基于大倾角卫星轨道跟踪数据的月球重力场模型仿真解算

本文针对已有月球探测任务主要为极轨的特点,仿真分析了大倾角轨道卫星跟踪数据在月球重力场解算中的贡献.文中针对极轨道、77°倾角和极轨道结合77°倾角轨道三种情况各三个月的轨道跟踪数据进行了月球重力场模型仿真解算,通过重力场功率谱、基于解算模型位系数协方差矩阵的重力异常及月球大地水准面误差以及精密定轨等手段对解算模型进行...     

可控源海洋电磁勘探中空气波影响的理论分析和数值模拟

可控源海洋电磁勘探(MCSEM)中空气波对海底电磁响应的影响已为业界所熟知,且已提出了多种压制方法.然而,由于空气波与海水层中其它信号相互作用的复杂性,至今其作用机理及对有效信号的影响方式尚未完全清楚,这也阻碍了浅水域MCSEM油气勘探的应用.本文在前人研究的基础上, 基于一维层状介质的电磁位和电磁场分析,采用电磁场的模式分解理论导出了空气、海水层和海底地层之间的相互作用关系.分析了MCSEM电磁响应的影响因素和空气波的作用机理.以无限水深假想模型、三层介质模型和四层介质模型为基础,导出了水平电偶极子(HED)的横电(TE)和横磁(TM)模式的电磁场关系,分析显示了前人提出的上下行波分离进行空气波压制所存在的缺陷.通过理论和数值模拟知道, 利用横电(TE)和横磁(TM)模式受空气相互作用影响的差异和电磁场水平分量与垂直分量受空气层相互作用影响程度的不同可减弱空气波对有效信号的影响,这将有助于实现浅水域海洋电磁勘探数据的有效利用.     

2009年1月强爆发性增温期间突发E(Es)层的响应

平流层爆发性增温(SSW)期间,低层大气温度场和风场等的剧烈变化会直接影响潮汐和风剪切作用.此举可能会导致电离层Es的相应变化.本文以2009年1月事件为例,分析了SSW期间Es层的响应.首先,在排除太阳活动和地磁活动对Es层影响的前提下,分析了昆明站附近MLT区域行星波和潮汐波的波动特性,发现此期间存在显著的2日行星波,并伴有日潮汐减弱和半日潮汐增强等波动现象;随后,分析相应时间段内Es层的变化特性发现,重庆和昆明站附近Es层强度明显减弱,且其高度显著抬升.这一现象与低层大气的波动变化具有同步性.最后,通过模拟经典风剪切理论下Es层金属离子的汇聚过程和运动轨迹,再现了SSW期间Es层与低层大气波动的耦合演化过程.该分析结果为研究低层-中层-高层大气的耦合过程提供了一种新的思路.     

南极中山站电离层的极区特征

本文利用1996年的电离层数字测高仪DPS-4所测的f0F2、f0E以及美国NOAA和DMSP卫星观测估算的半球功率指数和午夜极光区赤道侧边界纬度等资料,考察中山站电离层的极区特征。结果表明,在太阳和地磁宁静环境下,冬季极夜磁正午中山站处于极隙区中心时,电离层内的电离密度达全天的最大值;上、下午各有数小时间隔位极光带内时,高能粒子的电离作用也很重要;夜间进入极差区后,电子密度则很低。夏季极昼时,太阳EUV辐射的电离效应使电离层电离密度比冬季值大许多,而且,日变化的最大值时间也提前了1~2h,强磁扰时,极隙区和极光带均向低纬侧移动;中山站上空的电子密度会大幅度下降。在中等扰动环境下情况要加复杂：磁正午前后极隙区内软粒子沉降的电离强度有所减小,而上、下午极光区的高能粒子电离则有较大增加。     

High-frequency and meso-scale winter sea-ice variability in the Southern Ocean in a high-resolution global ocean model

This study is on high-frequency temporal variability (HFV) and meso-scale spatial variability (MSV) of winter sea-ice drift in the Southern Ocean simulated with a global high-resolution (0.1°) sea ice-ocean model. Hourly model output is used to distinguish MSV characteristics via patterns of mean kinetic energy (MKE) and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of ice drift, surface currents, and wind stress, and HFV characteristics via time series of raw variables and correlations. We find that (1) along the ice edge, the MSV of ice drift coincides with that of surface currents, in particular such due to ocean eddies; (2) along the coast, the MKE of ice drift is substantially larger than its TKE and coincides with the MKE of wind stress; (3) in the interior of the ice pack, the TKE of ice drift is larger than its MKE, mostly following the TKE pattern of wind stress; (4) the HFV of ice drift is dominated by weather events, and, in the absence of tidal currents, locally and to a much smaller degree by inertial oscillations; (5) along the ice edge, the curl of the ice drift is highly correlated with that of surface currents, mostly reflecting the impact of ocean eddies. Where ocean eddies occur and the ice is relatively thin, ice velocity is characterized by enhanced relative vorticity, largely matching that of surface currents. Along the ice edge, ocean eddies produce distinct ice filaments, the realism of which is largely confirmed by high-resolution satellite passive-microwave data.     

二阶Y环频率选择表面的设计研究

利用分形结构的自相似性将分形理论应用于频率选择表面(FSS)领域即可使在单屏FSS上具有多频段带通滤波的特性,结合Floquet周期边界条件,采用矩量法研究了二阶Y环分形FSS在不同入射角度下迭代比例因子F及单元排布方式对频率响应特性的影响规律,给出谐振频率的经验估算值.计算及实验结果表明,FSS的谐振频率主要由迭代比例因子及起始单元尺寸决定,而透过率及-3 dB带宽则对排布方式的改变较敏感.实验结果与理论分析一致.     

基于MF雷达观测的D区日食效应的研究

本文利用昆明站(25.6°N,103.8°E)MF雷达在2009年7月22日的观测数据,研究了这次日食期间D区电子密度的变化.结果表明,随着日食的开始,D区电子密度逐渐减小,在食甚后,电子密度开始恢复.但观测发现电子密度不与日食同步,而是存在一个大约9 min的时延.利用日食期间的观测数据,尝试建立了两个简单的模型来估...     

各向异性层状介质中视电阻率与磁场响应研究

针对任意各向异性地层,利用极向型和环向型标量位函数,导出相应的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率的磁场响应关系.计算了各向异性地层的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率响应特征,重点分析了电阻率测深方法与磁电阻率探测方法对地下各向异性介质的探测能力.文中采用状态矩阵的分析方法,首先采用极向型和环向型标量位构造了各向异性层状介质电场与磁场的通解,利用各层界面电场、磁场的连续性及地面激励源的耦合条件,推导了不同层之间电磁场的状态矩阵,建立了空间电场与磁场的递归计算关系.其次,针对递归计算中指数项数值计算的不稳定性,借用状态矩阵的性质,导出了将不稳定指数计算项转化为稳定的指数项的转换关系.针对横向各向同性(TI)介质中极向位与环向位解耦的特点,导出了电磁场的直接积分解.最后,采用解析解验证了算法的正确性,给出了多层各向异性地层模型的视电阻率和磁场响应曲线,分析了直流电法探测裂缝性地层、估计裂缝分布性状的可能性.     

Effects of fluctuating daily surface fluxes on the time-mean oceanic circulation

The effect of fluctuating daily surface fluxes on the time-mean oceanic circulation is studied using an empirical flux model. The model produces fluctuating fluxes resulting from atmospheric variability and includes oceanic feedbacks on the fluxes. Numerical experiments were carried out by driving an ocean general circulation model with three different versions of the empirical model. It is found that fluctuating daily fluxes lead to an increase in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the Atlantic of about 1 Sv and a decrease in the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) of about 32 Sv. The changes are approximately 7% of the MOC and 16% of the ACC obtained without fluctuating daily fluxes. The fluctuating fluxes change the intensity and the depth of vertical mixing. This, in turn, changes the density field and thus the circulation. Fluctuating buoyancy fluxes change the vertical mixing in a non-linear way: they tend to increase the convective mixing in mostly stable regions and to decrease the convective mixing in mostly unstable regions. The ACC changes are related to the enhanced mixing in the subtropical and the mid-latitude Southern Ocean and reduced mixing in the high-latitude Southern Ocean. The enhanced mixing is related to an increase in the frequency and the depth of convective events. As these events bring more dense water downward, the mixing changes lead to a reduction in meridional gradient of the depth-integrated density in the Southern Ocean and hence the strength of the ACC. The MOC changes are related to more subtle density changes. It is found that the vertical mixing in a latitudinal strip in the northern North Atlantic is more strongly enhanced due to fluctuating fluxes than the mixing in a latitudinal strip in the South Atlantic. This leads to an increase in the density difference between the two strips, which can be responsible for the increase in the Atlantic MOC.     

Impact of different ocean reanalyses on decadal climate prediction

We study the impact of three ocean state estimates (GECCO, SODA, [ECMWF]-ORA-S3) on decadal predictability in one particular forecast system, the Earth system model from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. The forecast procedure follows two steps. First, anomalies of temperature and salinity of the observational estimates are assimilated into our coupled model. Second, the assimilation runs are then used to initialize 10-year-long hindcasts/forecasts starting from each year between 1960 and 2001. The impact of the individual ocean state estimates is evaluated both by the extent to which climate variations from the ocean state estimates are adopted by the forecast system (‘fidelity’) and by the prediction skill of the corresponding hindcast experiments. The evaluation focuses on North Atlantic (NA) sea surface temperature (SST), upper-level (0–700?m) NA ocean heat content (OHC) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Regarding fidelity, correlations between observations and the assimilation runs are generally high for NA SST and NA OHC, except for NA OHC in the GECCO assimilation. MOC variations experience strong modifications when GECCO and SODA are assimilated, much less so when assimilating ORA-S3. Regarding prediction skill, when initializing with ORA-S3 and SODA, correlations with observations are high for NA OHC and moderate for NA SST. Correlations in case of GECCO, on the other hand, are high for NA SST and moderate for NA OHC. Relatively high MOC correlations between hindcasts and respective assimilation run appear in the first five years in GECCO in the tropics and subtropics and in ORA-S3 north of 50N. Correlations are largely reduced when the MOC signals are detrended. The trends in the assimilation runs are to some extent artifacts of the assimilation procedure. Hence, our potential predictabilities of the MOC are optimistic estimates of the upper limits of predictability. However, the ORA-S3 reanalysis gives the best results for our forecast system as measured by both overall fidelity of the assimilation procedure and predictions of upper-level OHC in the North Atlantic.