河南省光山县薄刀岭银金矿控矿条件及成矿模式浅析

薄刀岭银金矿是典型的韧、脆性剪切带型矿床,主要成矿作用为燕山晚期,石英脉残余含矿热液与深对流循环萃取的成矿物质因介质条件改变而沉积成矿。成矿物质来源于薄刀岭大石英脉和高背景地层龟山岩组。其成矿作用受韧性剪切断裂控制作用明显。     

动力定位系统的模糊自适应控制

本文设计了一个用于海洋动力定位系统运动控制的模糊自适应控制器。文中提出了一种优化设计方法,使模糊控制性能接近最优,并保证了自适应控制的稳定性。仿真结果表明：该控制器有效、实用,在各种环境下都能取得满意的控制效果。该方法对于海上平台、动力定位船舶及潜器等控制系统都是适用的。     

单点系泊FPSO气隙预报的时域和频域分析

以单点系泊的FPSO为研究对象,Matlab软件为计算工具,在百年一遇的极限海况下,采用频域和时域方法对FPSO的气隙进行了数值模拟。针对频域计算结果,预报FPSO在不同浪向下的上浪危险点,并基于时域和频域计算结果,比较FPSO的气隙预报的差异。分析表明:频域方法能够用来快速预测气隙危险点的位置,但是会相对低估各个上浪分析点处的气隙高度值,而且无法考虑风标效应,频域方法无法模拟FPSO在实际环境中真实的气隙变化过程,这会高估在横浪下的FPSO的危险性。     

南海中尺度涡的演化过程与行为追踪:一种基于全局最邻近滤波的方法

The eddy tracking approach is developed using the global nearest neighbor filter(GNNF) to investigate the evolution processes and behaviors of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea(SCS). Combining the Kalman filter and optimal data association technologies, the GNNF algorithm is able to reduce pairing errors to 0.2% in tracking synthetic eddy tracks, outperforming other existing methods. A total of 4 913 eddy tracks that last more than a week are obtained by the GNNF during 1993–2012. The analysis of a growth and a decay based on 3 445 simple eddy tracks show that eddy radius, amplitude, and vorticity smoothly increase during the first half of lifetime and decline during the second half following a parabola opening downwards. The genesis of eddies mainly clusters northwest and southwest of Luzon Island whereas the dissipations concentrate the Xisha Islands where the underwater bay traps and terminates eddies. West of the Luzon Strait, northwest of Luzon Island, and southeast of Vietnam are regions where eddy splits and mergers are frequently observed. Short disappearances mainly distribute in the first two regions. Moreover, eddy splits generally result in a decrease of the radius and the amplitude whereas eddy mergers induce growing up. Eddy intensity and vorticity, on the contrary, are strengthened in the eddy splits and diminished in mergers.     

鲜水河断裂带乾宁段晚第四纪走滑速率及区域强震危险性研究

活动断裂几何学特征及滑动速率是研究断裂运动学、动力学机制及其评估区域强震危险性的重要依据。青藏高原东缘左行走滑的鲜水河断裂带是控制高原物质向南东挤出的重要边界,是中国陆内活动性最强的断裂之一。本文以鲜水河断裂带北西段为研究对象,通过高精度遥感影像解译、野外考察、OSL(光释光)和¹⁴C测年方法以及LiDAR(激光雷达)扫描获得乾宁段龙灯乡冲积阶地的位错量和废弃年龄。T4和T3′水平位错量分别为106±5 m和77±2 m, T4阶地垂直位错量为9.6±0.5 m。T4和T3′阶地的废弃年龄分别为11±1 ka和7±1 ka。结合对应的年龄和位错量,得到乾宁段晚第四纪走滑速率左行走滑速率为10.5±1 mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.9±0.1 mm/a,断层倾向北东,具有正断运动学特征。通过重新计算断裂两侧GPS矢量沿断裂方向分量,得到鲜水河断裂带炉霍段、炉霍—康定段、磨西段现今左行走滑速率分别约为8.1 mm/a、8.2 mm/a、9.4 mm/a,整体表现为自北西向南东递增。综合乾宁段晚第四纪走滑速率和最新强震活动的离逝时间估算,认为鲜水河断裂带乾宁段目前应变累积...     

水位波动下包气带透镜体影响LNAPL迁移的数值模拟研究

轻质非水相液体（LNAPLs）在土壤包气带中具有多相态特征,非均质性、地下水位波动等因素将显著增加包气带内LNAPLs污染的复杂程度。已有研究多关注于揭示包气带内自由相LNAPLs的污染过程,少有更为深入地探究水位波动时非均质结构对LNAPLs迁移及各相态分布规律的影响。基于TOUGH2程序构建包气带多相流数值模型,以揭示透镜体结构与地下水位波动共同作用下LNAPLs迁移过程及相态分布。研究结果表明：（1）含水率变化是LNAPLs迁移分布的主要控制因素,包气带内受透镜体介质岩性、水位波动影响所呈现的含水率变化直接控制LNAPLs迁移规律及分布特征;（2）水位恒定时,细砂透镜体使LNAPL呈“蓄积穿透-横向扩展-绕流”迁移,粗砂透镜体则是LNAPL垂向迁移的“优势通道”,水位波动引起的细砂透镜体含水率变化使“绕流”显著增强,粗砂透镜体则进一步呈现“优势空间”作用;（3）水位恒定时,细砂透镜体模型中LNAPL滞留于透镜体内部,粗砂模型中LNAPL则集中于透镜体下方,水位波动下透镜体附近LNAPL分布范围扩展,两模型LNAPL分布面积较水位恒定时分别增大51%、63%;（4）两模型中LNAPL挥发通量均呈“先减小-后增大”规律,并受LNAPL-气体接触条件及LNAPL分布状况共同作用,水位波动打破三相平衡状态,主要表现为水位抬升阶段LNAPL挥发增强,此时两模型中平均挥发量较水位恒定时增大124%～126%。研究为非均质石油污染场地中的LNAPL污染过程认识提供了科学的理论依据。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Late Ladinian OIB-like basalts from Tabai, Yunnan Province, China

Major and trace elements analysis has been carried out on the Late Ladinian Tabai basalts from Yunnan Province with the aim of studying their petrogenesis. Their SiO2 contents range from 43.63 wt.% to 48.23 wt.%. The basalts belong to the weakly alkaline(average total alkalis Na2 O+K2O=3.59 wt.%), high-Ti(3.21 wt.% to 4.32 wt.%) magma series. The basalts are characterized by OIB-like trace elements patterns, which are enriched in large ion lithosphile elements(LILE) including Rb and Ba, and display negative K, Zr and Hf anomalies as shown on the spider diagrams. The Tabai basalts display light rare-earth elements(LREE) enrichment and are depleted in heavy rare-earth elements(HREE) on the REE pattern. Those dates indicate that the parental magma of the Tabai basalts was derived from low-degree(1%–5%) partial melting of garnet peridotite. The magma underwent olivine fractional crystallization and minor crustal contamination during their ascent. The Tabai basalts were related to a relaxation event which had triggered the Emeishan fossil plume head re-melting in the Middle Triassic.     

一种河口湾海岸线渐进化简方法

形态复杂的河口湾海岸线自动化简是当前线要素化简研究的难点之一。在现有研究基础上,结合地理特征影响下河口湾海岸线形态特点及海图综合约束,提出一种河口湾海岸线渐进化简方法。该方法以约束Delaunay三角网为支撑构建河口湾骨架线二叉树模型,结构化表达河口湾海岸线形态特征;基于此模型,通过叶子流路渐进取舍、"退化"充分化简细小弯曲或弯曲细小部分,通过局部夸大消除河口湾内视觉冲突等,实现河口湾海岸线化简。试验结果表明,该方法充分化简目标尺度下不可视的局部细节,顾及河口湾海岸线整体形态特征保持,在几何层次、地理层次上都具有一定优越性,适于多种形态河口湾海岸线化简应用。     

样线法在北方基岩性海岛植被调查中的应用效果评价 ——以北长山岛为例

植被是海岛生态系统的重要组成部分。由于海岛陆地环境与大陆的差异性,现有的陆域植被调查方法不能完全适用于海岛植被。亟须结合现有成熟的陆地植被调查方法,选取不同类型的海岛,对调查方法中的关键环节进行实地测试,积累数据进行统计分析,以得到适用于海岛特殊地理环境海岛植被调查技术方法。文章针对植被调查中的样线法,以北长山岛两种不同面积的调查区域为例,对比分析不同样线设置方法,明确在该岛屿何种坡向、坡位,何种类型植物群落中设置样线,以及设置多长的样线才能够较为完整地代表该调查区域的植物物种丰富度,同时降低大量的调查时间,最终确定最优的海岛样线设置原则,为海岛植被群落调查中样线的有效选择提供科学依据。     

Sedimentology,provenance and geochronology of the Miocene Qiuwu Formation: Implication for the uplift history of Southern Tibet

Located on the south of the Gangdese,the Qiuwu Formation has traditionally been considered as Eocene coal-bearing clastic sediments consisting of sandstone,mudstone and conglomerate,unconformably on top of Gangdese batholith.However,its precise age and depositional environment remain ambiguous.Here,we present a newly measured stratigraphic section near the Ngamring County,western Xigaze.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages were also applied to trace the provenance of sediments and to constrain the maximum depositional age of the Qiuwu Formation.Sedimentary facies analyses indicate subaqueous fan and alluvial fan depositional environments.Clast composition of the conglomerate is dominated by magmatic rocks at the lower part,while chert and mafic detritus occur in the upper part,suggesting a southern source.Sandstone modal analyses indicate that the compositions of quartz,feldspar and lithic grains changed from transitional arc to dissected arc,implying the unroofing of the Gangdese arc.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Qiuwu Formation are compared with those from Gangdese magmatic rocks and Yarlung-Zangbo ophiolites,suggesting that the Gangdese arc is a main source of the Qiuwu detritus and that the southern source played a role during the later stage.The major peak of detrital zircon ages is at 45-55 Ma,which corresponds to Linzizong volcanic rocks in southern Gangdese arc.The weighted mean age of the five youngest zircons from the lower part of the section is 21.0 ± 2.2 Ma,suggesting that the Qiuwu Formation was deposited in early Miocene,coeval with other conglomerates exposed along the southern margin of Gangdese.Combining new observations with previously published data,we propose that the provenance of the Qiuwu Formation had shifted from a single northern source to double sources from both the north and the south.Activities of Great Counter Thrust were primarily responsible for the shift by making the south area a high elevation to provide sediments for the Qiuwu Formation.