Doing household research: interviewing couples together and apart

Summary The question of whether household members should be interviewed together or apart is hotly debated in 'family' studies. In this paper, I use my own experiences of both methods of interviewing in order to explore some of the practical problems, ethical issues and power dynamics of conducting household research, and to demonstrate how a household focus can contribute to the understanding of gender relations.     

有限元法在滑坡稳定性分析中的应用

对比了滑坡稳定性分析的极限平衡法、数值分析法、概率法。而后,介绍了有限元法滑坡稳定性分析基本原理,并应用有限元法对中里滑坡进行了稳定性分析,得出了中里滑坡的主应力图和稳定系数,并将稳定系数与其他方法的结果进行了比较,得出有限元法是一种可靠的分析方法,其结果可应用于后期治理设计。      

Multivariate analysis of biogenic constituents in recent sediments off Ras Burka, Gulf of Elat, Red Sea

The shallow shelf area to a water depth of 40 m off Ras Burka, Gulf of Elat, comprises several depositional zones. In order of increasing water depth these include: sand dune (on shore); swash; dead reef platform; sand channel; live coral reef; Cymodoceaslope; reef knolls; and Halophilalawn. The abundance of 64 biogenic constituents, comprising 48 genera of Foraminifera and a variety of other taxa, was recorded in 16 samples representing the sediments presently forming in the various environments. Nodal ordination and association analysis were applied to classify the samples and to examine whether the present day zonation of sedimentary environments can be objectively recognized on the basis of the assemblages of biogenic constituents. The analyses classified the samples consistently into three classes, identified as the shallow near-shore, the upper slope, and the lower slope zones. Association analysis, utilizing only discrete binary presence or absence scores, yielded better results than nodal ordination analysis utilizing continuous metric modal data. In the study area, biogenic grains other than Foraminifera do not contribute to the environmental discrimination. The results suggest that crude presence scores, as contrasted with refined metric data, are informative enough for differentiating sedimentary environments.     

Rapid honeycomb weathering (tafoni formation) in greywacke,S.E. AUSTRALIA

The development of honeycomb weathering on seawalls of non-marine Lower Cretaceous greywacke built in 1943 and 1949 shows that under certain conditions this type of tafoni is a significant factor in the retrogradation of rocky coasts.     

The origin of epigenetic graphite: evidence from isotopes

Stable carbon isotope ratios measured in syngenetic graphite, epigenetic graphite, and graphitic marble suggests that syngenetic graphite forms only by the metamorphism of carbonaceous detritus. Metamorphism of calcareous rocks with carbonaceous detritus is accompanied by an exchange of carbon between the two, which may result in large changes in isotopic composition of the non-carbonate phase but does not affect the relative proportions of the two reactants in the rock. Epigenetic graphite forms only from carbonaceous material or preexisting graphite. The reactions involved are the water gas reaction (C + H₂O → CO + H₂) at 800–900°C, and the Boudouard reaction (2CO → C + CO₂), which probably takes place at temperatures about 50–100°C lower.