湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性与改善措施研究

随着预应力锚索在湿陷性黄土边坡加固工程中的广泛应用,其耐久性问题就变得日益突出,湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索出现了较多因预应力损失而引起的失效事故。基于湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索运行现状进行研究,研究表明:黄土腐蚀性对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响微弱,黄土湿陷性和地质条件变化对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响显著;通过采用加强排水措施、提升浅部注浆工艺和注重运行维护等措施可以改善湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性;改善后的预应力锚索在监测期内处于平稳波动的服役状态,运行效果良好。本研究以期为湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索的设计、施工和运行维护等提供借鉴。     

四川会理拉拉铜矿找矿预测模型构建与找矿示范

勘查区找矿预测理论与方法体系是基于全国129个典型矿床的深入研究,以及在勘查项目实践验证基础上总结而形成的一种特别适合生产找矿第一线使用的有效方法。该方法以成矿作用内因(元素的地球化学特征)和外因(地质作用类型)相结合的思路,构建以成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主要内容的找矿预测地质模型。四川会理地区位于扬子板块西缘,区域成矿地质条件优越,经历多期构造事件叠加,形成了一系列独具特色的铁铜矿床。近年来,在拉拉铜矿的深部及外围已取得了重大找矿突破和进展。本文以会理拉拉铜矿为典型实例及深部找矿预测成果示范,阐述该方法在深部找矿预测中的具体应用过程,得出了如下认识:早期成矿地质体为赋矿火山岩(河口群钠长岩类),成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为基(中)性火山岩与沉积岩的界面及可能的喷溢口;热液叠加期成矿地质体推测为深部隐伏岩体,成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为褶皱、断裂和裂隙。在总结成矿作用特征标志基础上,建立了拉拉铜矿勘查区找矿预测地质模型。通过与地质和物探方法相结合,圈定红泥坡南部为找矿靶区,经钻探验证,发现厚大矿体,打开了区域找矿空间。     

西藏南羌塘增生杂岩中俯冲反向驱动高压变质岩折返:来自猫耳山大型拆离断层的启示

大洋岩石圈俯冲增生过程中可能伴随着复杂的深部板片运动过程。高压变质岩无疑是记录这些深部过程的良好载体。最近的研究提出,在特定情况下,双向俯冲中占主导的俯冲板块拖曳另一侧板块发生反向运动,从而短板片可能被另一侧长板片拖出。该研究提示我们关注俯冲增生过程中这种可能的“不正常”的板片运动方式,从而客观而全面地剖析碰撞造山带。现有高压变质岩折返模式中,除了俯冲隧道流模式,其余模式均强调单次快速折返。然而,俯冲反向运动导致的折返过程有所不同:对单个高压变质岩来说仍是快速折返,但是对整体高压变质岩带来说,整个俯冲反向期间必然都存在高压变质岩折返,从而形成较长的折返过程持续时间。对上地壳层次的折返相关构造变形的研究有助于揭示上述过程。     

安徽上金山钨钼矿化探异常特征及找矿潜力分析

通过1:50000水系沉积物测量、1:25000土壤地球化学测量工作,在安徽上金山地区圈定出多个强度大、峰值高、组合好的W、Mo组合异常,经工程验证,在AP-4、AP-5、AP-8异常范围内发现了钨钼矿体,经过勘查工作最终探获一大型层控矽卡岩型钨钼矿床,实现了江南隆起带东段找矿的重大突破.依据成矿地质条件、地球化学异常及工程验证成果对比研究认为,矿区内AP-3、AP-7化探异常仍有较大的找矿潜力,若进一步开展勘查工作,钨钼资源量将显著增加.     

煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展的思考与探讨

煤炭地质勘查工作关系国家能源安全,在国民经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。伴随煤炭行业绿色转型和新能源革命新形势,及时调整产业结构,向大地质、大资源、大生态方向拓展服务领域,为国家生态文明建设和煤炭产业绿色安全高效发展提供坚实的地质技术保障,成为煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展必然趋势和未来发展方向。结合煤田地质勘查工作发展历程及现状、发展趋势,对煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展方向进行深入剖析和探讨。     

Integration of zircon and apatite U–Pb geochronology and geochemical mapping of the Wude basalts(Emeishan large igneous province):A tool for a better understanding of the tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of the Emeishan LIP

Radiogenic isotopic dating and Lu–Hf isotopic composition using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)of the Wude basalt in Yunnan province from the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP)yielded timing of formation and post-eruption tectonothermal event.Holistic lithogeochemistry and elements mapping of basaltic rocks were further reevaluated to provide insights into crustal contamination and formation of the ELIP.A zircon U–Pb age of 251.3±2.0 Ma of the Wude basalt recorded the youngest volcanic eruption event and was consistent with the age span of 251-263 Ma for the emplacement of the ELIP.Such zircons hadε_Hf(t)values ranging from7.3 to+2.2,identical to those of magmatic zircons from the intrusive rocks of the ELIP,suggesting that crust-mantle interaction occurred during magmatic emplacement,or crust-mantle mixing existed in the deep source region prior to deep melting.The apatite U–Pb age at 53.6±3.4 Ma recorded an early Eocene magmatic superimposition of a regional tectonothermal event,corresponding to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision.Negative Nb,Ta,Ti and P anomalies of the Emeishan basalt may reflect crustal contamination.The uneven Nb/La and Th/Ta values distribution throughout the ELIP supported a mantle plume model origin.Therefore,the ELIP was formed as a result of a mantle plume which was later superimposed by a regional tectonothermal event attributed to the Indian–Eurasian plate collision during early Eocene.     

Analysis and design charts for 3D active earth pressure in cohesive soils with cracks

The prediction of active earth pressure was generally implemented under the assumptions of two-dimensional conditions and cohesionless soils. However, in practice, the soils usually display a considerable level of cohesion, and the collapse of retained slopes exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) nature. Considering this fact, this paper intends to predict the 3D active earth pressure in cohesive soils based on the kinematic limit-analysis method and a 3D rotational collapse mechanism. The influence of cracks is considered, including a crack forming before the failure of retained soil masses (open crack) and a crack forming simultaneously with the failure (formation crack). The active earth pressure coefficient is estimated based on the work-energy balance principle. In order to facilitate direct application, several design charts are provided. It is shown that accounting for soil cohesion and 3D effects results in a notable decrease in the active earth pressure, whereas considering the existence of cracks would increase the pressure value. This paper develops the studies on active earth pressure, which considers the presence of cohesion, cracks, and 3D effects together for the first time. The results of this paper can offer references in designs of retaining structures for cohesive slopes.

     

Compression behavior of MICP-treated sand with various gradations

Acta Geotechnica - One-dimensional compression tests on quartz sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) were carried out to evaluate the effects of gradation and calcium...     

Homogeneity and mechanical behaviors of sands improved by a temperature-controlled one-phase MICP method

Acta Geotechnica - Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been actively investigated as a promising method to improve soil properties. A burning issue impeding its wide application...     

Metal-enriched nanoparticles and black carbon: A perspective from the Brazil railway system air pollution

Having a better understanding of air pollutants in railway systems is crucial to ensure a clean public transport. This study measured, for the first time in Brazil, nanoparticles (NPs) and black carbon (BC) on two ground-level platforms and inside trains of the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre (MAPA). An intense sampling campaign during thirteen consecutive months was carried out and the chemical composition of NPs was examined by advanced microscopy techniques. The results showed that highest concentrations of the pollutants occur in colder seasons and influenced by variables such as frequency of the trains and passenger densities. Also, internal and external sources of pollution at the stations were identified. The predominance of NPs enriched with metals that increase oxidative stress like Cd, Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, V, Hg, Sn, and Ba both on the platforms and inside trains, including Fe-minerals as hematite and magnetite, represents a critical risk to the health of passengers and employees of the system. This interdisciplinary and multi-analytical study aims to provide an improved understanding of reported adverse health effects induced by railway system aerosols.