北京郊区地表水中有机氯农药残留水平及特征

有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDT)、六六六(HCH)等化学性质非常稳定,很难生物降解,对环境及人类健康构成了严重威胁。尽管我国从1983年起已禁止使用,但现在的土壤、水等环境样品中仍有不同程度的检出。水资源是自然环境的主要组成要素,又是农业生产的重要自然资源。以往已有学者对北京部分河流地表水中有机氯农药残留进行过研究,发现存在不同程度水体污染。近年来,经过各方大力控制水体污染和环境治理,北京地区地表水中仍有有机氯农药残留,其残留现状是人们十分关心的重要问题。因此本文选择北京郊区为研究区域,采集了温榆河、北运河、延庆、房山、昌平、顺义等地区地表水,分析了水体中DDTs和HCHs污染物的含量以及分布情况,结果表明DDTs、HCHs在北京郊区地表水中均有不同程度的检出,DDTs含量为ND~1398 ng/L,HCHs含量为387~14642 ng/L。本文同时研究了DDT与其代谢产物DDE、DDD的组成比例以及HCH同分异构体的组成特征,对北京郊区地表水中DDTs和HCHs的污染来源进行了简要分析。     

冰川地震学研究进展

冰川地震学结合了冰川学和地震学的综合优势,形成一门年轻的交叉学科.冰震是指冰川运动和破裂过程中产生的振动,包括从微小的嘎吱声到相当于7级地震的突发性破裂或滑动.当前,根据冰震发生的位置以及发生机理的不同,将冰震大概分为五类:冰川表层破裂、冰川终端崩解、冰内水力压裂、冰腔水流震荡、冰层基底黏滑.冰震研究除了可以采用传统地震学方法外,也可以结合GPS、数值模拟、冰川物性等多学科综合方法来研究,进一步可以探究冰崩的发生过程及危险性评估.本文回顾了国内外冰川地震学的研究进展,介绍了我国研究人员在青藏高原地区开展的冰川地震研究工作,综合探讨了冰川地震对天然地震研究的启示.     

河南省光山县薄刀岭银金矿控矿条件及成矿模式浅析

薄刀岭银金矿是典型的韧、脆性剪切带型矿床,主要成矿作用为燕山晚期,石英脉残余含矿热液与深对流循环萃取的成矿物质因介质条件改变而沉积成矿。成矿物质来源于薄刀岭大石英脉和高背景地层龟山岩组。其成矿作用受韧性剪切断裂控制作用明显。     

A Modeling Study of Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Aerosols over East Asia

In this study, a regional air quality model system (RAQMS) was applied to investigate the spatial distributions and seasonal variations of atmospheric aerosols in 2006 over East Asia. Model validations demonstrated that RAQMS was able to reproduce the evolution processes of aerosol components reasonably well. Ground-level PM₁₀ (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) concentrations were highest in spring and lowest in summer and were characterized by three maximum centers: the Taklimakan Desert (～1000 μg m^-3), the Gobi Desert (～400 μg m^-3), and the Huabei Plain (～300 μm^-3) of China. Vertically, high PM₁₀ concentrations ranging from 100 μg m^-3 to 250 μg m^-3 occurred from the surface to an altitude of 6000 m at 30^o--45^oN in spring. In winter, the vertical gradient was so large that most aerosols were restricted in the boundary layer. Both sulfate and ammonium reached their highest concentrations in autumn, while nitrate reached its maximum level in winter. Black carbon and organic carbon aerosol concentrations reached maximums in winter. Soil dust were strongest in spring, whereas sea salt exerted the strongest influence on the coastal regions of eastern China in summer. The estimated burden of anthropogenic aerosols was largest in winter (1621 Gg) and smallest in summer (1040 Gg). The sulfate burden accounted for ～42% of the total anthropogenic aerosol burden. The dust burden was about twice the anthropogenic aerosol burden, implying the potentially important impacts of the natural aerosols on air quality and climate over East Asia.     

Effects of sediment texture on in-stream nitrogen uptake

A comparative experiment was conducted in two cross sections with sandy and sandy loam sediment textures along an agricultural drainage stream in eastern China to address the effects of sediment texture on in-stream nitrogen uptake efficiency. Using dimerous chambers for in situ incubations, NO₃-N and NH₄-N uptake metrics (i.e., areal uptake rate and uptake velocity) and associated hydrochemical variables in the enclosed sediment–water column system were measured for 8 days and two nights across April–July in 2011 and March–June in 2012. For the investigated sites, in-stream uptake accounted for 2–45 and 9–36 % of the initial NH₄-N and NO₃-N within the enclosed water column, respectively. Although similar daytime, diel and day-to-day (daytime) variation patterns of NO₃-N or NH₄-N uptake metrics were observed for the two sites, the sandy loam sediments had average net NO₃-N and NH₄-N uptake efficiency ~50 % higher and ~40 % lower than for the sandy sediments, respectively. As NO₃-N was the dominant nitrogen form in the studied water columns (typical of agricultural drainage rivers), the sandy loam sediment site had an average of about 47 % higher net uptake efficiency for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (i.e., NO₃-N + NH₄-N). This study demonstrates that sediment texture has a considerable effect on spatial variation of nitrogen uptake along the river system. Changing sediment texture due to anthropogenic modifications on catchment land use and stream channels has the potential to change stream nitrogen cycling as well as altering nitrogen inputs and forms to downstream aquatic ecosystems.     

东南亚国家海洋保护区发展探析

为促进区域海洋生态环境和海洋生物多样性保护,文章分析东南亚9个沿海国家海洋保护区的发展状况,提出其发展特点和困境,并针对我国开展相关合作提出建议。研究结果表明：越南、马来西亚、柬埔寨、菲律宾、缅甸、文莱、印度尼西亚、新加坡和泰国海洋保护区的法律框架、管理方式和发展现状各有不同;新冠肺炎疫情和国家政治局势在不同程度上影响东南亚海洋保护区的发展;我国可在已有框架基础上,加强与东南亚国家开展海洋生物多样性保护合作。     

土壤中微塑料的吸附迁移及老化作用对污染物环境行为的影响研究进展

微塑料(粒径小于5mm的塑料颗粒),由于其自身较强的迁移特性及对环境污染物较强的亲和力,会引发严重生态风险,受到广泛关注。微塑料可以通过地膜破损、垃圾填埋和大气沉降等方式汇集在土壤中。土壤中的微塑料不仅会向下迁移,吸附富集共存的污染物,还会在表生地球化学作用下发生老化,对环境安全造成更大的威胁。本文基于近年文献重点综述了土壤环境中微塑料的吸附迁移行为以及老化作用对污染物环境行为的影响。结果表明：(1)微塑料在土壤中的迁移行为受到其自身理化性质(大小、形状及官能团)及土壤环境条件的影响;(2)微塑料可以吸附携带外部环境污染物迁移,从而改变污染物在环境中的归宿与生物可利用性;(3)老化作用会改变微塑料理化性质,影响微塑料的吸附与迁移能力,加速内源污染物的释放,其中有机污染物邻苯二甲酸酯释放的浓度范围约为50.3～6660ng/g,常见重金属Pb²⁺的释放浓度范围约为5.1～81.4μg/g。本文建议今后应加强三方面研究工作：(1)不同土壤环境中多因素耦合条件下,开展微塑料与环境污染物的相互作用机制研究,特别是不同土壤介质及环境因素对污染物在微塑料上的吸附/解吸/迁移行...     

Seismicity and velocity structure of the 2020 Ms 5.1 Tangshan earthquake

Journal of Seismology - Based on the arrival time data and waveform cross-correlation data recorded by permanent seismic stations and the third phase ChinArray temporary seismic stations in the...     

四川雷波地区下寒武统麦地坪含磷地层研究及磷矿资源潜力分析

【研究目的】四川省雷波县至云南省永善县是寒武系麦地坪组磷矿聚集区,含磷地层的研究不仅有助于深入分析磷矿形成的古地理环境及其变化特征,而且结合构造背景的研究,可研究磷矿形成分布规律,为磷矿的开发提供理论依据。【研究方法】以岩心编录及剖面测量为基础,研究了雷波地区麦地坪组含磷层系厚度、岩性、沉积相、沉积模式、构造背景、盆地性质、磷矿成因机制、磷块岩岩石学特征及其变化等。【研究成果】阐明了雷波地区麦地坪组在50km范围内,岩性、岩相的巨大差异以及磷块岩特征,指出雷波地区在麦地坪组沉积时期呈隆、凹相间的格局,缺失浅水陆棚相。白云岩相区属潮坪相,是磷矿聚集的有利地段。硅质岩属深水陆棚相,是火山活动形成的热水作用成因。磷矿的聚集是硅质岩相区火山活动,生物发育,高温洋流由下向上运动,携带生物遗体分解的高P₂O₅浓度海水在凹陷区两侧白云岩相区沉积和改造的结果。从大地构造背景、盆地性质、磷质来源、磷的迁移、沉淀、富集阐述了磷矿成矿作用机制,提出雷波地区磷矿是多种因素作用形成,建立了相应的磷矿成矿模式。【结论】发现揭示了新元古代末期至寒武纪早期,裂谷盆地发育的晚期阶段,一种新的磷成矿作用——隆、凹相间的古地理格局及微弱的火山活动,在空间上有效配置,并由此提出在凹陷两侧白云岩相区寻找磷矿的预测评价新思路,指出针对麦地坪组磷矿找矿的新方向,在找矿空间可由凹陷区向四周拓展。