Assessing adaptability of planted trees using leaf traits: A case study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Loess Plateau, China

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to environment.This study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same area.We measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pm...     

Age-related changes of leaf traits and stoichiometry in an alpine shrub (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhododendron agglutinatum</Emphasis>) along altitudinal gradient

Leaf morphological and stoichiometric characteristics are considered to represent both the interior inheritable characters in the plant and its adaptations to specific exterior environments. Rhododendron agglutinatum, an evergreen alpine shrub species, occupies a wide range of habitats above timberline in the Miyaluo Natural Reserve, southwestern China. Along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 3700 to 4150 m, we measured leaf morphological characters including leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), and one leaf area (OLA), as well as carbon (C) and nutrient (N, P) contents in leaves of three different age groups (juvenile leaves, mature leaves and senescent leaves). We also calculated the stoichiometric relationships among carbon and nutrients (C/N, C/P and N/P). Results showed that both age and altitude affected the leaf morphological and stoichiometric properties of R. agglutinatum. Mature leaves possessed the highest LDMC, LMA and C contents both on a dry mass basis and on a unit area basis. Younger leaves possessed higher contents of nutrients. OLA as well as ratios between carbon and nutrients (C/N, C/P) increased with ages. Juvenile leaves possessed lowest ratio between nitrogen and phosphorus. In juvenile leaves, nutrients increased with altitudinal elevation, whereas other traits decreased. In mature leaves, nutrients and their ratios with carbon showed consistent trends with juvenile leaves along increasing altitude, whereas LMA and carbon on a unit area basis showed opposite trends with juvenile leaves along increasing altitude. In senescent leaves, only content of phosphorus on a unit area basis and N/P were found linearly correlated with altitude. Our results demonstrated a clear pattern of nutrient distribution with aging process in leaves and indicated that a high possibility of N limitation in this region. We also concluded that younger leaves could be more sensitive to climate changes due to a greater altitudinal influence on the leaf traits in younger leaves than those in elder leaves.     

基于3维可视化环境的地质体空间形态分析

针对3维矿床地质体既具有复杂的几何形态特征,又具有连续的矿化分布与控矿作用分布等空间分布场特征,结合3维地质建模软件Datamine的可视化环境,基于线框模型研究了地质体实体建模与3维可视化过程;在此基础上将实体模犁离散化输出为体素模型,提出采用趋势面分析方法和基于数学形态学的分析方法进行地质体空间形态分析,比较和研究了这两种方法提取地质体空间趋势形态和形态起伏特征的过程.实例研究和论证了基于数学形态学滤波的地质体空间形态因素分析和提取方法处理某方向上存在有超覆现象的可行性.     

甘肃陇山地区葫芦河群变质玄武岩及大地构造环境恢复

葫芦河群变质玄武岩以其高不相容元素、稀土元素和低MgO、Cr和Ni含量有别于现代洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,在FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3和Ti/100-Zr-Y×3判别图上,均落在大陆玄武岩区。在剖面上,与变质玄武岩整合接触的巨厚的变砂岩和大量出现的火山角砾岩和集块岩是浅海环境的标志;密集的辉绿岩墙群是拉张性大地构造环境的特征。因此,本文认为葫芦河群变质玄武岩原岩形成于陆内裂陷海盆环境。     

农田土壤湿度的人工神经网络预测诊断系统

采用人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）方法，研制了农田土壤湿度预测，诊断分析系统，该系统根据不同的土壤湿度特点和影响因子，可自动提供时间序列拓展的人工神经网络预测模型和人工神经网络的混合预测模型进行土壤湿度的动态预测。并提供不同降水量的土壤湿水分渗透深度诊断分析，系统采用中文菜单显示的人机对话方式操作，使具有准动力学特性，多种可调参数和网络结构的ＡＮＮ方法变得简便易于操作。实际使用表明，该系统对土壤湿度的预测     

姬塬地区长8油层组层序地层格架内成岩相展布特征

通过岩心观察并充分利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、X-衍射和扫描电镜等资料,对姬塬地区长8油层组储层的成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩阶段和成岩演化序列特征等进行了研究。根据成岩作用类型及强度、成岩矿物等将储层划分为绿泥石衬边弱溶蚀、不稳定组分溶蚀、压实致密、高岭石充填和碳酸盐胶结5种成岩相。并通过岩心薄片资料刻度测井归纳出不同成岩相在GR、AC等测井曲线及其组合上的响应特征,由此实现各单井储层成岩相的连续划分。对长8油层组层序界面和基准面旋回与成岩相展布的关系进行了研究,结果表明层序界面附近不稳定组分溶蚀相及高岭石充填相较为发育,且各井之间对比性良好,同时层序界面也控制了碳酸盐胶结;中期基准面旋回的最大湖泛面处均发育井间可对比的压实致密相,长82中期基准面下降半旋回砂体一方面易于遭受溶蚀产生次生孔,另一方面由于受沉积驻留和碎屑组分影响导致压实强度较弱,因此物性总体比长81砂体好。     

东海表层沉积物碎屑矿物组合分布特征及其物源环境指示

为进一步明确东海陆架区的沉积物物源及水动力环境,对研究区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物进行了鉴定分析。研究区共鉴定出49种重矿物、8种轻矿物。根据碎屑矿物的组合分布结合矿物形态特征,将东海陆架区划分为三个矿物区,内陆架矿物区、外陆架矿物区及虎皮礁矿物区。内陆架矿物区,动力分选是影响碎屑矿物分布的主要因素,物质来源相对单一,碎屑矿物主要来源于现代长江物质,闽浙沿岸近岸河流的输入,人类活动也对该区的矿物组成产生一定的影响;外陆架矿物区,重矿物分布的主控因素是长期的分选作用,主要是长江物质经后期改造形成,现代长江物质可从内陆架中北部扩散至124.5°E左右,此外外陆架东南部地形的变化也对碎屑矿物的分布起到一定控制作用;虎皮礁矿物区,有来自黄河、长江、火山物质的多重影响,且水动力环境相对复杂。     

2008年1月贵州冻雨的数值模拟和层结结构分析

针对2008年初发生在贵州地区的严重冻雨过程,分别从环流背景、低空急流和水汽输送条件等方面分析了准静止锋维持的原因,并选取本次灾害最严重的第3次过程为典型个例,利用WRF模式针对准静止锋影响下的贵州冻雨进行数值模拟来研究冻雨的发生机制。模拟结果较好地反映出高低空环流形势场特征,强雨雪降水带的走向、落区,以及地面温度的分布,均与观测基本吻合。通过分析高分辨率模式的模拟结果,揭示了准静止锋上贵州地区冻雨的层结结构特征及云物质在冻雨区的分布特征。研究结果表明,贵州中部的冻雨区除一般的三层结构(包含冰晶层、暖层和冷层)外,还具有典型的两层结构特征,即:高空的固体降水粒子稀少,900~600 h Pa深厚的逆温层和0℃以上的暖层使中低空存在大量液态粒子,下落的液滴经过近地面的浅薄冷层,形成大量过冷却雨滴,而后降落至地面迅速冻结。     

The hydrodynamical characteristics of nearshore waters and the discharging process of mud flats— A case study of the mud flats near Lianyungang,China

It is apparent that there is a difference between mud coasts and sand coasts in such aspects as sediment components, hydrodynamics of nearshore waters, and the formative process in configuration, and profile. The intensity distribution of waves affecting the mud flats in Lianyungang, and the conditions determining tidal water levels, are discussed in this paper. A mathematical model which describes the erosion process of mud flats has been derived on the basis of the results of tests for the mud process in seawater. The model is satisfactory for the actual mud flat profile change in Lianyungang with artificial mud discharges.     

CONSIDERATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS,SEDIMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MUDDY COAST IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIANYUNGANG HARBOUR

After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.