Mountains temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem was sensitive to climate variability, and the current carbon sink will be weakened under the condition of global warming. Furthermore, as a process-based model, BEPSh was also sensitive to physiological parameters of plant, such as maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax) and the maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), and needs to be carefully calibrated for other applications.     

METHODS CALCULATING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGROCLIMATIC RESOURCES IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS AND CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF MICROTOPOGRAPHY*

The methods calculating the spatial distribution of agroclimatic resources (temperature,humidity,precipitation,wind speed,etc.) in mountainous areas are presented.The linear model can be used for the mean temperature,accumulated temperature,and the occurrence date and duration of limiting temperature,but the nonlinear model for extreme temperature,humidity,precipitation and wind speed.The climatic effects of topography obtained from the application of these methods in the Shaxi River basin,Fujian Province,are also described.The results show that the methods proposed in this paper may effectively disclose the macro-and micro-variations of spatial distribution of agroclimatic resources in mountainous areas.     

临沂城区浅层地热能利用方式适宜性分区研究

临沂城区浅层地热容量丰富,利用潜力大,具有较好的开发利用前景。通过对该区进行地埋管勘查和地下水换热方式勘查研究,结合水文地质条件、工程地质条件等控制因素对该区进行了适宜性分区,区内只有部分区域适宜采用地下水换热方式,绝大部分区域较适宜采用地埋管换热方式。     

Source inversion and numerical simulation of 2017 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> 8.1 Mexico earthquake tsunami

Post-disaster social recovery remains the least understood of the disaster phases despite increased risks of extreme events leading to disasters due to climate change. This paper contributes to advance this knowledge by focusing on the disaster recovery process of the Australian coastal town of Cardwell which was affected by category 4/5 Tropical Cyclone Yasi in 2011. Drawing on empirical data collected through semi-structured interviews with Cardwell residents post-Yasi, it examines issues related to social recovery in the first year of the disaster and 2 years later. Key findings discuss the role played by community members, volunteers and state actors in Cardwell’s post-disaster social recovery, especially with respect to how current disaster risk management trends based on self-reliance and shared responsibility unfolded in the recovery phase. Lessons learnt concerning disaster recovery governance are then extracted to inform policy implementation for disaster risk management to support social recovery and enhance disaster resilience in the light of climate change.     

福建省物探化探遥感成果回顾

福建物探、化探工作起步于２０世纪５０年代。近半个世纪以来,福建省地质工作者利用物探、化探、遥感等技术在区域地质,深部地质,矿产,水文、工程地质,环境,医学,农业地质等领域取得了丰硕成果,但还存在一定的差距。为进一步提高福建省物探、化探、遥感等技术水平和扩大应用领域,对今后工作提出几点建议和对策。     

基于决策树算法的江苏省不同区域短时强降水预报研究

采用2000—2019年13个地级市气象站地面观测站点观测资料以及ERA5再分析资料,基于机器学习中的经典的C4.5算法对江苏省不同区域是否出现短时强降水建立气象要素预报模型。结果表明：基于C4.5算法的决策树预测模型能够较为直观准确的对江苏省不同区域是否发生短时强降水进行预测,并且该决策树模型具有较高的泛化能力。决策树模型利用各区域总样本的前15 a数据样本进行自学习,学习准确率在淮北地区为89.70%,在江淮之间地区为87.89%,在长江以南地区为87.88%,利用各区域剩余5 a样本对该决策树模型的泛化能力进行测试,测试准确率在淮北地区为85.73%,在江淮之间地区为83.39%,在长江以南地区为93.92%。