线性约束严凸可分规划的对偶梯度法

在[1]及[2]中考虑了原目标函数是强凸的情形,本文考虑更一般的情形,即原目标函数是严凸的,给出了其求解的对偶梯度法;对偶问题可分解成n个一维问题,而一维问题的解可直接得到,从而得到原问题的解,并证明了算法的收敛性。     

喜马拉雅中东部镜像均衡重力异常的形成研究

青藏高原南缘处于重力不均衡状态,由北向南可依次分为高原近重力均衡区、喜马拉雅山正均衡异常区和山前盆地负均衡异常区,正、负异常呈现壮观的镜像分布。本文选取喜马拉雅中东部的均衡重力异常数据,结合地貌高程、地壳厚度、降雨量、冰川及山前沉积等的分布状况,探讨地貌分异与均衡重力异常分布的相互关系。由上述资料获得3条跨越喜马拉雅山的综合剖面,结果显示喜马拉雅中东部正均衡重力异常的分布与冰川、河流等代表的地表剥蚀作用存在明显的空间耦合关系,而与降雨量无直接联系,山前盆地负均衡重力异常与沉积厚度的分布也存在很好的耦合。利用数值模型计算得到了喜马拉雅地区的均衡调整时间域在1 Ma左右的时间尺度内。通过与地貌响应时间域相对比,以及对地表剥蚀厚度的估计,认为山脉地区的正均衡异常主要由地壳厚度补偿不足引起(侧重Airy假说),而山前盆地的负均衡异常主要由低密度沉积层的分布引起(侧重Pratt假说),由于地貌响应时间快于均衡调整时间,在大约5～2 Ma以来,地壳的均衡调整始终延迟于山脉的持续剥蚀和山前的持续沉积,使得岩石圈朝着"反均衡"方向演变,最终形成了喜马拉雅现今壮观的镜像均衡重力异常分布。     

三线阵CCD卫星影像的模拟研究

在讨论从给定的DEM和相应的正射影像模拟三线阵CCD卫星影像的原理和方法的基础上,通过模拟影像考察两种卫星影像近似核线的适应能力和地球自转效应对同轨立体成像能力的影响,并讨论了从DEM和正射影像确定投影中心轨迹、姿态模拟、共线方程和影像生成等细节。通过试验验证了模拟影像的正确性,揭示了两种核线定义存在的问题及其改进方法     

灰色理论在预应力锚索优化设计中的应用

简要介绍了灰色理论的局势决策和线性规划方法,并以实例说明该方法的预应力锚索加固优化设计中的具体应用过程。     

川东褶皱带构造发育深度层次与变形样式

地壳上层的结构特征和变形样式在垂直方向上的变化远远大于其在水平维度上的分异。川东褶皱带自晚古生代以来地史演化统一、地层展布稳定,之后新生代盆、山演化分异幅度较大,使得不同深度的地层和基底得以出露,不同地壳深度层次的构造样式得以展示,这为研究应力的垂向分异,提供了很好的条件。本文基于地壳垂直方向上变形几何的不守恒、构造脱耦以及构造层次的概念,通过野外构造现象的详细解析、野外脆性破裂产状统计、断裂之间交切关系以及活动性质观察等综合分析,结合遥感图像研究,对川东褶皱区隔挡式褶皱和隔槽式褶皱形成提出了新的解释模型。以华蓥山与齐岳山为界,川东褶皱带被分为3个呈叠置关系的区域。研究表明华蓥山以西(Ⅰ区)没有发生强烈的构造变形,变形深度最小(<2 km); 华蓥山与齐岳山之间(Ⅱ区)构造样式为在北北东向剪切作用下形成的陡立构造面理,变形深度为2～5 km; 而齐岳山以东(Ⅲ区)的构造样式是发育轴向北东的宽缓褶曲,变形深度为4～6.6 km。研究分析后得出,川东褶皱带在晚古生代以来,没有经历过大幅度的地壳垂向运动和明显的旋转运动,而白垩纪以后,发育了早期北北东向和晚期北东向的两期构造变形。Ⅱ、Ⅲ两区的构造样式发育于同一应力场(北西-南东主应力场),而晚期北东向断裂活动是形成上述3个区域呈现出断块并置的原因。另外,由于后期不同断块抬升和剥露的差异,使3个区域迥异的构造样式呈现在地表。这一认识对研究油气相关的构造圈闭、固体多金属矿产相关的矿床深度问题以及大地构造学等问题都有创新意义。     

Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics of the Saishitang Cu-polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province, China

Saishitang Cu-polymetallic deposit is located in the southeast section of Late Paleozoic arcfold in the southeastern margin of Qaidam platform. Accoring to the geological process of the deposit,four mineralization episodes were identified: melt/fluid coexisting period(O),skarn period(A),first sulfide period(B) and second sulfide period(C),and 10 stages were finally subdivided. Three types of inclusions were classified in seven stages,namely crystal bearing inclusions(type I),aqueous inclusions(type II) and pure liquid inclusions(type III). Type I and II inclusions were observed in stage O1,having homogenization temperature from 252 to 431°C,and salinities ranging from 24.3% to 48.0%. Type I inclusion was present in stage A1,having homogenization temperature from 506 to 548°C,and salinities ranging from 39.4% to 44.6%. In stage B1,type II and III inclusions were observed,with homogenization temperature concentrating between 300–400°C,and salinities from 0.4% to 4.3%. Type II inclusions were present in stage B2,with homogenization temperature varying from 403 to 550°C. In stage C1,type I and II inclusion commonly coexisted,and constituted a boiling inclusion group,having homogenization temperatures at 187–463°C,and salinities in a range of 29.4%–46.8% and 2.2%–11.0%. Type II and III inclusions were developed in stage C2,having homogenization temperature at 124–350°C,and salinities ranging between 1.6% and 15.4%. In stage C3,type II and III inclusions were presented,with a homogenization temperature range of 164–360°C,and salinities varying from 4.0% to 11.0%. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that fluids are characterized by high temperature and high salinity in stage O1 and A1,and experienced slight decrease in temperature and dramatic decrease in salinity in stage B1 and B2. In stage C1,the salinity of fluid increased greatly and a further decrease of temperature and salinity occurred in stage C2 and C3. Fluids boiled in stage C1. With calculated pressure of 22 MPa from the trapping temperature of 284–289°C,a mineralization depth of 2.2 km was inferred. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show high density of H2 O,CH4 and CO2 were found as gas composition. H-O isotope study indicates the oreforming fluids were the mixture of magmatic water and meteoric water. Physicochemical parameters of fluids show oxygen and sulfur fugacity experienced a decrease,and redox state is weakly reducing. Along with fluid evolution,oxidation has increased slightly. Comprehensive analysis shows that melt exsolution occurred during the formation of quartz diorite and that metal elements existed and migrated in the form of chlorine complex. Immiscible fluid separation and boiling widely occurred after addition of new fluids,bringing about dissociation of chlorine-complex,resulting in a great deal of copper precipitation. In conclusion,Saishitang deposit,controlled by regional tectonics,is formed by metasomatism between highly fractionated mineralization rock body and wall rock,and belongs to banded skarn Cu-polymetallic deposit.     

浙西南—赣东北地区寒武系荷塘组页岩气成藏地质条件及有利区带优选

【研究目的】浙西南—赣东北地区寒武系荷塘组广泛发育暗色泥页岩,是下扬子地区页岩气调查的重点层位。目前该区勘探程度低,导致对该区页岩气成藏条件认识不清。【研究方法】通过寒武系荷塘组暗色泥页岩发育的地质背景、有机地球化学参数以及野外调查等方面研究,对该区页岩气资源潜力进行了评价,对有利区进行了优选。【研究结果】浙西南—赣东北地区寒武系荷塘组炭质硅质页岩在研究区内分布广泛,沉积厚度达35~200 m,其中在开化—常山—玉山地区的平均厚度超过50 m;有机质丰度高（1.48%～23.53%）,镜质体反射率适中（2.01%～3.0%）,有机质处于成熟—过成熟阶段。研究区荷塘组地层发育微孔隙、微裂缝等孔隙类型,储集性能较好。等温吸附实验测得炭质硅质页岩吸附气含量平均为5.93 kg/t,表明荷塘组炭质硅质页岩具有较好的吸附能力,有一定的吸附性。【结论】以在高热演化程度环境中找热演化程度较低的区域和在复杂的构造背景中寻找相对稳定的区域为准则,研究认为开化—常山—玉山地区寒武系荷塘组炭质硅质页岩分布厚度适中,有机质丰度高,成熟度相对较低,页岩气保存地质条件较好。创新点：浙西南—赣东北地区寒武系荷塘组页岩具备页岩气富集的物质基础;热演化程度是下扬子地区寒武系荷塘组页岩气能否富集的关键。     

地球接受太阳辐射能量变化对板块构造影响的估算

板块构造理论可以被认为是构造地质学研究的基本模型和框架。传统板块构造理论认为岩石圈板块在软流圈上方随软流圈对流发生运动,软流圈对流所需要的能量则完全由地球内部能量,如重力势能和放射性衰变产生的热能提供。但是近年来的一些研究证明了气候变化会对板块构造活动,如造山带活动产生直接影响。对传统的板块构造所需能量全部由地球内部提供这一观点做出了补充和更新。本文主要从两个方面对外动力作用可能影响板块构造做出分析,一是利用傅里叶分析证明了太阳辐射变化在构造活动,如洋中脊两侧地貌和火山沉积物中均能够留下记录;二是建立了一个简单的平面力学模型,探究洋流同大陆的力学作用会如何影响大陆运动特征。虽然这一模型忽略了很多因素,定量计算的结果本身并不具有很严格的数据绝对意义。但是这一模型的结果可以证明地球所有板块构造活动中释放的能量低于地球系统每年从太阳辐射中接收的能量,而且模型得到的大陆运动特征同现今实际观测下的运动特征存在一致性,洋流向大陆岩石圈传递的能量同地震活动释放的能量处于同一量级,从侧面可以证明洋流可能对板块构造产生了较大的影响。     

Longitudinal genetic analysis of growth-related traits in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii(Girard)

The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is an economically important species especially in China. Their exoskeleton places serious constraints on growth and culture management. Their growth is achieved through intermittent molting/ecdysis. The longitudinal genetic dynamics for growth-related traits at different ecdysial points in P. clarkii has been unclear to date. In this study, conditional genetic analysis was carried out for growth-related traits(body weight, body length, chela length, ...