Revealing storage-area relationship of open water in ungauged subalpine wetland — Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China

Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with significant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged conditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland-Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China-as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites Systems) RTK (Real-time Kinematic system) and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine-resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2011 were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was calculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1-2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation (R 2 ≈0.91, n=44). This study indicates that if detailedelevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi- temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage-area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this case wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex.     

Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China

The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway’s alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater.     

对广东省高校教师工资统发工作的思考

分析了广东省高校教师工资统发过程中存在统发工资与地方保险局扣缴的养老金无法达到一致、统发工资与地方税务局扣缴的个人所得税的起征标准不一致、后勤改革与工资统发尚不配套、人事分配制度改革与统发工资尚不配套等问题 ,提出了解决问题的建议与对策     

杨桃果脯的护色保形工艺研究

研究了杨桃果片在不同护色液中、不同护色条件下的护色效果 ,及其在不同保脆保形液中的保脆保形效果。结果表明 ,1.7mol LNaCl水溶液腌制、护色 ,0 .0 90mol LCaCl2 + 0 .34mol LNaCl水溶液保脆保形效果较好。     

��ɽ��-������ѻ���о�

??о??????-????????????????XG-4?????????????????????????????4???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Σ??????????λ???????????????????????????????????Σ??????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????о?????????     

����ȱʧ��GNSSʱ�����з�����Ӱ��

??GNSS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????GNSS??????з??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡??????????????????????????????????????岹??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??????￡?????????????????й????????????????????10%??????統???????9 mm???????????????????11???????????????12?????????GNSS????????????????о???????????????GNSS??????????????????????????     

Auto-registration and orthorecification algorithm for the time series HJ-1A/B CCD images

How to deal with geometric distortion is an open problem when using the massive amount of satellite images at a national or global scale,especially for multi-temporal image analysis.In this paper,an algorithm is proposed to automatically rectify the geometric distortion of time-series CCD multispectral data of small constellation for environmental and disaster mitigation(HJ-1A/B) which was launched by China in 2008.In this algorithm,the area-based matching method was used to automatically search tie points firstly,and then the polynomial function was introduced to correct the systematic errors caused by the satellite motion along the roll,pitch and yaw direction.The improved orthorectification method was finally used to correct pixel displacement caused by off-nadir viewing of topography,which are random errors in the images and cannot be corrected by the polynomial equation.Nine scenes of level 2 HJ CCD images from one path/row were taken as the warp images to test the algorithm.The test result showed that the overall accuracy of the proposed algorithm was within 2 pixels(the average residuals were 37.8 m,and standard deviations were 19.8 m).The accuracies of 45.96% validation points(VPs) were within 1 pixel and 90.33% VPs were within 2 pixels.The discussion showed that three main factors including the distortion patterns of HJ CCD images,percent of cloud cover and the varying altitude of the satellite orbit may affect the search of tie points and the accuracy of results.Although the influence of varying altitude of the satellite orbits is less than the other factors,it is noted that detailed satellite altitude information should be given in the future to get a more precise result.The proposed algorithm should be an efficient tool for the geo-correction of HJ CCD multi-spectral images.     

Responses of primary productivity to current and climate changes in the mud area to the southwest of Cheju Island during the past 800 years

The biogenic silica (BSi), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and grain size were analyzed with a gravity core (3250-6) collected from the mud area in the north East China Sea. The average deposition rate of the upper core was about 0.078 cm yr^?1 based on the results of ²¹⁰Pb_ex. The mean grain size increased with depth in general. The frequency distribution of grain size showed that two marked changes of deposition environment occurred at 30 cm and 50 cm depths (about 1550 AD and 1300 AD, respectively). The variations of BSi and TOC indicated two distinct major periods of primary productivity over the past 800 years: a stage of low primary productivity corresponding to weak upwelling and low nutrient input below 30 cm depth (about 1200–1550 AD), and a stage of high primary productivity with strong currents and upwelling above 30 cm depth (about 1550–1950 AD). The stage with high primary productive appeared to be due to the northward-expanded muddy area caused by strong Asian Winter Monsoon and enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter. In conclusion, the BSi and TOC in the muddy sediments, the symbols of marine primary productivity, can be then used to investigate the evolution history of currents and relative climate change in the offshore areas.     

������Χ��TOPEX/Poseidon���Dz�߲��η���

??TOPEX/Poseidon????????????Χ???????ν??з??????ó?????:?????????????Χ???????????ε?????;????????????????????ζ??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????     

����GOCE������ݷ����ϼ����������仯

????????????????y?????GOCE???????????10??60??ε?????????????????GOCE??гλ????в?????????????????????????????????з????????30°??Χ????????仯??????????GOCE??????????????B????(-75°, 250°)???????仯??-9.15 cm/a????B???????????????????