2002年腾格里沙漠湖泊季节变化研究

以2002年的6期ETM+遥感影像作为数据源,采用面向对象的解译方法,自动提取腾格里沙漠一年内6个时期的湖泊信息,对湖泊季节变化情况进行统计,并与巴丹吉林沙漠的湖泊季节变化进行对比分析.结果表明,腾格里沙漠湖泊的季节变化显著,湖泊总数量及总面积在夏季(6月)达最大值,在冬季(12、2月)最小;两大沙漠湖泊季节变化情况不尽相同,可能与两大沙漠湖泊水的补给方式存在差异有关,腾格里沙漠湖泊水量变化更多地受近源地下水的影响,而巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水量变化则主要受远源地下水影响.     

全球变暖对淡水湖泊浮游植物影响研究进展

全球变暖对湖泊生态系统的影响已经成为近年来湖沼学领域的研究热点.本文首先列举了目前研究全球变暖对淡水湖泊浮游植物影响的常用方法:监测数据分析、时空转换、遥感信息提取、控制实验、模型预测和古湖沼学技术等.研究结果表明气候变暖导致的气温升高、湖泊热力分层提前破坏以及无冰期提前等因素可导致春季物候提前;在全球变暖大背景下浮游植物群落结构正朝着蓝藻占优的方向发展,但是不同地区以及不同物种对全球变暖的响应不一致.在营养盐充足的湖泊中,由于全球变暖延长了浮游植物生长季节等,从而能提高浮游植物初级生产力;但在贫营养湖泊中,浮游植物初级生产力与变暖趋势甚至可能呈负相关.由于生态系统往往是多因子的共同作用,这也使得全球变暖对浮游植物群落的影响效应复杂化,区分各因子的净影响份额是目前研究的一个难点;全球变暖引起的风场改变会促进浅水湖泊中营养盐从底泥的释放,同时也会增加水体中悬浮物的浓度而影响水下光场,因此开展气候变化对再悬浮及浮游植物群落结构的影响可能是将来研究的一个切入点.     

丽江高美古的气象观测

本文报道了１９９４年７月－１９９５年１２月期间丽江高美古的云量、风向、风速、温度、湿度和温度日较差等气象要素的观测结果。     

城市大型体育场馆区域布局及其规划应对方略 ——以上海、广州、武汉、乌鲁木齐市为例

通过实地调查上海、广州、武汉、乌鲁木齐4座城市的15座体育场馆,并在结合相关专家访谈的基础上,分析了大型体育场馆区域的产生、空间特征和功能布局,重点探讨了存在的主要问题,包括：场馆区域布局设计与区域条件不相适应,建筑设施之间的空间联系不足,区域整体空间局促,建筑设施的功能布局失调,交通流线布局设计有待改进,与外部空间环境缺乏紧密的联系。借鉴国外场馆区域布局设计经验,提出从多样性和整体性方面,合理规划场馆区域的功能布局;从开放和融合的视角,协调中心与周边区域的发展关系;以人性化和层次化手段,优化区域内的交通流线。     

Sedimentary charateristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in Northeast Sichuan basin

Northeast Sichuan basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin in the northern margin of the Yangtze plate which has a complex tectonic background and hydrocarbon accumulation history. By means of the analysis method of wave processes, major cycles of sedimentary wave process in this basin have been studied. The results show that there are five-order cycles corresponding to 760, 220, 100, 35 and 20 Ma respectively, two first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma) and four secondorder sedimentary cycles (100 Ma). The authors find that the second-order sedimentary cycles are well matched with reservoir formation cycles through studying the relationship between second-order sedimentary cycles and reservoir formation cycles, and divide three reservoir formation cycles in this basin. __________ Translated from Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2007, 37(3): 513–518 [译自: 吉林大学学报(地球科学版)]     

The investigation of microwave precipitation measurement at 37GHz

In this paper we use a 10-layer radiation transfer model to systematically investigate the relation between brightness temperature and the rainfall rates at 37 GHz, including various viewing of microwave (MW) remote sens-ing and different surface condition, with main focus on the influence of the structure of ice-phase layer. The results show that the quantitative rainfall measurement can not be reliably obtained over the land from spaceborne radiometer at this wavelength and the structures of ice layer are very important in determining the “observed” bright-ness temperature for the spaceborne MW remote sensing.     

南岭地区万洋山岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征及其构造意义

万洋山岩体位于湘赣两省交界地带,为加里东期多阶段岩浆活动的复式岩体,花岗岩主要岩石类型有黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩和二云母二长花岗岩,以黑云母二长花岗岩分布面积最广。对岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石样品进行激光剥蚀—多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb定年,锆石的16个测点206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为(446.0±3.4)Ma(n=16,MSWD=0.15)(95%置信度),反映该岩体形成于晚奥陶世至早志留世。岩石地球化学表明岩体中Si O2的含量为65.91%~73.35%,K2O的平均含量为4.20%,Na2O+K2O为5.90%~7.88%,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.64,Al2O3平均值为13.81%,ASI平均值为1.09%,总体属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩。微量元素组成中Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti表现出明显的亏损,Rb、Th、U、Nb、Zr、Hf等则相对富集,稀土元素总量中等(159.71×10-6~262.78×10-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE=6.16~10.01,(La/Yb)N=6.37~12.17,具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.30~0.59)。岩体的[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)]i值为0.71223~0.72509,εSr(t)值为117.5~299.9Ma,εNd(t)值为-9.39~-7.30,两阶段Nd模式年龄(TDM2)为1.77~1.94 Ga。根据上述岩石地球化学特征表明万洋山岩体为来源于地壳的S型花岗岩,花岗岩氧化物和微量元素构造环境判别图解指示岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境。结合前人对华南加里东期岩体的研究成果,推断华南加里东期花岗岩岩体的具体形成机制为:在全球板块构造的影响,华夏板块与扬子板块拼接后,板块间的强烈挤压应力相对松弛、压力降低的后碰撞构造环境下,因地壳增厚而升温的中上地壳岩石减压熔融并向上侵位。     

大洋桥石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica对海水酸化与营养盐胁迫的复合响应

本文选取了大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)作为实验对象,通过CO₂加富实验模拟海水酸化环境,分析了氮充足和氮相对不足条件下海洋颗石藻对海水酸化的生理响应。结果发现在两种营养盐状态下,CO₂加富均能一定程度促进大洋桥石藻种群增长与Chl a浓度的增加。对比两种营养盐状态,氮相对不足条件下的大洋桥石藻细胞密度和叶绿素含量均有最显著的提高,表明低营养盐浓度和低的氮磷比可能更有利于大洋桥石藻的生长繁殖。电镜观测结果显示酸化对大洋桥石藻的钙化作用具有显著的负影响,并且在氮相对不足条件下,大洋桥石藻的细胞个体变小及比表面积升高。研究结果表明在未来寡营养的大洋上层水体,大气CO₂浓度升高会对大洋桥石藻的生理功能产生负面影响,但可能刺激大洋桥石藻的生长。     

Evolution of the groundwater system under the impacts of human activities in middle reaches of Heihe River Basin (Northwest China) from 1985 to 2013

Investigation of the evolution of the groundwater system and its mechanisms is critical to the sustainable management of water in river basins. Temporal and spatial distributions and characteristics of groundwater have undergone a tremendous change with the intensity of human activities in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin (HRB), the second largest arid inland river basin in northwestern China. Based on groundwater observation data, hydrogeological data, meteorological data and irrigation statistical data, combined with geostatistical analyses and groundwater storage estimation, the basin-scaled evolution of the groundwater levels and storage (from 1985 to 2013) were investigated. The results showed that the unbalanced allocation of water sources and expanded cropland by policy-based human activities resulted in the over-abstraction of groundwater, which induced a general decrease in the water table and groundwater storage. The groundwater level has generally fallen from 4.92 to 11.49 m from 1985 to 2013, especially in the upper and middle parts of the alluvial fan (zone I), and reached a maximum depth of 17.41 m. The total groundwater storage decreased by 177.52?×?10⁸ m³; zone I accounted for about 94.7 % of the total decrease. The groundwater balance was disrupted and the groundwater system was in a severe negative balance; it was noted that the groundwater/surface-water interaction was also deeply affected. It is essential to develop a rational plan for integration and management of surface water and groundwater resources in the HRB.     

新一代天气雷达远程视频监控保障系统设计与实现

针对目前天气雷达保障业务需求,开发了新一代天气雷达远程视频监控保障系统。该系统实现了雷达设备的视频监控、远程协助、数据采集、状态监测及报警等主要功能。通过该系统可实现雷达故障的快速发现,同时利用远程协助功能,相关专家可根据故障报警、现场可视图像以及雷达关键部位参数进行故障诊断,制定维修方案,提高雷达保障时效。目前该系统已成功应用到全省4个雷达站,满足了远程故障可视化诊断需求。