不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征

为使流体包裹体研究结果得到较好的解释,避免矿床地质描述与流体包裹体研究结果发生矛盾,本文试图以金矿床为例,建立科学而简便易行的矿床地质与包裹体特征之间的链接。为此,本文简单评述了现有金矿床成因分类方案,建议以主导成矿系统发育的地质作用特征划分5种类型:①浆控高温热液型,包括斑岩型、爆破角砾岩型、铁氧化物型、夕卡岩型等岩浆热液型矿床;②造山型,即变质热液型;③浅成低温热液型——陆相火山岩-次火山岩中的改造热液型;④微细粒浸染型(卡林型或/类卡林型)——沉积岩容矿的改造热液型;⑤热水沉积型(VMS 型和 SEDEX 型)——水下喷出地表的改造热液型。然后,分别介绍了5类成矿系统的标志性地质和流体包裹体特征,找出了它们之间具有成因标志意义的关键性差异;将成矿流体分为改造、变质和岩浆3个端元性成分,发现多数热液矿床具有多阶段多因复成的特点,晚阶段流体均为改造热液或有大量改造热液注入,因此指出,晚阶段的流体、蚀变和矿化特征不能用于判别矿床成因和类型,只有早阶段的特征才能准确指示矿床成因和类型。改造热液以低温、低盐度、低 CO_2含量为特征,主要来自大气降水和/或海水;变质热液以中温、低盐度、高 CO_2含量为特征,而岩浆热液则以高温、高盐度、高 CO_2含量为特征;岩浆热液矿床发育含多种子晶包裹体和高盐度富 CO_2的包襄体,变质热液矿床发育低盐度富 CO_2包裹体,改造热液矿床总体缺乏含子晶包裹体和富/含 CO_2包襄体,大量发育水溶液包裹体。最后,讨论了各类成矿系统发育的岩石圈构造背景,如造山型矿床形成于地壳挤压造山-变质-隆升过程,热水沉积型矿床形成于地壳拉张成盆过程,古生代或更早的浅成低温热液型矿床只能保存在增生型造山带等,提出矿床及其包裹体是研究大陆动力学的理想探针。     

Application of ENVISAT ASAR Data in Mapping Rice Crop Growth in Southern China

This research letter presents preliminary results of mapping rice crop growth using ENVISAT advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) alternating polarization HH/HV data. Four ASAR HH/HV images were collected in the early rice-growth cycle in the test site in 2006, and the temporal response of ASAR data to the rice field was analyzed. The height and biomass of rice were measured during acquisition of ASAR data, and empirical relationships were established between the backscattering coefficient and these two parameters. Based on the temporal variation of the radar response, a method for mapping a rice growth area was developed using the combination of ASAR HH and HV polarization data between two acquisition dates. The results confirm that C-band SAR data have great potential in the development of an operational system for monitoring rice crop growth in Southern China.     

Experimental verification of a wireless sensing and control system for structural control using MR dampers

The performance aspects of a wireless ‘active’ sensor, including the reliability of the wireless communication channel for real‐time data delivery and its application to feedback structural control, are explored in this study. First, the control of magnetorheological (MR) dampers using wireless sensors is examined. Second, the application of the MR‐damper to actively control a half‐scale three‐storey steel building excited at its base by shaking table is studied using a wireless control system assembled from wireless active sensors. With an MR damper installed on each floor (three dampers total), structural responses during seismic excitation are measured by the system's wireless active sensors and wirelessly communicated to each other; upon receipt of response data, the wireless sensor interfaced to each MR damper calculates a desired control action using an LQG controller implemented in the wireless sensor's computational core. In this system, the wireless active sensor is responsible for the reception of response data, determination of optimal control forces, and the issuing of command signals to the MR damper. Various control solutions are formulated in this study and embedded in the wireless control system including centralized and decentralized control algorithms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈电视天气预报节目解说词的编写

目前,山西省的电视天气预报节目主持人大都不是气象专业人员,因此,解说词的编写质量高低就成了整个天气预报节目能否取得观众认可的一个重要因素。要编一份成功的解说词,不仅要及时掌握大量的实时气象信息,也要充分了解本地天气气候背景,还要学习积累气象科普、专业服务等多方面的知识,并运用娴熟的文学技巧,从通俗易懂的角度向观众朋友们传递方便实用的气象信息。     

三门峡地区黄土L9的重磁化现象及原因探析

对黄河三门峡地区曹村黄土剖面L₁至L₁₃(年代持续约1.1Ma)的高分辨率古地磁研究发现:布容/松山界线位于第8层古土壤(S₈)的顶部,贾拉米洛正极性亚时的顶、底界分别位于S₁₀和L₁₃的顶部,上述古地磁极性转换界线与洛川标准剖面一致。“上粉砂层”(L₉)的绝大多数样品特征剩磁方向与现代地磁场方向一致,而其中的弱发育古土壤层(L₉SS₁)则呈预期的反极性特征。综合L₉的厚度、岩性和岩石磁学特征,认为这一巨厚的正极性带可能反映了完全由岩性所控制的重磁化特征。对于L₉重磁化的原因,似乎很难用后生的化学剩磁和粘滞剩磁来解释。文章尝试性地提出,可能在L₉沉积后的间冰期(对应S₈)和布容正极性时内气候较湿润的时期,由于雨水的向下渗透而诱导了其中强磁性矿物(磁铁矿)在沉积后随地磁场方向的变化而进行了重新排列。     

自适应模糊规则分类方法及在TM土地覆盖分类中的应用研究

根据自组织网络和模糊逻辑推理,实现土地覆盖自适应模糊规则分类方法。该方法通过网络的节点和权值提取出模糊规则,调整网络中节点个数(即相应增加规则节点数)和权值向量,使模糊规则自动生成,并利用模糊逻辑推理,完成TM土地覆盖分类。对拒分类的像元,自适应增加K值使其可分。该方法所得分类精度及Kapp系数与最大似然分类方法结果相比分别提高了2.7%和2.9%;与自组织网络相比,总精度相差不大,而Kapp系数低1%。实验证明,如何提取和表示非光谱知识,从而解决类别混淆等问题,是提高自适应模糊规则分类性能的关键     

安达曼弧段强震与中国大陆西部强震相关性的讨论

分析了安达曼弧段强震与中国大陆西部强震的活动特征,从强震的空间分布格局、板块边界动力学数值模拟、数理统计等方面讨论了两区强震活动的相关性。结果表明两区强震活动存在较强的相关性,近期安达曼弧段强震活跃态势将会对大陆西部未来1年及稍长时段的强震活动产生深远的影响。     

贵州旅游地学资源初探

根据贵州特点,将贵州旅游源分为９大类：地学景观类,地学遗迹类,水文景观类,运动、疗养、休闲、度假类,天象景观类,生物景观类,人文景观类,民族风性类和土特产品类。为合理开发和保护贵州旅游资源,作者提出了一些建议。     

浓集值在矿床预测中的应用

有用物质可否成为矿床,取决于某元素含量与最低工业品位的比值。使用浓集值可以预测和判定找矿矿种一成矿元素,发现新的矿产地。     

“3S”技术在煤田勘查中的应用

讨论了“３Ｓ”技术用于煤田地质勘探的优越性,分析了“３Ｓ”技术在烟田地质勘查领域的应用现状及存在的问题,并展望了应用前景。