以内陆水体为观测目标的GF-1影像常规融合方法评价

内陆水体的研究需要遥感影像具备高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率,这使得影像的全色（PAN）波段和多光谱（MS）波段之间的融合尤为重要。本文以钱塘江大缺口段为研究对象,采用四种常规融合方法,包括Pan Sharpening（PS）、主成分分析（PCA）、Gram Schmidt（GS）和小波分析（WF）,分别对GF-1影像开展了全色波段和多光谱波段的融合方法评价。研究结果表明,GS融合后的影像效果最好,随后分别是PCA、WF和PS。由于水陆之间反射率信息获取的根本差异,大面积水体的存在会影响到融合影像保留源图像空间和光谱信息的能力。因而,在进行遥感影像融合时,融合方法的选择需要考虑影像中水域面积的分布情况。     

西南印度洋中脊活动与非活动热液区沉积物元素地球化学特征对比

龙旂热液区与断桥热液区分别是西南印度洋中脊典型的活动与非活动热液区。为研究两区内表层沉积物地球化学特征,对共59件表层沉积物进行了元素地球化学测试,对其进行物质组分、富集系数与R型聚类等分析。结果表明:两区内普遍含较高的Ca、Sr、Ba等生源元素和Fe、Mg、Si、Al等围岩元素,而构造、围岩和热液活动等因素的不同,使两区沉积物的元素地球化学特征存在差异。龙旂区沉积物出现了源于超基性围岩的组分并体现在元素聚类组合中,其沉积物中热液富集相关元素Cu、Zn、Fe和Co等。断桥区更高的生源元素含量可能指示其热液活动停止后,主要受生物沉积作用的影响,该区热液相关元素与基性围岩联系紧密,表现出Pb与W的明显富集。     

基于随机场理论的盾构隧道地表沉降槽曲线研究

在对地表变形产生的沉降槽的研究中,通常将土性参数看作确定值,并且假定沉降槽是关于隧道轴线对称的,这样往往忽略了土体的非均质性特点,对沉降槽的假定也偏于理想化。为此,借助随机场的计算机模拟方法,在引入曲线偏移量对经典Peck公式改进的基础上,开展Monte-Carlo随机分析,分析土体弹性模量空间变异性对沉降槽曲线的影响。研究结果表明:(1)引入曲线偏移量是可行的,并且可以表现沉降槽在隧道轴线位置的不对称性;(2)土体弹性模量空间变异性对沉降槽的形态影响不明显,但对沉降槽宽度、最大沉降值和最大沉降位置有重要影响。     

Review on current and seawater volume transport through the Taiwan Strait

Patterns and features of currents and seawater volume transports in the Taiwan Strait have been reviewed by examining the results from more than 150 research papers in recent decades. It is noted that there are diverse or even conflicting viewpoints on these subjects. Here both common and different opinions are summarized. This review paper covers the studies involving in situ measurements and numerical modeling of current velocity, analyses of hydrographic data, and classification of water masses. Generally speaking, there are three currents in the Taiwan Strait: the China Coastal Current along the Fujian coast in the western Taiwan Strait, the extension of the South China Sea Warm Current in the western and central Taiwan Strait, and the Kuroshio’s branch or loop current intruding through the eastern Taiwan Strait. The current pattern in winter is quite different from that in summer, and the currents also exhibit differences between the upper and lower layers. The seawater volume transport through the Taiwan Strait is about 2.3 Sv northward in summer but about 0.8 Sv northward in winter. Both the current pattern and the seawater transport vary with local winds in the Taiwan Strait. This is particularly true in winter when the currents and the transport in the upper layer are significantly affected by strong northeasterly winds.     

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005

Cruise observations with CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang (Pearl) Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements:Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.     

超强台风“芭玛”移动路径及强度异常分析

0917号超强台风是2009年在西北太平洋地区生成的生命期最长、登陆次数最多、移动路径最为怪异的超强台风.本文利用多种资料,分析了"芭玛"强度及移动路径特点,并对引起其移动路径及强度异常变化的原因进行了初步分析,结果表明:(1)9月底至10月中旬,副高发生了一次"加强西进-减弱东撤-加强西进"的周期性活动,对台风移动路...     

A Review on the Currents in the South China Sea: Seasonal Circulation, South China Sea Warm Current and Kuroshio Intrusion

Researches on the currents in the South China Sea (SCS) and the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas are reviewed. Overall seasonal circulation in the SCS is cyclonic in winter and anticyclonic in summer with a few stable eddies. The seasonal circulation is mostly driven by monsoon winds, and is related to water exchange between the SCS and the East China Sea through the Taiwan Strait, and between the SCS and the Kuroshio through the Luzon Strait. Seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea Warm Current in the northern SCS and the Kuroshio intrusion to the SCS are summarized in terms of the interaction between the SCS and its adjacent seas.     

REE/trace element characteristics of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin

Erratum:Chin. J. of Geochem. DOI: 10.1007/s11631-006-0354-y Table 3 on page 360 is incorrect and should be replaced by the table below.Table 3. The results of analysis of trace elements for the sandstone-type uranium deposit samples from the Ordos Basin (…     

陀螺定向钻进中孔口锁的改进及应用

在煤田陷落柱内施工注浆孔时,常需要施工分支孔,陀螺定向钻进是施工分支孔的手段之一,陀螺定向能否锁定已定好方位的入孔钻具是定向成败的关键一环.针对以前孔口锁锁定入孔钻具的弊端,提出了一种新孔口锁结构.该孔口锁由四部分组成上半部、下半部、固定螺丝、支撑腿.改进后的孔口锁既能方便锁定入孔钻具,又能提高定向中靶率.     

江苏地区地磁Z21测值空间相关异常及其标志体系

应用江苏地磁台网Z分量21点观测值,初步研究了其空间相关性及与江苏地区地震的对应关系,发现在研究的12年内,共出现了符合判据标准的异常8次,其中在其后7个月内检报对5个MS50以上地震,而其间应报地震6个,虚报1次,漏报1次。