In-situ rainwater harvesting and gravel mulch combination for corn production in the dry semi-arid region of China

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of ridge and furrow method of in-situ rainwater harvesting with gravel mulch on corn production, soil moisture storage, and water-use efficiency in the dry semi-arid region of China. Results showed that plastic-covered ridges had an average runoff efficiency (runoff/rainfall) of 87% as compared to 7% for bare ridges, and could generate runoff at a threshold value of 0·8±0·2 mm rainfall. Bare ridges produced runoff only under high intensity rainfall events, and was ineffective for harvesting rainfall in the study area. The plastic-covered ridge and gravel-mulched furrow method of rainwater harvesting was effective in conserving moisture and increasing yield and water-use efficiency. The grain yield in this treatment was 1·9 times that of the conventional flat soil cultivation (control), and the water-use efficiency was 1·8 times that of the control. The good performance of the film-covered surface ridges and gravel-mulched furrows is attributed to the better utilization of light rains, improvement of infiltration in the root zone, and suppression of evaporation losses.     

丽江市大气环境特征分析

丽江市1990~2003年SO₂、NO_x和TSP的平均浓度为0.018、0.013和0.112 mg/m³,SO₂和NO_x浓度在1998之前为上升阶段,1998年之后为下降阶段。1989~2006年期间降水中年均pH值为6.08,高于酸雨标准值,EC均值为14.2 US/cm;pH值自1994年以来一直处于缓慢上升状态,EC也呈现出缓慢上升趋势。1989~2006年降水中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-、NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、平均浓度值依次为1.57、0.41、0.20、1.14、0.09、0.06、0.13 mg/L。研究证实大气环境状况、气候特征和产业结构转型对丽江降水中离子浓度有重要影响。     

基于LIDAR数据的建筑轮廓线提取及规则化算法研究

建筑轮廓线提取与规则化是LIDAR数据处理和建筑三维建模的重要步骤和技术难点.首次将\"Alpha Shapes算法\"应用于LIDAR数据处理,实践证明该算法简洁高效、运行稳定、提取精度高,适用于任何形状的建筑轮廓线提取,并具有一定自适应性和滤波功能,非常适合LIDAR点云数据提取建筑轮廓线.同时,提出了改进的\"管子算法\"用于原始轮廓线的简化,提出了适用于四边形的\"矩形外接圆法\"和适用于多边形(大于四边且边数为偶数)的\"分类强制正交法\"以进一步实现轮廓线的规则化,最终解决了离散点云提取规则建筑轮廓线的核心问题.实践证明,本文所述算法适用于凸凹多边形建筑内外轮廓线的提取与规则化.     

基于时间序列InSAR分析的西部山区滑坡灾害隐患早期识别:以四川丹巴为例

合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）是探测地表形变的重要手段,然而差分干涉测量技术（differential InSAR,D-InSAR）、小基线集测量技术（small baseline subset InSAR,SBAS-InSAR）和永久散射体测量技术（permanent scatters InSAR,PS-InSAR）在地质灾害隐患早期调查的应用中各有利弊。联合使用3种InSAR技术对127景ALOS-2数据和96景Sentinel-1数据进行处理,并在龙门山-大渡河约60 000 km²的区域解译出840处地表形变。野外实地调查发现约70%的解译形变区存在形变迹象,分析发现形变区分布与地层结构、岩性和活动断层构造之间有较为紧密的联系。对典型形变区的不同InSAR监测成果进行了对比分析,验证了不同InSAR技术在地表形变监测应用中的一致性、准确性和可靠性。     

Two methods of orthogonally stepwise discrimination and their applications

In this paper, we describe two methods of discrimination based on MSE ratio and regression, respectively, and an algorithm of orthogonally stepwise discrimination. The method is not limited by the assumption that the sample covariance matrix is not ill-conditioned or singular, and by any assumption about the distribution of each population as well. So, it has wide range of application to various problems, particularly, to the problem of discrimination with both quantitative and qualitative variables. After variables are selected in the procedure of stepwise discrimination, they need not be rejected. Several examples have been calculated by using the method, and the results are quite satisfying.     

宽波段傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪等光程差采样系统设计

太阳成像光谱探测是诊断太阳大气磁场和热力学参数的主要手段. 傅里叶变换太阳光谱仪(Fourier Transform Solar Spectrometer, FTSS)具有宽波段的优势, 是当前中红外高分辨率太阳光谱探测的最佳选择. FTSS通过采集目标辐射等光程差干涉图, 反演获得光谱图, 等光程差采样的间隔决定了反演光谱波长范围. 因此从FTSS宽波段光谱观测对不同等光程差采样间隔需求出发, 基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)技术, 采用全数字分频、倍频方案, 设计了一套宽波段FTSS等光程差采样系统. 采用分布式余数补偿方法, 有效解决了在参考激光干涉信号倍频过程中, 输出采样信号在输出信号周期间误差累积问题, 并降低了输出采样信号的误差及非均匀性; 经功能仿真及实验测试, 系统在200Hz--50kHz频率范围内, 频率误差delta $<$ 0.04%, 可有效满足FTSS的300nm--25μm宽波段的光谱观测数据采集需求, 为后续可见和红外波段FTSS的研制奠定了技术基础.     

古海蚀与相似地形的区别：形态与成因——以广东黄圃海蚀遗迹为例

对比黄圃镇海蚀遗迹与其它非海蚀成因相似地形,得出其形态特征差异:海蚀槽穴同时切过软硬相间的岩石,仅出现在某一水平面;片流和风化作用形成的凹槽与结构面或岩层完全平行而且连续延伸,出现在整个山坡面上,凹槽前无平台;河流侧蚀作用在同一水平面上,不能同时形成凹槽和平台;河流溶蚀作用也是水平的,在石灰岩河岸侧壁形成凹槽,槽上有突出屋檐,无平台;波浪作用不强的石灰岩海岸也可形成凹槽和突出屋檐,但无海蚀平台;只有波浪作用才能同时形成(海蚀)平台和(海蚀)凹穴.     

Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic characteristics of the Dehe biotite monzonitic gneiss pluton in the North Qinling orogen and their geological significance

The Dehe granitic pluton intruded the Xiahe Group which is in the core complex of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt(NQOB).It shows gneissic bedding and possesses typical S-type granite minerals such as muscovite and garnet.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic dating of the Dehe granite yielded a weighted average age of 925±23 Ma which represents the emplacement age of the pluton.Most of the εHf(t) values are negative,and the two-stage model ages are consistent with the age of the Qinling Group.The isotope data show that the Dehe granite was formed in the following geological setting:in the syn-collision setting of the NQOB in the Neoproterozoic,crustal thickening induced partial melting of materials derived from the Qinling complex,and then the maga upwelled and intruded into the Xiahe Group.The formation of the Dehe S-type granite implied the occurrence of a convergent event in the QOB during the Neoproterozoic.     

安徽省大别山南部宿松杂岩变质作用研究

宿松杂岩的变质作用可分为３个阶段：早期、主期和晚期阶段。主期阶段的矿物组合在云母片岩中为石榴石＋多硅白云母＋石英＋磁铁矿±钠云母±绿帘石／黝帘石;在白云母钠长（二长）片岩和片麻岩中为石榴石＋多硅白云母＋钠长石＋石英＋绿帘石／黝帘石±冻蓝闪石;在石榴石钠长角闪岩中为石榴石＋冻蓝闪石＋钠长石＋黝帘石＋石英±钠云母±金红石／磁铁矿。根据多种地质温压计和变质反应可以推测主期变质条件为：Ｔ＝５２０℃～５８０℃,Ｐ＝１．２～１．４ＧＰａ,地热梯度为１２℃／ｋｍ,相当于高压过渡型。晚期阶段变质条件为：Ｔ＝４６０℃～４８０℃,Ｐ＝０．６～０．７ＧＰａ,为中压绿帘角闪岩相。宿松杂岩的变质条件介于其南部的蓝闪绿片岩相和北部的榴辉岩相之间,三者是扬子板块向华北板块之下俯冲到不同深度的产物。