基于单程波偏移算子的地表相关多次波成像

在常规地震资料处理中,多次反射波被视为噪声并从地震数据中去除,以免在之后的地震资料解释中造成误解.而事实上,多次波也是地震信号,是照明波场的一部分,能够对地下构造成像的精度做出贡献.本文分析了多次波在传统单程波叠前深度偏移中产生构造假象的机制和表现,为实现基于单程波偏移算子的多次波成像,修改了单程波叠前深度偏移的边界条件,即将输入的震源波场用包含多次波的记录来替代,输入的记录波场用预测出的表层相关多次波来替代,实现了基于单程波偏移算子的地表相关多次波成像,并从理论上给出了其成像依据.通过基于二范式最小能量差原则求取的匹配因子,将多次波成像结果与一次波成像结果进行匹配叠加,应用多次波成像来弥补一次波成像的不足.简单模型验证了基于单程波偏移算子的多次波成像方法的有效性,最后对Sigsbee2B模型进行了一次波与多次波联合成像试算,盐边界高陡构造成像质量得到了明显改善.     

从三峡无线数字遥测地震台网勘选成功看无线遥测地震台网的信道

数字遥测地震台网采用无线信道在国内地震界借鉴的经验还非常有限。究竟数字无线遥测,能否在（１０＾－６）误码率指标下,象模拟无线遥测地震台网一样采用单向传输,尚有不同看法。从三峡无线数字遥测地叶网的成功勘选得一邓许多有益的结果,我们关于鸨线信道和信道设备的探索回答了这个问题。结论是：数字地震台网仍然可以采用无线遥测方式组网,采用传输的信道设备既经济原则,技术上也是可行的。     

用不完整的地震资料估计地震矩年变化率

在充分考虑现有地震资料的不完备性和震级服从两端截去泊松分布的条件下,建立了用历史地震资料和现代地震资料及考古地震资料计算地震矩年变化率的方法。计算了西南地区几个地震带的地震矩年变化率,并与地质资料得到的结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法是切实可行的     

Desert evolution and climatic changes in the Tarim River basin since 12 ka BP

Climatic changes in the Tarim River basin since 12 kaBP were divided into four stages based on the analyses of sedimentary phase, the features of some climatic and environmental biomarks in the sedimentary strata and desert evolution. During the Holocene, cool-dry and temperate-dry climates resulted in apparent alluvial-fluvial and weak aeolian activities. During 10–8 kaBP, the climate was dry and cold, large-scale sand dunes activities led to regional deeert expansion. During the hypsithermal (8–3 kaBP), the climate was dry and warm, shifting sand areas decreased and a lot of sand dunes were fixed along the banks of the Tarim River and its tributaries, lowlands and lakes. As a result, fluvial-alluvial areas increased. Since 3 kaBP, the aeolian activity and sandstorms have been enhancing due to the combined influences of climatic warming and illogicill exploitation of land and water resources. The climate in the Tarim River basin have been persistently dry and alternated by warm and cold periods. Consequently, the sedimentary environments have varied fmm desert steppe to desert, and strongly influenced by periphery mountains and global climatic fluctuations.     

Vertical dynamic response of a disk on a saturated poroelastic half-space

This paper considers the vertical dynamic response of a disk on a saturated poroelastic half-space. Firstly the pressure-solid displacement form of the harmonic equations of motion for a poroelastic solid are developed from the form of the equations originally presented by Biot. These equations are solved by a new method. Then the mixed boundary value problem for the vertical harmonic vibration of a disk on a poroelastic half-space is studied. The two types of drainage conditions at the surface of the poroelastic half-space are considered: (a) the surface of the poroelastic half-space is assumed to be completely pervious both within and exterior to the plate; (b) The interface between the plate and the poroelastic half-space is assumed to be impervious and the exterior region is assumed to be pervious. By using the Hankel transform techniques, the paper develops the governing dual integral equations. These governing integral equations are further reduced to systems of standard Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by Abel transform.     

A model for simulating the response of runoff from the mountainous watersheds of inland river basins in the arid area of northwest China to climatic changes

The subaerial tidal sand area in the northern Jiangsu Province (Subei), stretching from Dongtai towards east with a fan shape, is an early developing stage of radial sand ridges distributed in the South Yellow Sea. Since 5000–6000 a BP, after the Holocene transgression maximum in the northern Jiangsu Province, subaqueous tidal sand bodies were exposed and changed into land gradually. The environmental magnetism analysis shows that subaerial tidal sand strata are formed by the convergent-divergent paleo-tidal current field. The sediment source of tidal sand strata came early from the Changjiang River and late from the Yellow River. Sea floor erosion by tidal currents also served as an important sand source. Drilling cores and ground-penetrating profile show that there exists no probability of sand supplying directly by a large river through the apical area of tidal sand ridges either on land or in the sea. Fluvial deposits supplied the tidal sand bodies by alongshore transportation, which corresponds to the conclusions obtained by the analyses of provenance and paleocurrent field. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 43236120 and 49676288).     

对朝鲜2006年、2009年和2013年3次地下核试验的相对定位

采用双差定位方法, 对朝鲜2006年、2009年和2013年的3次核试验进行相对定位.根据19个区域地震台和8个远震台的垂直分量波形资料, 计算了多种震相(P波、S波和LR波等)的互相关时差, 并由测量时差反演两两核爆的相对空间位置, 通过随机生成部分台站组合进行扰动实验以估算定位的不确定度.结果表明, 相对于朝鲜2009年核试验, 2013年核试验位于其南257 m、西385 m, 2006年核试验位于其南503 m、东2589 m.当扰动实验中随机选取的台站数目为20个时, 在95%置信度下, 朝鲜2013年和2006年核试验相对于2009年核试验的地表定位结果的不确定度约为150 m.     

Movement of Heavy Metals in Soil through Preferential Flow Paths under Different Rainfall Intensities

Preferential flow in soils deserves attention due to its potential role in accelerating the movement of contaminants to groundwater. This study investigates the movement of Cd, Cu, and Pb through preferential flow paths under different applied rainfall intensities. Artificial acid rain (pH of 4.1) containing CdCl₂, CuCl₂, and Pb(NO₃)₂ was applied to undisturbed soil and repacked sand columns at low and high intensities, and leachate metals and chloride concentrations were measured. Cd was found in the leachate at both low and high rates in all columns, while the increase in Cu concentrations in the leachate was detected only at the high rate of the undisturbed columns. Pb was retained in both columns. For undisturbed columns, the breakthrough curves of Cd and Cu were similar to those of Cl, showing early initial breakthrough by preferential flow and dependency on rainfall intensities. The Cd concentrations were detected in the leachate from repacked columns for high rate rainfall, implying that even homogeneous soil may not be perfectly able to retain metals and the initially wet condition is more harmful for subsurface contaminant transport. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that, despite its highly sorptive nature, the transport of some metals may be as fast as that of a tracer under preferential flow conditions, and the rainfall intensity is a significant factor for the degree of transport.     

鄂尔多斯地块地壳内S波衰减特征的研究

采用分布于鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘的32个地震台站记录到的19次地震事件共487条数字化波形记录, 利用遗传算法反演得到了整个鄂尔多斯地块地壳内S波的三段几何扩散参数、S波非弹性衰减Q值随频率变化的关系式、32个台站的场地响应以及19次地震的震源参数. 计算结果表明, 鄂尔多斯地块地壳内S波非弹性衰减在1 Hz处的Q值比地质构造活跃地区的结果要大得多. 32个地震台站的场地响应在高频部分除个别台站外基本没有表现出明显的放大效应,但在低频区间部分台站之间有一定的差异. 19次地震事件的地震矩对数值与震级ML有很好的线性关系.      

吞噬微囊藻的鞭毛虫的培养

从一个有水华发生的池塘里采集分离到一种能吞噬微囊藻的动基体目鞭毛虫(Kinetoplastida),存光学显微镜及激光共聚焦显微镜下观察了该鞭毛虫的形态特征,初步探讨了它的培养方法.该鞭毛虫以集胞藻、微囊藻、鱼腥藻、小球藻以及蛋黄、奶粉、大肠杆菌和酵母为食物进行培养,结果集胞藻、微囊藻、奶粉、蛋黄、及酵母都是该鞭毛虫很好的食物.该鞭毛虫易于培养,繁殖迅速,培养成本低廉,有应用于生态环境中控制微囊藻水华的可能.