倾斜界面和各向异性地层对H-κ搜索结果的影响

本文使用控制变量法,通过理论合成接收函数,研究了倾斜界面的倾角大小、埋藏深度和各向异性地层的各向异性大小、地层厚度、快轴的倾斜角度五个地层参数对不同方位角接收函数的H(地壳厚度)-κ(波速比)搜索结果的影响.研究表明,倾斜界面使下倾方向的H估计值偏小,κ估计值偏大,且偏离程度和倾斜角度成正比关系,而对上倾方向的H、κ估计值影响不大.水平轴各向异性地层(HTI介质)使所有方位角的H估计值偏大,但不同方位角的H估计值变化不大,与快轴夹角较小方位角的κ估计值严重偏小,而且这种偏离程度与各向异性大小和各向异性地层厚度成正比.倾斜轴的各向异性地层使不同方位角的H估计值可能偏大或偏小,而κ估计值随方位角的变化规律和水平轴各向异性地层基本一致.     

Statistical interpretation of the daily variation of urban water consumption in Beijing,China

Abstract

The efficient planning and design of water networks, as well as the management and strategies of existing water supply systems, require accurate short-term water demand forecasts. In this study, a statistical model for the estimation of daily urban water consumption was developed. The model was applied to analyse and forecast the daily water consumption in the main district of Beijing, China, from 2006 to 2010. The model exhibited good performance with a coefficient of determination, R², greater than 0.9 in both the calibration and validation periods. The results indicate that: (a) the 7-day moving average temperature is an efficient variable that can be used to depict water-use variation in a year; (b) a daily maximum temperature of 31.1°C and the occurrence of precipitation are two thresholds of water-use behaviour; and (c) the current day’s water consumption has a strong correlation with the consumption of one, two and seven days ago.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Yang

Citation Zhang, D.W., et al., 2013. Statistical interpretation of the daily variation of urban water consumption in Beijing, China. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 181–192.     

Mass Balance Study on Phosphorus Removal in Constructed Wetland Microcosms Treating Polluted River Water

A number of studies have showed that the mass removal rates of phosphorus (P) in different constructed wetlands (CWs) varied significantly, and it is essential to quantify the contributions of major P removal processes in order to improve system design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and water temperature on P removal from polluted river water and to quantify the contributions of different P removal pathways in surface CWs. Results showed that the average total P removal rates ranged between 2.69 and 20.84 mg/(m² day) in different seasons and were influenced significantly by vegetation, HRT, and water temperature. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 4.81–22.33% of P input, while media storage contributed 36.16–49.66%. Other P removal processes such as microbiota uptake removed around 0.26–4.13%. Media storage and plant uptake were identified as the main P removal processes in surface CWs treating polluted river water. This illustrated the importance of selecting media and plants in CWs for future practical application.     

一种基于PPI的高光谱数据矿物信息自动提取方法

本文通过分析PPI算法后续处理存在的问题,引入最大距离法(MD)实现基于PPI的端元自动分类,并将获得的未知端元在波谱库中遍历以匹配最佳地类,最终完成基于PPI端元的矿物信息的自动提取。实验采用美国内华达州Cuprite地区的机载AVIRIS和我国东天山地区的星载Hyperion高光谱遥感数据,利用IDL编程实现矿物信息的自动提取,通过对实验结果的比较分析,验证了本文方法的有效性和实用性。     

瞬时频率属性在沉积相研究中的应用-以白音查干凹陷西部腾格尔组为例

利用白音查干地区的测井、录井及地震资料。通过定性、定量两种手段进行瞬时频率与岩性的相关性分析,认为瞬时频率能够较好的区分砂泥岩。当砂岩百分比小于0.12时,瞬时频率属性为低频;当砂岩百分比为0.16～0.33时,瞬时频率为高频。通过瞬时频率切片与沉积相平面展布图对比分析发现,不同相类型的砂体在瞬时频率切片中具有明显不同的特征,辫状河三角洲砂体表现为沿物源方向延伸的枝状或朵状中高频区,滩砂表现为不规则滩状的高频区,坝砂在盆地边缘呈高频带状分布。此外,瞬时频率还可以进行物源分析、三角洲朵叶体识别和扇体叠置识别,是进行沉积体系、砂体展布和储层预测等方面研究的重要手段。     

Investigation of earthquake tsunami sources, capable of affecting Vietnamese coast

Based on the analysis of tectonic feature and geodynamic characteristics of regional faults systems in the southeast Asia, 9 source zones capable of generating tsunamis affecting Vietnamese coast were delineated in the South China Sea and adjacent sea areas. Statistical methods were applied to estimate the seismic hazard parameters for each source zone, which can be used for the detail tsunami hazard assessment in the future. Maximum earthquake magnitude is predicted for the Manila Trench (8.3?C8.7), the Sulu Sea (8.0?C8.4), and the Selebes Sea source zones (8.1?C8.5). Among the source zones, the Manila Trench, west of the Philippines is considered as a most potential tsunami source, affecting the Vietnamese coast. The estimated M _max values were used to develop simple scenarios (with a point source assumption) to calculate the tsunami travel time from each source zone to the Vietnamese coast. The results show that for the Manila Trench source zone, tsunami can hit the Vietnamese coast in 2?h at the earliest.     

三维激光扫描仪在惠泉变电站三维模型构建中的应用

文中通过利用地面三维激光扫描仪获取的空间数据,进行了惠泉变电站三维空间地物建模研究。首先探讨点的密度对数据采集的影响;然后通过整体匹配纠正并对原始测量数据进行拼接配准;最后建立了三维表面模型。通过研究发现利用三维激光扫描技术可以快速建立三维空间的可视化模型,解决了传统的测量仪器与测量方法在变电站等特殊领域的不足。为能够实现变电站资源的数字化,提供了一个变电站三维模型构建的新方向。     

庐枞矿集区大地电磁探测及电性结构初探

在庐枞矿集区开展大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)工作,有助于研究庐枞矿集区区域地质结构、构造,同时,对强干扰地区大地电磁下扰信号规律的研究和MT数据的处理与解释水平的提高有着重要的理论意义.论文首先阐述了庐枞盆地的地质概况及深部MT探测的研究现状,接着介绍了庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深数据采集及相关实验研...     

气相色谱-质谱法初步鉴定不同品质的麝香

通过气相色谱-质谱法对不同麝香样品乙醇提取物进行初步定性分析,以判断不同麝香样品的品质。结果表明,天然麝香样品中除含有效成分麝香酮外,还含有多种甾类化合物;而几种市售麝香样品中有些仅麝香酮含量较为显著,几乎不含甾类化合物,其他物质为高级脂肪酸(酯)。通过乙醇提取气相色谱-质谱法可简单、快速、有效鉴定不同麝香的品质。     

内蒙古半拉山钼矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb与辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其成矿动力学背景

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗半拉山钼矿床位于大兴安岭南段,是新发现的中型爆破角砾岩型钼矿床.半拉山钼矿区内流纹岩围岩和花岗斑岩岩脉的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别是(157.5±3.3)Ma和(126.3±2.1)Ma,而辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(136.1±6.6)Ma(MSWD=0.42),表明成矿作...