Theory and application for retrieval and fusion of spatial and temporal quantitative information from complex natural environment

This paper briefly presents the research progress of the State Major Basic Research Project 2001CB309400, “Theory and Application for Retrieval and Fusion of Spatial and Temporal Quantitative Information from Complex Natural Environment”. Based on the rapid advancement of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery technology, information theory of fully polarimetric scattering and applications in polarimetric SAR remote sensing are developed. To promote the modeling of passive microwave remote sensing, the vector (polarized) radiative transfer theory (VRT) of complex natural media such as inhomogeneous, multi-layered and 3-dimensional VRT is developed. With these theoretical progresses, data validation and retrieval algorithms for some typical events and characteristic parameters of earth terrain surfaces, atmosphere, and oceans from operational and experimental remote sensing satellites are studied. Employing remote sensing, radiative transfer simulation, geographic information systems (GIS), land hydrological process, and data assimilation, the Chinese land data assimilation system (CLDAS) is established. Towards the future development of China’s microwave meteorological satellites, employing remote sensing data of currently available SSM/I (special sensor microwave/imager), AMSU (advanced microwave sounding unit), MTI (microwave temperature imager), etc., with ground-based measurements, several operational algorithms and databases for atmospheric precipitation, water vapor and liquid water in clouds, and other hydrological/hydrological applications are developed. To advance China’s SAR and InSAR (interferometric SAR) technologies, the image processing and analysis of ERS (European remote sensing), Radarsat SAR, and Chinese SAR, etc., the software platforms are accomplished. Based on the researches of multi-information fusion, some simulations, identification, and information extractions of the targets from complex background clutter scenes are studied. Some experiments of radio wave propagation in anomalous atmospheric status are also carried out. Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(2): 111–125 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

银川平原植被生长与地下水关系研究

干旱区植被生长与地下水的关系是生态水文地质学研究的热点之一。西北内陆干旱地区降水稀少,植被的生长发育与地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。借助遥感方法,结合地下水观测数据,在区域尺度上定量地研究了中国银川平原地区地下水埋深及矿化度与植被生长的关系。结果表明:适宜植被生长的地下水埋深范围约为1~6m,当地下水位埋深为3.5m左右时,植被长势最好。而在水位埋深为3.5m左右的地区,植被生长的相对好坏又受地下水矿化度的影响。当地下水矿化度为0.9g/L时对该地区植被的生长最为有利。     

天津蓟县锰方硼石矿床

蓟县锰方硼石矿床发现于1971年,是世界上第一个独立形成矿体的锰方硼石矿床.锰方硼石为白色、浅黄色,是一种稀有矿物.矿床赋存于高于庄组桑树鞍亚组中,在蓟县该矿带东西延长30 km,向北西及南东分别延至平谷及遵化.现已勘探完毕的东水厂矿区,从经济意义上讲,它是最大的锰方硼石矿床.文中在以往研究的基础上对该矿床特征及矿物物理化学性质作进一步的研究.     

Evaluation of diffuse and preferential flow pathways of infiltrated precipitation and irrigation using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes

Subsurface-water flow pathways in three different land-use areas (non-irrigated grassland, poplar forest, and irrigated arable land) in the central North China Plain were investigated using oxygen (¹⁸O) and hydrogen (²H) isotopes in samples of precipitation, soils, and groundwater. Soil water in the top 10 cm was significantly affected by both evaporation and infiltration. Water at 10–40 cm depth in the grassland and arable land, and 10–60 cm in poplar forest, showed a relatively short residence time, as a substantial proportion of antecedent soil water was mixed with a 92-mm storm infiltration event, whereas below those depths (down to 150 cm), depleted δ¹⁸O spikes suggested that some storm water bypassed the shallow soil layers. Significant differences, in soil-water content and δ¹⁸O values, within a small area, suggested that the proportion of immobile soil water and water flowing in subsurface pathways varies depending on local vegetation cover, soil characteristics and irrigation applications. Soil-water δ¹⁸O values revealed that preferential flow and diffuse flow coexist. Preferential flow was active within the root zone, independent of antecedent soil-water content, in both poplar forest and arable land, whereas diffuse flow was observed in grassland. The depleted δ¹⁸O spikes at 20–50 cm depth in the arable land suggested the infiltration of irrigation water during the dry season. Temporal isotopic variations in precipitation were subdued in the shallow groundwater, suggesting more complete mixing of different input waters in the unsaturated zone before reaching the shallow groundwater.

     

土体动力一维非线性本构关系剖析与评价

土体动力一维非线性本构关系是场地及地基动力响应、土工数值分析的关键。回顾和总结了国内外的发展状况及研究进展,对其分析方法、等幅循环荷载到不规则荷载的扩展及应用规则、试验阻尼比的等效、滞回曲线形状等核心问题进行剖析、评价和探讨,并对各种模型的优缺点进行了比较和讨论,着重介绍了最近研究结果。最后指出未来发展方向及有待进一步研究的问题。     

2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震InSAR同震形变场特征及发震构造初步探讨

基于Sentinel-1 SAR升、降影像,利用D-InSAR技术获取新疆伽师M S6.4地震的同震形变场,结果表明,本次地震引起的同震形变场整体呈近椭圆状分布,形变区东西长约66 km,南北宽约40 km,整个形变场由南部隆升区和北部沉降区组成,南部最大隆升量约7 cm,北部最大沉降量约3 cm。本次地震发生在块体俯冲界面处的低倾角逆冲推覆构造带上,隆升和沉降两个中心均位于逆冲推覆体的上盘,形变主要以隆升形变为主,符合低倾角逆断层中强震的变形特征。在沉降区与隆升区之间干涉条纹连续分布,未出现表征地表破裂位置的空间失相关带,表明地震未引起明显的地表破裂。结合震源机制、余震精定位及区域构造特征,初步推断认为伽师地震的发震构造可能为柯坪塔格推覆构造前缘的N倾的柯坪断裂。     

基于系统动力学的巢湖流域水资源承载力动态预测与调控

湖泊流域水资源承载能力动态预测与调控是维护湖泊生态安全、保障社会经济健康持续发展的重要基础和手段.本文以巢湖流域为研究对象,提出基于系统动力学的湖泊流域水资源承载力动态预测技术和试验优化调控方法.首先以县(市)为基本单元构建水资源承载力系统动力学模拟与动态预测模型;再从空间上将各县(市)耦合为流域系统整体模型,并通过敏感性分析筛选量质要素调控指标;最后采用正交试验设计确定流域水资源承载力优化调控方案.结果表明:由于流域内产业规模的扩大以及城镇化率的提升,20172050年巢湖流域水资源承载状态值整体呈恶化趋势,并于2030年以后将长期处于超载状态,通过对影响要素针对性优化调控后,20172050年流域水资源承载状态均达到临界或可载.研究表明本文提出的方法对于促进区域社会经济环境协调发展和改善流域水资源承载力具有较好的实际应用价值.     

The generation and its sealing condition of natural gas in the Tadong area

Focusing on the two natural gas exploration geological problems with abundant source of oil cracking gas in the late stage and the sealing condition of the oil cracking gas reservoir, the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the evaluation parameters of gas cap rock are adopted to the study on the natural gas accumulation conditions in the Tadong area. Both the study on the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the statistical results of reservoir bitumen reveal that the geological formation of oil cracking gas in the Tadong area is located in the top of Cambrian. Two kinds of oil cracking gas geological models at least, namely well Mandong-1’s early rapid generation model (Middle Ordovician-end Silurian) and peak cracking model (with the natural gas conversion rate >90%), namely well Yingnan-2’s two-stage generation model of oil cracking gas, have been set up. The oil cracking gas of Yingnan-2 in the late stage is very significant in the evaluation of natural gas exploration in the Tadong area. The evaluation results of the cap rock show that the microscopic parameters of cap rock from the lower assemblage of Cambrian-Ordovician are better than those from the upper assemblage. The former has strong capillary sealing ability and higher cap rock breakthrough pressure than the upper assemblage, with strong sealing ability, so that natural gas dissipates mainly by diffusion. According to the above investigations, the lower assemblage Cambrian-Ordovician natural gas of Kongquehe slope, Tadong low uplift and Yingjisu depression in the Tadong area prospects well.     

纸介质地震观测报告的数据输入与初步验证

为了进行科学研究和数据共享,需要把在模拟地震台网时期产出的纸介质观测报告实现电子化,本文简要叙述了数据的录入与初步验证工作情况,介绍了数据验证及格式转换程序的实现和使用。     

Inversion of focal mechanism and events identification using an improved relative amplitude method

The relative amplitude method(RAM) is more suitable for source inversion of low magnitude earthquakes because it avoids the modeling of short-period waveforms.We introduced an improved relative amplitude method(IRAM) which is more robust in practical cases.The IRAM uses a certain function to quantify the fitness between the observed and the predicted relative amplitudes among direct P wave,surface reflected pP and sP waves for a given focal mechanism.Using the IRAM,we got the fault-plane solutions of two ea...