红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)种子形态及内部特征

海草床可以为海洋动物提供产卵、索饵、繁育等场所。目前, 海草床面积急剧下降, 其中我国关于虾形草属(Phyllospadix)海草的研究相对较少, 对于虾形草主要繁育载体种子的描述、显微观察和萌发过程方面存在较多空白。本研究以红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)为研究对象, 对其生长环境、种子外部特征、内部结构、萌发过程等进行了定性定量描述。结果表明, 虾形草果实种子对于海洋环境有着外部形态与内部结构的适应性, 外部形态特点包括独特的果序和果实形状, 以及翅状结构和内侧鬃毛, 其中果序呈弯虾形, 平均长度3.4cm, 果实呈马掌形, 直径3~4mm, 内部结构特征包括胚乳占比大、果皮种皮解剖结构复杂等, 具有作为海岸带植被修复工具种的优势。本研究补充了目前对虾形草等海洋沉水植物种子的研究资料, 为虾形草海草种质库保护与海草床修复提供了建议和参考。     

TerraSpec波谱仪在西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿区蚀变信息研究中的应用

西藏改则县多不杂矿区为近年来在班公湖—怒江成矿带发现的大型斑岩铜矿区,对这一典型矿床的研究有助于对整个班公湖—怒江成矿带提出更好的找矿认识.使用美国TerraSpec便携式地物波谱仪对从多不杂矿区采集的地物样品进行波谱测试及镜下鉴定,确定矿区主要蚀变为绢英岩化及绿帘石化,地表矿化主要有褐铁矿化、孔雀石化和蓝铜矿化.矿区出露的2套花岗闪长斑岩的波谱特征存在明显差异,成矿斑岩绢英岩化蚀变较为严重;而不成矿斑岩基本无蚀变,主要零星分布在成矿斑岩的外围.对采样样品实测波谱特征与其在ASTER图像上的波谱特征的对比分析表明,两者具有良好的一致性.最后基于采样样品波谱特征,圈定了与成矿相关的绢英岩化区域,并建议绢英岩化区域为今后矿产勘察重点区域.     

引用JOOMLA平台快速搭建基于WEBGIS的流动地震前兆台网信息系统

为了解决福建省流动前兆地震台网基础信息保存分散和查询检索的不便,本文采用JOOMLA开源CMS系统,结合Google map API,快速架构了基于WebGIS的流动地震前兆台网信息系统。该信息系统具有查询福建省流动观测台网台站信息、测项信息、地理信息、人员信息等基础信息数据的功能,并可动态浏览地图,进行地图检索与数据库备份,极大方便了科技管理人员快速查询流动地震台网信息。     

Efficient encoding and spatial operation scheme for aperture 4 hexagonal discrete global grid system

Discrete global grid systems (DGGSs) are considered to be promising structures for global geospatial information representation. Square and triangular DGGSs have had the advantage over hexagonal ones in geospatial data processing over the past few decades. Despite a significant body of research supporting hexagonal grids as the superior alternative, the application thereof has been hindered partly owing to the lack of a hierarchy. This study presents an original perspective to combine two types of aperture 4 hexagonal discrete grid systems into a hierarchy. Each cell of the hierarchy is assigned a unique code using a linear quadtree that constructs the hexagonal quaternary balanced structure (HQBS). The mathematical system described by HQBS addressing and the vector operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are defined. Essential spatial operations for HQBS cell retrieval, transformation between HQBS codes and other coordinate systems, and arrangement of HQBS cells on spherical surfaces were studied and implemented. The accuracy and efficiency of algorithms were validated through experiments. The results indicate that the average efficiency of cell retrieval using the HQBS is higher than that using other schemes, thus proving it to be more efficient.     

A drought index for Rainfed agriculture: The Standardized Precipitation Crop Evapotranspiration Index (SPCEI)

A drought index is one of the main methods used for measuring drought and represents the basis of drought monitoring, early warning, and classification. On the basis of an analysis of the advantages and limitations of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Standardized Precipitation Crop Evapotranspiration Index (SPCEI), which is a drought index of rainfed agriculture, was constructed in this study. The applicable conditions of the SPCEI were then investigated, and the results showed that the SPCEI was suitable for dryland crops under non‐irrigated conditions in arid and semi‐arid areas. The difference between the SPEI and SPCEI is analysed. Compared with the SPEI, the SPCEI considers crop evapotranspiration and the crop growth stage and was found to be more suitable for monitoring agricultural drought. Qigihar, which is located in a semi‐arid area in western Heilongjiang Province, China, was then analysed as an example. The characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of regional agricultural drought were analysed based on maize and soybean in dryland areas. The results for the different growth stages of maize and soybean showed that drought intensity is more serious in the initial stage in the middle part. In crop development, mid‐season and late season stage, the drought conditions gradually increased from north to south. The drought degree of the two crops at the initial stage gradually increased, and the drought degree at the crop development stage gradually decreased. The main reason is that precipitation gradually increases during the crop development stage.     

A bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated soil-structure interfaces

In many geotechnical systems, such as reinforced slopes and embankments, soil-structure interfaces are often unsaturated. Shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces is strongly dependent on their matric suctions, as revealed by the results of extensive laboratory tests. So far, constitutive models for unsaturated interfaces are very limited in the literature. This paper reports a new bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated interfaces. New formulations were developed to incorporate suction effects on the flow rule and plastic modulus. To examine the capability of the proposed model, it was applied to simulate suction- and stress-controlled direct shear tests on unsaturated soil–cement, soil–steel and soil–geotextile interfaces. Measured and computed results are well matched, demonstrating that the proposed model can well capture key features of the shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces, including suction-dependent dilatancy, stress–strain relation and peak and critical state shear strengths.     

Origin and tectonic evolution of early Paleozoic arc terranes abutting the northern margin of North China Craton

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The origin and tectonic evolution of the early Paleozoic arc terranes abutting the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) are widely debated. This...     

北京一号小卫星数据的城市景观格局监测分析——以徐州市城区为例

为了推进北京一号小卫星遥感数据在城市景观生态研究中的应用,针对其全色影像4m分辨率、多光谱影像32m分辨率的特点,试验分析北京一号小卫星影像在城市景观格局变化中的应用效果和特点。通过对不同分类器的比较,选择支持向量机分类器对多光谱影像、全色影像、全色与多光谱融合影像三个数据集进行景观组分分类,结果表明,全色与多光谱融合影像的分类精度最高。利用多时相、多光谱遥感数据统计分析了城市景观组分与格局变化,表明32m空间分辨率的多光谱影像可以用于城市景观格局变化和土地覆盖变化分析。本文全面试验和分析评价了北京一号多分辨率数据在城市景观格局研究中的应用效果。通过对同一年份全色影像和多光谱影像计算的景观格局指标的分析表明,全色数据能更有效地描述景观详细信息,多光谱数据可展现城市景观的整体格局,而融合后对景观格局分析能够获得优于单一数据的效果。试验和分析表明,北京一号小卫星4m全色高分辨率影像和32m多光谱数据的波段组合,能从不同尺度揭示城市景观格局和变化过程。     

中国水生态区划方法体系及淮河范例研究(英文)

本文提出的水生态区划方法体系包括指导思想、基本原则、分区方法、命名与编码规则几个部分。其核心指导思想是科学发展观及人与自然和谐的理念;基本原则有区域相关性原则、协调原则、主导功能原则和分及区划原则;分区方法、命名与编码规则则随分区等级和研究尺度而异。本文采用2级分区的思路,提出了全国水生态区划分方案,包括6个水生态一级区和34个水生态二级区。基于以下3类7种水生态服务功能:水生态保育类(包括水源涵养、水土保持和物种保护),水生态调控类(包括洪水调蓄和生境维持),水生态服务类(包括产品提供和景观保障),以淮河流域为例,将3级水生态区划方法应用于流域尺度。在实例区共划分出2个水生态一级区、3个水生态二级区和21个水生态三级区。     

砂砾料动残余变形特性的试验研究

采用GDS动三轴试验系统对某水电站堆石坝的砂砾料进行了两种级配的动残余变形试验。试验结果表明,在围压比较小时,大部分试验条件下材料的残余剪应变和残余体变与lg(1+N)较好地符合直线关系;当围压较大时,在低动应力水平下试验结果仍能较好地满足线性关系,但随着动应力水平的增加,试验结果的离散程度变大。另外,在相同初始状态条件下,土料抵抗动力荷载变形的能力随着土料中粗颗粒含量的增多而变大。