生活垃圾淋滤液组分的变化特征及其污染机理分析──以长春市为例

利用室内模拟试验成果对长春市生活垃圾淋滤液的组分特征、变化规律及其对土壤、地下水的污染机理进行了分析；结合野外监测资料运用非确定性模型方法建立模拟模型，对淋滤液的污染组分进行趋势预测，为垃圾堆放场地的设计和垃圾污染的治理提供理论上的依据。同时为解决城市生活垃圾污染问题和寻找垃圾场地奠定了基础     

冬春季黄海温度锋面的多时间尺度变化及主控因素分析

海洋锋面强度变化对陆源物质输运和全球物质循环有重要作用。冬春季节,中国东部陆架区西太平洋边界流分支与沿岸流之间形成了海洋温度锋。为探究冬季风暴和陆架环流双重影响下温度锋面的多时间尺度变化及主控因素,本文以黄海为研究区,分别在年代际尺度和天气尺度,利用信号分解和可解释深度学习方法,研究了低纬度驱动的环流系统和高纬度驱动的冬季风暴对锋面变化的耦合作用。在年代际尺度,通过使用经验正交函数分解和集合经验模态分解的方法,将北黄海的温度变化与黄海暖流强度相联系。研究结果表明,黄海的海表温度经验正交函数（EOF）分解第一模态的空间分布有明显的黄海暖流—沿岸流体系特征;海表温度EOF第一模态时间序列与黄海暖流强度指标的相关性良好,且受低频率厄尔尼诺‒南方涛动信号调控。在天气尺度,对卷积神经网络−长短时记忆网络（CNN-LSTM）模型进行训练并使用可解释性指标进行分析,结果发现无风或弱风条件下,海洋锋面主要由压力梯度力和科里奥利力的地转平衡维持;但在冬季风暴条件下,受开尔文波传播和切变锋破碎的影响,流场的低频波动成为导致锋面强度变化的主因。本文研究结果表明,大数据及机器学习方法是在众多海洋参数间建立联系,并发现一些独特物理海洋过程的重要手段,具有广阔的应用前景。     

晕轨道X射线脉冲星自主导航和轨道维持研究

目的 提出一种利用X射线脉冲星的晕轨道自主导航方法。以高精度星历轨道动力学模型构建晕轨道状态方程,并利用二级微分修正方法获取惯性系下晕轨道的标称轨道。基于微分修正原理,利用 X射线脉冲星的导航结果和小推力推进器,对晕轨道探测器进行轨道维持和控制,并以地月系 L2点晕轨道为例进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该方法能够有效完成地月系L2点晕轨道探测器的自主导航和轨道维持任务。     

2000~2010年长江三角洲土地利用/覆盖空间格局动态变化研究

土地利用/覆盖变化与空间格局间的相互作用机制是全球环境变化的研究热点。以2000年、2005年及2010年遥感影像为基础数据源,通过面向对象的分类方法,对长江三角洲的土地覆盖进行分类。利用分类结果,通过数学模型和景观指数探讨了土地利用变化对长江三角洲景观格局的影响。结果表明：1)2000~2010年长江三角洲土地利用变化明显,人工表面“涨势”明显,耕地与湿地则呈现下降趋势;2)10年间长江三角洲土地利用多样化指数增加,土地利用多样性程度逐年提高;3)2000~2010年长江三角洲景观破碎化程度增加,优势度减小,景观形状复杂性与异质性不断加大。这些研究可以为土地利用结构的调整、生态环境的恢复重建提供依据,促进长江三角洲的可持续发展。     

The use of digital technologies for landslide disaster risk research and disaster risk management: progress and prospects

Landslide is a serious natural disaster next only to earthquake and flood, which will cause a great threat to people’s lives and property safety. The traditional research of landslide disaster based on experience-driven or statistical model and its assessment results are subjective , difficult to quantify, and no pertinence. As a new research method for landslide susceptibility assessment, machine learning can greatly improve the landslide susceptibility model’s accuracy by constructing statistical models. Taking Western Henan for example, the study selected 16 landslide influencing factors such as topography, geological environment, hydrological conditions, and human activities, and 11 landslide factors with the most significant influence on the landslide were selected by the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method. Five machine learning methods [Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)] were used to construct the spatial distribution model of landslide susceptibility. The models were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and statistical index. After analysis and comparison, the XGBoost model (AUC 0.8759) performed the best and was suitable for dealing with regression problems. The model had a high adaptability to landslide data. According to the landslide susceptibility map of the five models, the overall distribution can be observed. The extremely high and high susceptibility areas are distributed in the Funiu Mountain range in the southwest, the Xiaoshan Mountain range in the west, and the Yellow River Basin in the north. These areas have large terrain fluctuations, complicated geological structural environments and frequent human engineering activities. The extremely high and highly prone areas were 12043.3 km² and 3087.45 km², accounting for 47.61% and 12.20% of the total area of the study area, respectively. Our study reflects the distribution of landslide susceptibility in western Henan Province, which provides a scientific basis for regional disaster warning, prediction, and resource protection. The study has important practical significance for subsequent landslide disaster management.     

武汉市区域似大地水准面精化成果应用分析

介绍了武汉市区域似大地水准面精化成果的应用分析、评价以及应用GPS静态和以WHCORS系统的网络RTK的两种作业方法,对两种方法所得成果进行了精度分析,并论述了两种方法的适用范围。     

地电故障数据处理系统

地电故障数据处理系统软件研制的目的在于当地电仪器出现故障,无法采集到仪器内存中原始数据时,能根据地电纸带上仅有的一些原始数据,利用该系统可以准确、快速、方面地转换成特定格式的数据文件,及时上报至中国地震局。该系统的开发,将会减轻台站工作人员的负担,杜绝了数据格式的不正解性,防止了数据迟报现象的发生。     

柞水银铅矿地表径流沉积物中污染物相态分析

采自柞水银铅矿地表径流６个沉积物样品,用连续提取法提取了金属元素的５种化学相态（可交换相、碳酸盐相,铁锰氧化物结合相,有机质－硫化物结合相及残渣相）,测定了各相中铜铅锌含量,分析了其分布特征。结果表明,在河流沉积物中,铜主要以残渣相和有机质相存在,铅、锌主要为铁锰水合氧化物相和碳酸盐相。在此基础上,对矿山开采中环境影响进行了讨论。     

Geological environment conflicts of Kunming Basin and its urban sustainable development

Kunming Basin locates middle of Yunnan altiplano and has a particularity in geography,topographic and geological environment.With the urban dilation quickly,add the reason of the unreasonable city layout,conflicts between environment and urban resources consumption become shrill increasingly.It is human being activities that lead to vulnerability and depravation of geological environment in local.Take a few examples on geological environment to expatiate relationship between urban construction and geological environment carrying capacity,and find a way how to make a better plan for urban sustainable development to achieve new balance between man and nature in local.     

Spatial-temporal pattern and differences of land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China during 1975�C2005

Regional land use changes are an important part of global changes. The research on land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China attracts a lot of attention owing to the Three Gorges Dam building. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area becomes one of the important research areas. This study analyzed the transforming processes and traits of each land use type and the regional differences of land use changes during the past 30 years, summarized the distribution of different land use types in different buffer zones and regresses the equation areas and different buffer distances based on buffer analyses and regression analyses, and then analyzed the transforming rules in different buffer distances, got the optimal influence distances. The research results indicate that, (1) cultivated land lies at the northwest of the reservoir and was decreasing, however, the construction land was increasing, especially the urban construction land, a large number of land was flooded because of the reservoir water level rise; (2) urban area was sprawling quickly in developed and neighboring areas, and a great deal of cultivated land and a considerable amount of grassland were occupied; in the earlier time, rural settlements occupied lots of cultivated land and a sum of forestry land in the later time; (3) the optimum influenced distances for cultivated land and forestry land were 10–35 km, and for urban and rural settlements were in 5–20 km. Overall, this research can reflect the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during the 30 years, and it is helpful for urban planning and land use planning in the reservoir area.