低水合氯化镁吸水过程的气相色谱热力学研究

利用迎头气相色谱分析、量热法、热重法、X -衍射法和化学分析相结合 ,对氯化镁水合物吸水和脱水过程进行了热力学研究。在不同温度下对MgCl2 ·4H2 O和MgCl2 ·2H2 O对水的吸附等温线所进行的数学模拟结果表明 ,Bolzmann函数是描述该等温线较为理想的方程。两种氯化镁水合物对水的吸附热分别为 -1 3 0 6kJ/mol和 -1 6 1 1kJ/mol。也给出了该吸附过程的吸附平衡常数。从所获得的数据来看 ,以部分脱水的氯化镁水合物为吸附剂来吸附水氯镁石脱水设备尾气中的水蒸气 ,从而使保护性气体HCl得以循环使用 ,从热力学角度而言存在这种可能性。     

青藏高原高寒草原生态系统CO2过程研究

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growing seasons.     

赣东北朱溪矿床云英脉型钨矿体及矽卡岩型钨铜矿体成因关系 ——来自石榴子石、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学及微量元素特征的证据

朱溪矿床是江南钨矿带中产于燕山期中酸性侵入岩与晚古生代碳酸盐岩接触带附近以矽卡岩矿体为主的钨铜矿床,发育“上铜下钨”的空间分带。浅部发育矽卡岩型和脉型铜矿体,深部发育矽卡岩型钨铜矿体、云英细脉-网脉型钨矿体及蚀变花岗岩型钨矿体。浅部矽卡岩型铜矿体中石榴子石U-Pb年龄为152.6±2.6 Ma、深部云英脉型钨矿体中白钨矿U-Pb年龄为153.4±2.2 Ma、深部矽卡岩型钨铜矿体中白钨矿U-Pb年龄为153.9±2.7 Ma,三者时代在误差范围内一致,表明钨、铜矿化均形成于同一热液体系,结合云英脉型钨矿体和矽卡岩型钨铜矿体中两类白钨矿的微量元素特征分析,流体起源于富WO₄^2-、低Sr的高分异岩浆热液,白钨矿是以Ca²⁺空位的方式置换REE³⁺,稀土元素的分配行为记录了不同类型矿化流体性质。云英脉型钨矿化形成于还原环境,且氧逸度的显著降低以及围岩提供大量Ca²⁺促进了白钨矿的沉淀,而矽卡岩型钨铜矿化为相对开放的热液体系,后期经历了氧逸度升高,增强了流体富集金属Cu的能力,从而萃取...     

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带得力斯坦南MOR型玄武岩地质、地球化学特征及岩石成因

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带发育有较多OIB型玄武岩, 这类玄武岩成因与地幔柱密切相关.与灰岩密切伴生的具有MOR型特征的基性火山岩亦是东昆仑南缘古特提斯洋盆一类重要的海山玄武岩.为了查明布青山构造混杂带中不同类型洋岛或海山玄武岩的岩石成因, 对得力斯坦南玄武岩进行了详细的地质、地球化学和岩石成因研究.布青山地区得力斯坦南出露的玄武岩岩石类型复杂多样, 主要由枕状玄武岩、气孔-杏仁状玄武岩、角砾状玄武岩和块状玄武岩组成.主量元素地球化学特征表明, 该套玄武岩属于深海拉斑玄武岩和洋脊拉斑玄武岩系列.得力斯坦南玄武岩∑REE介于34.51×10-6~61.60×10-6, LREE/HREE介于0.89~1.37, (La/Yb)_N介于0.30~0.56, δEu介于0.90~1.18.球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图呈现轻稀土元素亏损的左倾型, 与NMORB型玄武岩稀土元素配分曲线基本相同.得力斯坦南玄武岩Zr、Hf、Nb和Ta含量均相当于NMORB的相应元素的丰度值.Zr/Nb值介于24.59~57.69, Nb/La值介于0.45~0.94, Hf/Ta值介于18.29~31.94.在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上, 曲线右侧高场强元素基本未分异(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等), 并贴近于NMORB标准线, 具有与NMORB玄武岩相似而明显不同于EMORB和OIB型玄武岩的特征.微量元素判别表明其形成于洋中脊或由于洋脊扩张向两侧后移的洋中脊构造环境, 结合其上覆盖有深水硅泥岩及浅水厚层状碳酸盐岩的地质事实, 认为其在地形地貌上属于古海山.岩石成因研究表明该套玄武岩起源于亏损地幔(DM), 并估算其为地幔二辉橄榄岩发生约10%部分熔融的产物.      

西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希花岗闪长岩年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

为更深入了解西准噶尔晚古生代岩浆活动和构造背景,对位于西准噶尔中部的别鲁阿嘎希岩体开展了年代学、地球化学以及Sr-Nd同位素研究,讨论了岩石成因、源区性质和构造背景.别鲁阿嘎希花岗闪长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,岩浆锆石结晶年龄为318.7±3.3 Ma.其具相对高的MgO(Mg#=49~59)、Ni、Cr含量,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Sr和Ba)、亏损高强场元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti),轻重稀土元素分异不明显.Sr-Nd同位素特征显示,其有较低的初始Sr比值(0.704 297~0.704 399),较高的ε_Nd(t)值(5.8~6.5).通过综合分析,认为在晚石炭世早期,达尔布特洋壳(板片)俯冲至地幔楔下部,俯冲洋壳板片脱水所产生的流体在上升过程中与地幔楔共同作用,底侵加热由亏损地幔形成不久的年轻地壳(由洋壳和岛弧组成),使其部分熔融形成了别鲁阿嘎希分异I型花岗岩.      

西准噶尔谢米斯台西段花岗岩年代学、地球化学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征及大地构造意义

西准噶尔谢米斯台花岗岩研究程度偏低, 运用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素方法研究西准谢米斯台西段地区花岗岩, 结果表明: 谢米斯台岩体(427.6±2.3 Ma)和哈勒盖特希岩体(428.6±2.5 Ma)均形成于中志留世; 谢米斯台碱长花岗岩地球化学特征类似于Ⅰ型花岗岩, 哈勒盖特希碱长花岗岩地球化学特征类似于A型花岗岩; 锆石Hf同位素组成较均一, ε_Hf(t)=12.4~14.5, 二阶段模式年龄t_DM2变化范围在497~603 Ma之间, Ⅰ型花岗岩和A₂型花岗岩可能形成于后碰撞阶段的挤压-伸展转变期, 是中志留世额尔齐斯-斋桑洋壳向南俯冲至波谢库尔-成吉斯火山弧底部, 俯冲板片与岛弧底部岩石圈之间剪切带的物质发生变形、变质及部分熔融作用, 使得由亏损地幔形成不久的年轻地壳(由洋壳和岛弧组成)发生部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆经进一步分离结晶作用形成分异Ⅰ型花岗岩和高温、缺水A₂型花岗岩, A₂型花岗岩较Ⅰ型花岗岩分离结晶程度高.      

Choosing GIS graduate programs from afar: Chinese students' perspectives

With the increasing demands for geospatial analytics in industry and academia, the need for Geographic Information Systems/Science (GIS) education is on the rise. A growing number of departments in geography have launched or expanded their GIS graduate programs. However, the factors influencing students choosing GIS programs have not been examined yet. In this study, we looked at Chinese students applying for overseas GIS programs and examined factors influencing their decision-making. We distributed the survey in GISphere, one of the largest GIS international student communities, and 84 valid questionnaires were returned. We analyzed the spatial and demographic patterns of Chinese students applying for overseas GIS programs. We identify five main factors that affect their choices of GIS programs: (1) education quality and awareness, (2) physical, social, and political environments, (3) improved employment prospects, (4) personal recommendations, and (5) the application process. Our study offers implications for the development of GIS graduate programs. We anticipate that the conclusions drawn from this research will benefit and advance geography and GIS education globally.     

Characteristics of a ridge-transform inside corner intersection and associated mafic-hosted seafloor hydrothermal field (14.0°S,Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Morphotectonic analysis of the inside corner intersection (14.0°S) between the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Cardno fracture zone indicate a young rough massif emerging after the termination of a previous oceanic core complex. The massif, which hosts an off-axis hydrothermal field, is characterized by a magmatic inactive volcanic structure, based on geologic mapping and sample studies. Mineralogical analyses show that the prominent hydrothermal deposit was characterized by massive pyrite-marcasite breccias with silica-rich gangue minerals. Geochemical analyses of the sulfide breccias indicate two element groups: the Fe-rich ore mineral group and silica-rich gangue mineral group. Rare earth element distribution patterns showing coexistence of positive Eu anomalies and negative Ce anomalies suggest that sulfides were precipitated from diffused discharge resulted from mixing between seawater and vent fluids. Different from several low temperature hydrothermal systems occurring on other intersection dome-like massifs that are recognized as detachment fault surfaces associated with variably metamorphosed ultramafic rocks, the 14.0°S field, hosted in gabbroic-basaltic substrate, is inferred to be of a high temperature system and likely to be driven by deep high temperature gabbroic intrusions. Additionally, the subsurface fossil detachment fault is also likely to play an important role in focusing hydrothermal fluids.