辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组沉积特征及其演化

在充分利用岩芯、录井、测井等相关资料的基础上,总结辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组的沉积相类型,首次提出运用相对单因素综合作图法来绘制各沉积时期的沉积相平面图,综合探讨了沙河街组的沉积特征及空间沉积演化规律。结果表明:欢喜岭地区沙河街组主要发育扇三角洲相、湖底扇相、滨浅湖相和半深湖—深湖相4种沉积相类型;扇三角洲砂体为欢喜岭地区主要的储集砂体,在沙河街组沉积时期持续发育,主要发育于盆地缓坡部位;湖底扇主要发育在SQ3和SQ4沉积时期,主要分布在广阔的半深湖—深湖环境内;相对单因素综合作图法可以弥补传统的沉积相作图方法精度低的不足;沙河街组的沉积相垂向演化的旋回性明显,自下而上分为两个水进旋回,分别为SQ2～SQ5沉积时期和SQ6、SQ7沉积时期;每个水进旋回初期,盆地构造活动相对较弱,水体较浅,扇三角洲沉积广泛发育,湖底扇沉积规模较小;每个水进旋回中后期,盆地构造活动强度大,湖盆水体加深,扇三角洲规模减小,而湖底扇沉积规模明显扩大,形成非常有利的储集砂体,在研究区广泛发育,是研究区深层勘探的有利目标之一。     

The research of sea-land breeze (SLB) on the west coast of Bohai Bay based on field observation

Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On "Sea-Land Breeze" (SLB) days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations’ distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term "Climatic Coastal Zone" can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.     

位于日冕微波区的微波III型爆发界面频率的发现

在北京天文台１．０－２．０ＧＨｚ射电频谱仪记录到的１９９４年１月５日爆发图上，首次发现一界面频率位于１２４０ＭＨｚ与１３４０ＭＨｚ之间的微波ＩＩ型爆发对，其频漂率为－０．２２ＧＨｚ／ｓ和＋０．２３ＧＨｚ／ｓ．由此推出电子加速区位于光球之上３．７×１０４ｋｍ的高度，电子加速区及ＩＩ型爆发形成区的高度范围约为１０００公里，而电子束的速度相应为０．１０２ｃ及０．１０６ｃ．     

工业开采诱发地震的应力降研究现状和主要科学议题

诱发地震及其灾害风险已成为非常规油气资源开发和废水回注等新型工业活动顺利实施的重要威胁。应力降是反映地震破裂前后断层上平均应力差的物理量,对诱发地震中应力降的系统研究有助于揭示诱发地震的震源特征、高频地震动特征、构造背景和地震危险性。本文系统地总结了近20年来工业开采诱发地震中应力降的相关研究进展,分别从计算所用理论方法、获得的平均应力降数值、影响应力降数值的主客观因素、围绕应力降的重要科学讨论等方面做了归纳分析。介绍了直接进行谱拟合、经验格林函数(EGF)、谱叠加和广义反演3种适用性的计算方法,通过案例考察了工业开采诱发地震的应力降平均值,分析影响应力降测定数值的主客观因素,并总结应力降空间分布依赖性、与震源机制类型相依性、自相似性、深度依赖性等4个主要科学问题。同时,阐述了诱发地震应力降的测定可靠性仍未突破、主要科学问题存在广泛争议、在新型工业开采活动中具有重要应用潜力等现状。本文的总结分析可为从事新型能源开发、地震安全监管和科学研究领域的企业、管理人员和科学研究人员提供参考。     

伪随机源时间域航空电磁响应系统辨识

在时间域航空电磁系统中,采用高频伪随机序列作为激励源是实现浅层高分辨地质探测的有效途径。为了提高大地脉冲响应的辨识精度,在基本相关辨识方法的基础上,本文提出了一种基于时间域循环相关计算的高精度辨识方法,通过消除旁瓣效应影响和在时间域下求解维纳-霍夫方程获取大地脉冲响应。数值模拟仿真结果表明,辨识大地响应相对误差均方根为2.2×10^-7,早期大地响应辨识误差小于10^-10。该高精度辨识方法具有较好的噪声压制能力,在观测时间较短时,单周期辨识提升的信噪比为8.7 dB,优于同等条件下线性叠加降噪方法提升的信噪比6.1 dB。     

Investigating the impacts of typhoon-induced floods on the agriculture in the central region of Vietnam by using hydrological models and satellite data

Flooding associated with landing tropical cyclones (TCs) is one of the major natural hazards in the coastal region of Vietnam. Annually, approximately 5 or 6 TCs make landfall in Vietnam, bringing heavy rains and inducing flooding, particularly to the central coastal region because of its topography and geographic configuration. This study focuses on the modelling of typhoon-induced floods that have resulted in widespread damage to agriculture over the central Thua Thien Hue Province of Vietnam by coupling two well-known hydrological models, KINEROS2 and HEC-RAS (Daniel et al. in Open Hydrol J 5(1), 2011), and using GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) data as the satellite rainfall input. Landsat imagery and GIS are also used for mapping and analysing the inundated areas. The discharge and water level from the KINEROS2 and HEC-RAS models displayed acceptable results for the floods modelled from three selected typhoons; both the Nash–Sutcliffe simulation efficiency coefficient (NSE) and the coefficient of determination (R²) were greater than 0.6. The simulated inundation maps of these typhoon-induced floods were compared with those extracted from the Landsat imagery to assess consistency. The result revealed a similar spatial extension of the inundated agricultural areas. This information, together with the forecasted TC movements and associated rainfalls, will be helpful to plan methods for mitigating potential typhoon-induced flooding and damage, particularly damage to agricultural regions.     

四川盆地东北缘灯影组核形石特征及环境意义

四川盆地紫阳麻柳地区震旦系灯影组中见有核形石发育。通过野外剖面实测、偏光显微镜和场发射扫描电镜等手段,对核形石的形态、结构、形成环境及其主控因素进行研究,结果表明:麻柳灯影组核形石主要集中在灯四段中上部,其可分为四类:Ⅰ类正常核形石,Ⅱ类正常复合核形石,Ⅲ类薄皮核形石,Ⅳ类薄皮复合核形石,且以Ⅰ类为主。核形石形态以球形为主,可见少量椭球形、棒形以及不规则形态。紫阳麻柳地区灯影组核形石的形成受灯影组充足的物质基础、适宜的中-高能水动力条件以及低陆源碎屑物质的注入等因素共同控制。通过研究该区核形石沉积环境可知,灯影组四段的沉积环境为中-高能浅缓坡沉积相带。