A New Global Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) Data Product from TanSat Measurements

The Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat)is the third satellite for global CO2 monitoring and is capable of detecting weak solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)signals with its advanced technical characteristics.Based on the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon Dioxide Retrieval Algorithm for Satellite Remote Sensing(IAPCAS)platform,we successfully retrieved the TanSat global SIF product spanning the period of March 2017 to February 2018 with a physically based algorithm.This paper introduces the new TanSat SIF dataset and shows the global seasonal SIF maps.A brief comparison between the IAPCAS TanSat SIF product and the data-driven SVD(singular value decomposition)SIF product is also performed for follow-up algorithm optimization.The comparative results show that there are regional biases between the two SIF datasets and the linear correlations between them are above 0.73 for all seasons.The future SIF data product applications and requirements for SIF space observation are discussed.     

基于深度图像目标检测的智能台风涡旋识别技术

基于2005—2020年的中国气象局台风最佳路径数据集以及葵花(Himawari)8和风云(FY)卫星云图数据,首先将卫星原始数据转换为FULLDISK灰度图像作为台风涡旋识别技术的图像来源,并制定新的VOC(Visual Object Classes)标注规范,构建了样本标注数据集。利用运行速度快、识别准确率高的人工智能领域经典目标检测SSD(Single Shot MultiBox Detector)模型作为台风涡旋识别的基础模型,并针对台风涡旋识别的独特性,特别是弱涡旋识别困难,提出一种迭代的SSD目标检测模型,明显提高了台风涡旋的识别精度。通过目标检测技术对卫星云图进行智能特征分析、抽取、识别和定位,实现了自动涡旋正确识别和定位,最终建立了智能台风涡旋识别技术。测试结果显示：该技术对强热带风暴级以下强度台风涡旋正确识别率为40%～80%,对强热带风暴级及以上强度台风涡旋正确识别率达90%以上,能够精准识别强台风级及以上强度涡旋,该技术为今后业务利用高时空分辨率卫星图像对台风进行实时精密监测提供了技术支撑。     

夏季巴丹吉林沙漠残余层与深厚对流边界层的关系研究

利用2012年7月"巴丹吉林沙漠陆气相互作用及其对区域气候的影响研究"实验所得到的观测资料和中尺度气象模式WRF,对夏季巴丹吉林沙漠对流边界层高度发展的特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2012年7月在巴丹吉林沙漠连续观测到厚度超过3500 m的深厚对流边界层,其最大高度可达4000 m以上;当这种深厚对流边界层出现之前,当地中低层大气(1000~4000 m)存在近中性的残余层,而在没有近中性残留层出现时,即便地表感热通量较大,当天最大对流边界层高度却明显偏低;(2)WRF模式模拟结果表明残余层稳定度和对流边界层高度之间的负相关关系在空间区域成立,残余层位温直减率与当地对流边界层高度在时间和空间分布上都呈现显著的负相关关系;残余层位温直减率与对流边界层高度的空间相关系数最大值可达-0.51;(3)观测和模拟结果均表明残余层稳定度会直接影响由感热通量产生的对流边界层的发展效率,进而影响对流边界层的最大高度。通过研究发现,除感热通量外,近中性的残余层是巴丹吉林地区深厚对流边界层出现的关键条件之一。     

基于深度学习的卫星多通道图像融合的海雾监测处理方法

海雾无论在海上还是在沿岸地带，都因其恶劣的能见度对交通运输、海洋捕捞和海洋开发工程以及军事活动等造成不良影响，因此对于海雾的实时监测和预报就显得尤为重要。本文提出了基于深度学习的静止气象卫星多通道图像融合分割算法，使用D LinkNet深度卷积神经网络语义分割算法模型对黄渤海海域范围的16通道、空间分辨率为0.5 km的Himawari 8卫星数据进行研究。分别采用均交并比（mIOU）以及观测值检验作为评价指标，在测试集上的mIOU为0.9436，并且用卫星测试数据结果与海上观测数据结果进行对比，得出雾区准确率（检测有雾且真实有雾/检测有雾）为66.5%，雾区识别率（检测有雾且真实有雾/（真实有雾-云覆盖））为51.9%，检测正确率(检测正确/总样本)93.2%。本文提出的方法能为海雾监测提供一个可靠的参考。     

一次触发闪电地电位抬升引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件分析

基于触发闪电开展了电流注入地网后地电位抬升反击氧化锌电涌保护器的试验研究.结合真实雷电环境下测量的电涌保护器两端残压和流经电流的数据,对一次触发闪电引发的氧化锌电涌保护器损坏事件进行了分析.分析发现,电流注入地网后,回击过程瞬间的大能量和长连续电流过程累积的能量相互叠加共同作用损坏了氧化锌电涌保护器.回击发生时,较大的...     

广州高建筑物雷电回击光脉冲特征分析

为了深入认识负地闪放电过程中光辐射信号的特性,对广州高建筑物雷电观测站所获得的回击光脉冲波形进行了分析.对观测到的88例负地闪事件中的184次回击(包括60次下行闪电首次回击、58次下行闪电继后回击、66次上行闪电继后回击)的光脉冲特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:下行闪电首次回击光脉冲10％～90％上升时间T1的算术平均...     

A New Index About the Walker Circulation

The Walker circulation (WC) has always been an important issue in atmospheric science research due to the association between the WC and tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and between the WC and ENSO events. In this paper, a new index-Omega index (OMGI) - is constructed for WC characterization based on the NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data of monthly mean vertical velocity in recent 70 years (1948-2017). Results show that the OMGI can accurately depict the variation characteristics of WC on seasonal, annual and decadal time-scales. There is a significant inverse correlation between the OMGI and equatorial eastern and central Pacific SST. Meanwhile, the peak of the OMGI appears ahead of the ENSO peak, and therefore is able to reflect the SST in the equatorial Pacific. Especially, in 35 ENSO events, the peak of the OMGI appears earlier than Ni?o 3.4 index for 19 times with 2.6 months ahead on average. In 16 El Ni?o events, the peak of the OMGI occurs ahead of the El Ni?o for 9 times with 4 months ahead on average. In 19 La Ni?a events, the OMGI peak arises 10 times earlier than the La Ni?a peak, with an average of 1.4 months ahead. OMGI shows obvious leading effect and stability over ENSO events with different strengths and types of single peak and multi peaks: the peak of the OMGI keeps about 2-3 months ahead of the ENSO. Compared with other WC indexes such as UWI and SPLI, OMGI has some advantages in the ability to describe WC changes and present the probability and thetime of prediction of ENSO event peaks.     

Analysis of the Spectral Characteristics of Triggered Lightning

The spectra with wavelength range of 390 nm to 660 nm of triggered lightning were observed in Guangdong Area using a slitless spectrograph. The characteristics of the lightning spectra during the initial continuous current and return strokes were analyzed, and the differences between the metal section and air section of the lightning channel were compared. The results showed that the metal spectra were contained in the metal section during the initial continuous current. As for the lightning channel of the return strokes, the line spectra for both the metal section and the air section were identical; neither of the two sections contained the metal spectra, but the relative intensity of its emission spectrum was different. Owing to different radiation mechanisms, the spectral structures and luminance of the two sections were not the same. Combined with the current data, it was found that there was a good positive correlation between the total spectral strength and the transferred charge. The total intensity of the lightning channel spectrum increased with the height of the channel, indicating that the radiation sequence of the lightning channel was different. High temporal resolution observations showed that the spectral line duration could be divided into three categories, in which the lines with higher excitation energy appear first and decay rapidly, while those with lower excitation energy appear later but last longer.     

Evaluating Soil Moisture Predictions Based on Ensemble Kalman Filter and SiB2 Model

Soil moisture is an important variable in the fields of hydrology, meteorology, and agriculture, and has been used for numerous applications and forecasts. Accurate soil moisture predictions on both a large scale and local scale for different soil depths are needed. In this study, a soil moisture assimilation and prediction based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF) and Simple Biosphere Model(SiB2) have been performed in Meilin watershed, eastern China, to evaluate the initial state values with different assimilation frequencies and precipitation influences on soil moisture predictions. The assimilated results at the end of the assimilation period with different assimilation frequencies were set to be the initial values for the prediction period. The measured precipitation, randomly generated precipitation,and zero precipitation were used to force the land surface model in the prediction period. Ten cases were considered based on the initial value and precipitation. The results indicate that, for the summer prediction period with the deeper water table depth, the assimilation results with different assimilation frequencies influence soil moisture predictions significantly. The higher assimilation frequency gives better soil moisture predictions for a long lead-time. The soil moisture predictions are affected by precipitation within the prediction period. For a short lead-time, the soil moisture predictions are better for the case with precipitation, but for a long lead-time, they are better without precipitation. For the winter prediction period with a lower water table depth, there are better soil moisture predictions for the whole prediction period. Unlike the summer prediction period, the soil moisture predictions of winter prediction period are not significantly influenced by precipitation. Overall, it is shown that soil moisture assimilations improve its predictions.     

地球科学知识体系编辑平台

随着信息技术和地球科学的发展,地球科学领域数据快速增长,积累了海量数据,亟需建立领域知识图谱促进地球科学大数据的利用。因此深时数字地球（DDE）提出构建地学知识库和知识图谱,为未来的地学研究提供新一代的基础科研工具,促进研究范式的变革。文章回顾了知识图谱的发展历史,对主要知识体系构建工具进行了调研。结合地球科学学科特点,梳理了地球科学知识体系对构建工具的需求,并设计和实现了一个面向地球科学知识体系的专业编辑平台：“地球科学知识体系编辑平台”。平台具有操作简单、协同编辑、协同审核等一系列特点,基本满足地球科学知识体系的建设需求,填补了这一领域的空白。平台上线以来,已经有18个地球科学领域的专业学科人员在线协同构建,极大提高了地球科学知识图谱建设的效率。在此基础上,结合目前地球科学知识图谱建设状况,从技术角度出发,对地球科学知识体系编辑平台的后续发展方向进行了讨论。