全球现代海底块状硫化物战略性金属富集机理及资源前景初探

海底块状硫化物(SMS)蕴藏有丰富的Cu、Cd、Au、Fe、Ag、Co等战略性金属,是未来可供人类开发利用的战略资源.本文搜集了全球3 946组SMS化学成分数据,根据构造环境可将其分成4类(快速、中速、慢速、超慢速扩张)洋中脊型和2类(弧后扩张中心和弧火山)岛弧型SMS矿床.利用多元统计方法分析了SMS战略性金属的分布特征和主控因素,探讨了其资源前景.结果表明:洋中脊型SMS矿床富集Cu+Fe+Co±Mo,而岛弧型普遍富集Zn+Pb+Cd+Sb+Ag±Au等关键元素.分析表明,成矿温度、成矿物质来源、酸碱度和氧化还原条件是战略性金属富集的主要影响因素,其中流体温度主要受水深条件控制,成矿物质来源主要受控于构造地质环境,酸碱度和氧化还原性主要受控于围岩类型.Cu+Au+Fe+Co在水深超过约2 650 m的慢速—超慢速扩张脊非转换不连续带和拆离断层带等区域具较好的勘查前景;而Cu+Au+Cd+Ag在水深约1 080~2 160 m的弧后扩张中心区域具较好的勘查前景.      

全风化花岗岩地层中高固相离析浆液灌浆机理研究

全风化花岗岩地层稳定性差、遇水易发生崩解,工程上使用常规材料防渗加固注浆时效果较差。针对这一情况,依托湖南省郴州市莽山水库防渗加固灌浆项目,通过自主设计的全风化花岗岩地层注浆室内模拟试验装置,进行模拟注浆试验,实现了浆液在整个注浆过程中的扩散情况模拟,对不同注浆压力、不同位置点所取试样开展单轴抗压、抗剪强度及渗透率测试试验,对不同注浆压力下完整结石体取样观察,研究以全风化花岗岩颗粒为配方主体材料的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层的防渗加固效果及浆液扩散模式。结果表明:该浆液在全风化花岗岩地层扩散过程中经历了渗透扩散、挤密压缩、劈裂扩展三个阶段,是一种复合注浆形式;以全风化花岗岩颗粒为主体的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层注浆中效果显著,随着注浆压力提升,单轴抗压强度显著提升为原土体的3.25～13.67倍,抗剪强度在不同法向压力情况下提升为原土体的1.63～2.69倍,渗透系数从10?4 cm/s下降至10?5 cm/s甚至10?6 cm/s。     

黔水地1井钻探施工技术难点及对策

总结了桂中-南盘江地区页岩气调查黔水地1井在钻进过程中出现的严重井漏、卡埋钻、起下钻或通井遇阻等技术难点及相应的处理措施。由于钻遇的地层较为复杂,因此综合采取了回填粘土、商砼封堵、顶漏钻进、岩屑打捞、空气钻进、跟管钻进、套管封隔等多种措施进行处理;此外,结合实际工程应用提出了针对该复杂地层的多种钻井液配方,均取得了一定的效果。处理技术难点的过程中所积累的钻探技术和钻井液技术的优化经验能够为日后黔西南复杂构造区页岩气勘探的实施提供一定的参考依据。     

Dissolution characteristics of deep?buried dolostone in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in southern Ordos Basin

The different types of deep-buried dissolution process in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the southern Ordos Basin and its influence on the reservoir properties are studied in this paper. It shows that three types of mechanisms include organic acid fluid, hydrothermal fluid and TSR are identified through studies of core observation, thin section analysis, inclusion temperature, trace elements and rare earth elements. It is found that the dissolution of organic acid fluid causes the stratified dissolution pores, film-like asphaltene and ring-like asphaltene, while hydrothermal fluid causes the non-selective dissolution pores without petrofabric, veins of pyrites, massive pyrites and the association of hypothermal minerals. Four occurrence models of dissolution include, (1) the deep-buried dissolution of low-temperature hydrothermal fluid occurs in Zhiluo Period of Middle Jurassic; (2) the deep-buried dissolution of organic acid fluid started from the late Middle Jurassic followed by the first hydrocarbon injection; (3) the deep-buried dissolution of middle-high temperature hydrothermal fluid occurred in the Dongsheng Period of Early Cretaceous; (4) TSR occurred at the end of Early Cretaceous with the second larger hydrocarbon injection. Both organic acid fluid and hydrothermal fluid can improve the porosity and permeability of reservoir, but the hydrothermal fluid is more effective than that of organic acid fluid.     

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

谈新形势下地勘单位改革发展的现状及未来发展方向

新中国成立以来,地勘单位先后在计划经济和市场经济下为国家的发展做出了重要贡献,也先后经历了初步探索、属地化管理、事企分体运行等不同阶段。十九大以来,随着事业单位改革的逐步深入,地勘单位改革迫在眉睫。为了更好的适应时代发展,又快又好地进行地勘单位转型,通过研究不同历史时期地勘单位发展的问题和困难,指出现阶段面临的主要问题是改革意愿不强烈、转型工勘领域受阻、资本占有率低和人才匮乏。以此为基础,提出转变思想、学习集团化企业路线、投身地方产业结构、全面提升自然资源意识、加强自身建设和长期持续稳定转型的发展建议,供转型发展的地勘单位参考。     

Geochronological and geochemical evidence for a Late Ordovician to Silurian arc-back-arc system in the northern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

The early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt is dominated by two oceanic basins on the northwestern and southeastern sides of the Xing'an Block,i.e.,the Xinlin-Xiguitu Ocean and the Nenjiang Ocean.However,the early development of the Nenjiang Ocean remains unclear.Here,we present zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data on the gabbros in the Xinglong area together with andesitic tuffs and basalts in the Duobaoshan area.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbros and andesitic tuffs yielded crystallization ages of 443-436 Ma and 452-451 Ma,respectively.The Early Silurian Xinglong gabbros show calc-alkaline and E-MORB affinities but they are enriched in LILEs,and depleted in HFSEs,with relatively low U/Th ratios of 0.18-0.36 andεNd(t)values of-1.6 to+0.5.These geochemical features suggest that the gabbros might originate from a mantle wedge modified by pelagic sediment-derived melts,consistent with a back-arc basin setting.By contrast,the andesitic tuffs are characterized by high MgO(>5 wt.%),Cr(138-200 ppm),and Ni(65-110 ppm)contents,and can be termed as high-Mg andesites.Their low Sr/Y ratios of 15.98-17.15 and U/Th values of 0.24-0.25 and moderate(La/Sm)_n values of 3.07-3.26 are similar to those from the Setouchi Volcanic Belt(SW Japan),and are thought to be derived from partial melting of subducted sediments,and subsequent melt-mantle interaction.The Duobaoshan basalts have high Nb(8.44-10.30 ppm)and TiO2 contents(1.17-1.60 wt.%),typical of Nb-enriched basalts.They are slightly younger than regional adakitic rocks and have positiveεNd(t)values of+5.2 to+5.7 and are interpreted to be generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by earlier adakitic melts.Synthesized with coeval arc-related igneous rocks from the southeastern Xing'an Block,we propose that the Duobaoshan high-Mg andesitic tuffs and Nbenriched basalts are parts of the Late Ordovician and Silurian Sonid Zuoqi-Duobaoshan arc belt,and they were formed by the northwestern subduction of the Nenjiang Ocean.Such a subduction beneath the integrated Xing'an-Erguna Block also gave rise to the East Ujimqin-Xinglong igneous belt in a continental back-arc basin setting.Our new data support an early Paleozoic arc-back-arc model in the northern Great Xing'an Range.     

人类活动对1961～2016年长江流域降水变化的可能影响

人类活动造成的温室气体浓度增加对气候变化的加剧做出了贡献,降水作为重要的气象要素和水循环组成部分,人类活动对其时空变化特征的影响也是当下研究的重要课题。本文以长江流域为例,利用1961～2016年CN05.1逐日降水数据和20世纪气候检测归因计划（C20C+D&A Project）中CAM5.1-1degree模式的逐日降水结果,分析了人类活动对长江流域年降水量及三个极端降水指数时空变化的影响。结果表明:包含人类活动及自然强迫因素的现实情景（All-Hist）的模拟结果与观测结果较为相近。All-Hist情景下的多试验集合平均结果对长江流域降水的模拟能力较为可靠。通过对比两种情景下模拟的长江流域降水量时空变化特征发现:考虑人类活动影响后,长江流域平均降水相对于仅考虑自然强迫情景下时呈现减少趋势,且减少趋势随时间推移加剧;极端降水受人类活动的影响随时间呈现出的增加趋势有所削弱;对平均降水及极端降水变化趋势的影响存在空间差异性,其中受人类活动影响最严重的是上游中部、东南部及中下游东南部地区,均呈现减少趋势;但在长江上游西南部极端降水受人类活动影响显著增加,需要加强该区域洪涝预防工作。另外,人类活动对平均降水的减少贡献最大的时段为2000～2009年,影响最明显季节为秋冬两季;人类活动对极端降水的影响与降水的极端程度成正相关,降水极端性越强,受人类活动影响的变化程度更大,且空间分布上的差异性也更加显著。     

阿尔金断裂花海段新生代变形特征及时间

在地表地质调查并结合钻井资料分析的基础上,主要通过地震剖面的精细地质解释,对阿尔金断裂东段的构造变形特征进行了系统分析。认为阿尔金断裂经阿克塞至肃北向北东东方向延伸,既没有止于玉门市西北的宽台山,也没有延伸至金塔盆地,而是止于其间的花海盆地花探7井东侧。阿尔金断裂花海段的变形时间主要为渐新世晚期、上新世末期和晚更新世末,以后者最为强烈。与红柳峡段的对比说明变形强度自西向东逐渐减弱,变形方式主要为走滑兼逆冲,主要构造样式为半花状构造,并派生有一系列向南西西方向收敛的弧形断裂。     

多源异构地震数据的一体化编码和接口技术的设计与实现

以多源异构地震灾情数据为研究对象,针对震后灾情获取缓慢且碎片化、公众涉灾信息数据异构、多维、数据格式差异大、部分数据维度缺失导致的数据无法得到综合利用、决策支持不到位等问题,基于相关灾害信息标准化管理,提出多源异构地震数据的一体化编码和接口技术规范。根据此规范,设计实现了灾情数据的一体化编码管理以及基于开放式接口规范的灾情数据接入,从而实现了灾情数据入库、管理、实时发布的全周期一体化管理。同时,给出了多源异构应急信息大数据资源的统一表达模型,为震后应急管理提供了技术保障,提升了灾情数据管理效率。