Dynamic behavior of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway embankment in permafrost regions under trained-induced vertical loads

The unfrozen water content and ice content of frozen soil change continuously with varying temperatures, resulting in the temperature dependence of mechanical properties of frozen soil. Thus the dynamic behavior of embankment in permafrost regions under train loading also alters with seasons. Based on a series of strong-motion tests that were carried out on the traditional embankment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) in permafrost regions, the acceleration waveforms recorded at the embankment shoulder and slope toes were obtained. Testing results show an obvious attenuation effect on the vertical train loading from road shoulder to slope toes. Furthermore, numerical simulations of a traditional embankment under vertical train loading in different seasons were conducted, and the dynamic behavior of the embankment was described. The results show that the vibration attenuation in the cold season is greater than that in the warm season. The maximum acceleration of vibration drops to about 5% when the train vibration load is transferred through the embankment into the permafrost, and the high-frequency components are absorbed when the vibration transmits downward. Moreover, the dynamic stress under the dynamic train loading decreases exponentially with an increasing depth in different seasons. The results can be a reference for design and maintenance of embankments in permafrost regions.     

南阳市地质灾害现状及防治对策

南阳市自然地质条件复杂 ,生态环境脆弱 ,不仅分布有特殊不良的环境地质条件和由人类活动引起的环境地质问题 ,而且存在严重的地质灾害。该文在论述南阳市环境地质条件的基础上 ,阐述了南阳市地质灾害发育类型、分布特征及危害程度 ,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

树轮记录的阿尼玛卿山区过去 830年夏半年最高温变化*

利用采自黄河源区阿尼玛卿山的祁连圆柏(Juniperus prezewalskii)样芯,采用国际规范的树轮学研究方法对所有树轮样芯进行了精确定年。针对各样芯不同的生长趋势分别采用负指数函数、线性函数和样条函数拟合与树龄有关的树木生长趋势。对个别在样芯中存在缺失段或缺失年轮过多难以准确判定缺失位置的样芯,采用"搭桥"的方法建立完整序列,最后用ARSTAN软件计算合成树轮宽度年表,最长序列为1532a,在满足复本要求的基础上建立了长度为830a的树轮宽度年表,并对年表的基本统计特征进行了分析。初步的分析结果表明该年表的年轮指数与研究区夏季温度成显著负相关,并在此基础上重建了研究区过去830年来夏半年(4~9月)平均最高温的变化。重建序列包含有大量的高频变化信息,又有十分显著的低频变化趋势。研究区在重建时段内经历了3个较为显著的降温期,其中1820s~1900s的降温趋势不同于该时期全球平均温度的升高趋势。另外,分析表明在重建时段内升温期较短,但是升温幅度大于降温幅度,迅速升温可能导致研究区严重干旱事件的发生。     

Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China

Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment.     

基于局部惩罚型变权的建设用地生态适宜性空间模糊评价——以陕西延安宝塔区为例

生态适宜性评价有助于优化建设用地空间布局,针对生态适宜性的模糊性以及常权评价的不足,采用局部惩罚型变权来改进空间模糊综合评价方法,并合理确定惩罚水平,能有效突出瓶颈因素对评价结果的限制性作用,更好体现生态适宜性评价的渐变性和模糊性,合理反映生态适宜性状况.结果显示:调权水平为0.25,惩罚水平α为0.841 8时,变权...     

转基因植物释放的潜在生态学效应

转基因植物的大量释放有可能对自然环境中原有生物产生潜在的生态风险。国内外都开展了转基因植物生态学效应的实验研究。综合研究成果,转基因植物的大规模释放,可能使转入的外源基因流向其近缘物种,产生更加难以控制的杂草;也可能直接或间接的威胁许多非靶标有益生物的生存与繁衍;也可能促使目标害虫的抗性进化;也可能导致生物多样性的丧失和对生态系统的破坏。在抗病毒转基因植物中,可能发生病毒重组而产生新的病毒。因此,应尽快构建转基因植物的生态风险评估体系,对转基因植物释放的潜在生态学影响进行长期的监测监控研究。     

Hydro-mechanical coupled analysis of near-wellbore fines migration from unconsolidated reservoirs

Oil or gas production from unconsolidated reservoirs could be hampered by sand migration near the wellbore. This paper presents a numerical investigation of production-induced migration of fine sands towards a wellbore drilled in a gap-graded sediment. The solid–fluid interaction is simulated by coupling the discrete element method and the dynamic fluid mesh. With the merit of DEM and a dynamic mesh, the model is capable of naturally capturing particle movements and spatiotemporal variations of hydraulic properties of the sediment at the pore scale. The results show that fine particles are mobilized by radial flow under an imposed hydraulic gradient, and the increase in the hydraulic gradient causes an increase in the fines production. The microscopic pattern of sand migration is clearly visualized through the simulation. The presence of fine particles affects the process of fines migration through two competing mechanisms. Under a low fine content, fine sands mainly serve as the fines production source, and thus, fines production is enhanced as the fine content increases up to a critical value, beyond which fines production is weakened with a further increase in the fine content since the blocking effect gradually dominates. A barrier layer is likely formed during sand migration due to settling and jamming of fine sands at the throats of pores, as fine sands migrate with the radial flow towards the wellbore. This layer is helpful to slow down sand migration, while it could impede production due to reduced permeability in the affected reservoir.

     

A mobile polar atmospheric parameter measurement system:II. First atmospheric turbulence observation at Antarctic Taishan Station

This is the second paper of a series devoted to atmospheric optical turbulence Cn2 observation using a mobile polar atmospheric parameter measurement system. We present the initial results of Cn2 measu...