地洼学说的理论结构和发展纲领

地洼学说(活化区理论)自1956年诞生以来,经受过35年的实践检验,已发展成为包括五个组成部分和两个衍生学科的理论体系。它的理论结构是以第一个组成部分,即大陆地壳中发生于地台阶段之后,与地槽区不同特征的一种新型活动区—活化区即地洼区概念为内核,保护层为其余的组成部分和衍生学科,即地壳动定转化递进说、递进(地洼)成矿理论、壳体概念和地幔蠕动热能聚散交替假说,以及构造地球化学和成矿构造学。 地洼学说是属于作者建立的“历史—因果论大地构造学”范畴,它的发展纲领应是运用“历史—动力综合分析法”的研究方法,贯彻理论实践并重和切合生产需要的学术路线,采用充实和加固内核以及调整某些保护层的方式,按照自我完善与学百家之长相结合的原则,研究领域包括学说本身的进一步发展和运用它以解决实际问题。 内核的充实和加固包括两个方面;(1)理论方面的研究,例如地洼区的鉴别依据、类型划分、形成时代、分布地区、地壳运动等方面的问题。(2)实用方面的研究,例如运用区域地质、成矿规律及找矿预测、地热、水文地质、地貌、新构造等方面的问题。     

干旱绿洲农业区村庄多功能特征与类型划分研究——以临泽县为例

村庄是最能直接体现乡村经济社会活动规律的单元,落实到村级层面的功能类型划分是分类推进乡村振兴的关键。以行政村为基本单元,采用熵权法、泰尔指数及优势功能模型,构建适用于村庄发展功能识别与类型划分的研究思路,并以西北干旱绿洲农业区临泽县为例进行实证研究。结果表明：干旱绿洲农业区总体形成以农产品生产和生态保育为主的国土空间格局,村庄形成农业种植、畜牧养殖、工业加工、商贸旅游、劳务输出、生活保障等多功能地域综合体,其中农产品生产和生活保障功能总体空间差异较小,而非农生产功能空间差异较大。村庄因资源禀赋、规划引导、政策驱动和社会需求差异形成不同的优势功能类型,空间上呈现“外围生态、沿河种植、中部农牧、临城劳务,文旅、商旅、生活保障以政府驻地及附近村庄为主”的分布规律,并形成非农生产功能镶嵌于农业生产功能之中、生产生活功能被生态保育功能包围的分布格局。通过自上而下主体功能统筹与自下而上经济社会需求相结合的方法进行村庄发展功能识别和类型划分具有较强的适用性和实践指导价值,在巩固国家主体功能定位、保障国家粮食和生态安全的同时,可以调整优化县域资源要素配置,实现村庄发展功能互补与功能协调。     

Polar Low genesis over the North Pacific under different global warming scenarios

Following an earlier climatological study of North Pacific Polar Lows by employing dynamical downscaling of NCEP1 reanalysis in the regional climate model COSMO-CLM, the characteristics of Polar Low genesis over the North Pacific under different global warming scenarios are investigated. Simulations based on three scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios were conducted using a global climate model (ECHAM5) and used to examine systematic changes in the occurrence of Polar Lows over the twenty first century. The results show that with more greenhouse gas emissions, global air temperature would rise, and the frequency of Polar Lows would decrease. With sea ice melting, the distribution of Polar Low genesis shows a northward shift. In the scenarios with stronger warming there is a larger reduction in the number of Polar Lows.     

Prediction of Land Subsidence Under Cyclic Pumping Based on Laboratory and Numerical Simulations

In this study subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal was investigated. Kerman Province in Iran is struggling with land subsidence problem due to extensive groundwater withdrawal mainly for farming. The rate and type of groundwater withdrawal has very important impact on settlement rate. In this research, effective parameters on land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal were determined by laboratory tests. Sampling had done up to depth of 300 m mainly with remolded specimens from Shams-abad, Nouq plain in Kerman province. Similar to the field preconsolidation pressure was applied on specimens in the laboratory. Rate of applied stress on prepared specimens was similar to effect of oscillation of groundwater level. In order to model the actual soil behavior in the laboratory, one-dimensional consolidation device (odometer) was adopted for testing. In these tests, the effect of loading caused by seasonal oscillation of groundwater table is considered by means of cyclic loading in the testing which has great effect on rate of settlements. The results of tests show that when the water table level periodically increases and decreases the amount of settlement decrease, comparing with the case when the groundwater table drop to a constant level. In order to predict the further effects of groundwater level oscillation and actual field condition on land subsidence, a finite element model based on Biots’ three-dimensional consolidation theory was developed. After calibration of finite element model with laboratory tests, this model was used for prediction the effect of groundwater level oscillation on actual field conditions.     

西菲律宾海沉积物稀土元素地球化学

对取自西菲律宾海区3个沉积物柱样（WP1、WP2和WP40）的32个样品的稀土元素（REE）地球化学行为进行了系统的研究。区内沉积物表现出以下特征：①稀土元素含量及总量（ZREE）较低，WP1、WP2和WP40孔的ΣREE依次为72．91×10－6，54．15×10－6和54．18×10－6，REE在粘土粒级中得到了较大富集；②REE球粒陨石标准化的分布模式曲线表现为负斜率，富集轻稀土，WP1、WP2和WP40孔LREE／HREE比值平均值为37．36，26．33和17．16，页岩标准化曲线大致呈水平；③与球粒陨石和页岩相比，Ce都表现为强烈的亏损；以球粒陨石为标准，WP40孔表现为弱的Eu正异常，其他两孔表现为弱的Eu负异常；以页岩为标准，皆显示Eu正异常；④ΣREE纵向变化曲线与CaCO3旋回曲线有良好的对应关系。上述特征表明：①沉积物的来源复杂，有陆源、火山源、生物源和自生源，在所研究的三个孔中，WP1孔含有较多的陆源物质，WP2和WP40含有较多的火山物质；②被粘土吸附是本区REE重要的存在形式；③沉积物形成环境为氧化条件；④据ΣREE的纵向变化曲线与CaCO3旋回曲线，将本区沉积物自下而上划分为末次冰期亚间冰期沉积、冰期最盛期沉积和全新世沉积。     

Impacts of SW Monsoon on Phytoplankton Community Structure Along the Western Coastal BOB: an HPLC Approach

The major Indian rivers bring significant amount of freshwater along with inorganic nutrients and sediment load in to the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) during the southwest monsoon (SWM); the southern bay does not experience equal freshening. This contrasting pattern may considerably impact the physicochemical features and phytoplankton community composition in this bay and was investigated during a coastal cruise during the SWM covering eight river plumes from both northern and southern bay; phytoplankton pigments and physicochemical parameters were analysed from different depths (0, 10, 25, and 50 m). Significant freshening, stratification and warmer waters were noticed in the northern bay relative to its southern part. Phytoplankton pigment analysis and diagnostic pigment-based size class analysis revealed the dominance of microphytoplankton (mainly diatoms) in the northern bay and were mostly confined to the surface waters. Their abundance was positively correlated with dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations and inversely with salinity. Nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton (prymnesiophytes, chrysophytes and cyanophytes) were mostly noticed in the subsurface waters and dominated the southern bay. This finding suggests that the dominance of microphytoplankton in the northern bay may significantly contribute to higher particle flux which has been reported earlier. Therefore, any modification in future river discharge, which is in turn related to the intensity of Indian summer monsoon, will alter the phytoplankton community structure in the coastal BOB and may be further cascaded to the other vital ecosystem components like fisheries resources, organic carbon export flux and benthic production.     

变结构滑行艇斜浪航行耐波性数值分析

为改善传统滑行艇在波浪环境中耐波性问题,提出了一种兼具快速性与耐波性的变结构滑行艇,通过收放两侧片体实现滑单体形态与三体形态之间自由转换。为分析片体在斜浪航行中的减摇效果,采用数值方法对滑行艇2种形态在斜浪航行中的耐波性进行对比分析,结果表明：片体能够起到减横横摇作用,且其减横摇效果在单体形态的共振区域内最明显,在βw=60°时,片体最多能减少70.45%的横摇幅值。     

Intensified Eastward and Northward Propagation of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Equatorial Indian Ocean in a Global Warming Scenario

Northward propagation in summer and eastward propagation in winter are two distinguished features of tropical intraseasonal oscillation(TISO) over the equatorial Indian Ocean.According to numerical modeling results,under a global warming scenario,both propagations were intensified.The enhanced northward propagation in summer can be attributed to the enhanced atmosphere-ocean interaction and the strengthened mean southerly wind;and the intensified eastward propagation in winter is associated with the enhanced convection-wind coupling process and the strengthened equatorial Kevin wave.Future changes of TISO propagations need to be explored in more climate models.