Study and application of PS-wave pre-stack migration in HTI media and an anisotropic correction method

Anisotropy correction is necessary during the processing of converted PSwave seismic data to achieve accurate structural imaging, reservoir prediction, and fracture detection. To effectively eliminate the adverse effects of S-wave splitting and to improve PSwave imaging quality, we tested methods for pre-stack migration imaging and anisotropic correction of PS-wave data. We based this on the propagation rules of seismic waves in a horizontal transverse isotropy medium, which is a fractured medium model that reflects likely subsurface conditions in the field. We used the radial (R) and transverse (T) components of PS-wave data to separate the fast and slow S-wave components, after which their propagation moveout was effectively extracted. Meanwhile, corrections for the energies and propagation moveouts of the R and T components were implemented using mathematical rotation. The PS-wave imaging quality was distinctly improved, and we demonstrated the reliability of our methods through numerical simulations. Applying our methods to three-dimensional and three-component seismic field data from the Xinchang-Hexingchang region of the Western Sichuan Depression in China, we obtained high-quality seismic imaging with continuous reflection wave groups, distinct structural features, and specific stratigraphic contact relationships. This study provides an effective and reliable approach for data processing that will improve the exploration of complex, hidden lithologic gas reservoirs.     

北京平原地区VS30估算模型适用性研究

本文使用基于钻孔测井数据的3类模型,即常速度外推模型、速度梯度模型、双深度参数外推模型,通过对北京地区460个深度超过30m的钻孔剪切波速资料进行分析,详细探究了V_S30估算模型在本研究区的适用性。研究结果表明双深度参数外推模型在估算V_S30上准确度很高,其不需要大量的数据进行回归分析,且不具有区域独立性,可以为全球包括北京地区场地类别划分提供依据,进而在震害快速评估中用于确定场地影响,是一种值得推广的估算模型。     

设备所在楼层对设备-结构相互作用的影响

为了研究设备所在楼层位置对设备-结构相互作用的影响,以某高层钢框架为例,将设备分别放置于结构顶层和底层设计了2种设备-结构体系模型,然后利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对整体模型进行地震响应时程分析。分析结果表明:在El Centro波、Taft波和人工波作用下,当设备频率与结构基频调谐时,设备-结构相互作用会令结构动力响应减小而设备动力响应显著增大;设备-结构相互作用的大小与设备所在楼层密切相关:顶层设备与结构间的相互作用比底层更加剧烈,这与位于不同楼层的设备间等效质量以及底端输入激励频谱的差异有关。     

Human-induced changes in recent sedimentation rates in Bohai Bay,China: Implications for coastal development

In many countries, coastal planners strive to balance the demands between civil, commercial strategy and environmental conversation interests for future development, particularly given the sea level rise in the 21 st century. Achieving a sustainable balance is often a dilemma, especially in low-lying coastal areas where dams in inland river basin are trapping significant amounts of fluvial sediments. We recently investigated the shore of Bohai Bay in northern China where there has been a severe increase in sea level following a program of large-scale coastal reclamation and infrastructure development over the last five decades. To investigate this trend, we obtained sediment cores from near-shore in Bohai Bay, which were dated by ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb radionuclides to determine the sedimentation rates for the last 50 years. The average sedimentation rates of Bohai Bay exceeded 10 mm yr~(-1) before 1963, which was much higher than the rate of local sea-level rise. However, our results showed an overall decreasing sedimentation rate after 1963, which was not able to compensate for the increasing relative sea-level rise in that period. In addition, our results revealed that erosion occurred after the 1980 s in the shallow sea area of Bohai Bay. We suggest that this situation places the Bohai Bay coast at a greater risk of inundation and erosion within the next few decades than previously thought, especially in the large new reclamation area. This study may be a case study for many other shallow sea areas of the muddy coast if the sea level continues to rise rapidly and the sediment delivered by rivers continues to decrease.     

An acoustic-wave theory for casing bond evaluation using viscoelastic slip boundary modeling

Slip boundary condition is commonly utilized to model elastic wave propagation through layered earth media. The same approach is used here to characterize acoustic wave propagation along a cased borehole with various cement bond conditions. By modeling the cement layer between casing and formation as a viscoelastic slip interface with complex coupling rigidity parameters, one can not only reduce the complexity in the classical elastic wave modeling of the problem, but also efficiently model various complicated wave phenomena that are difficult for the existing modeling. More specifically, the new theory can well describe the effect of the cement bond condition change and the location of the change (i.e., whether it is in the first interface between casing and cement, or the second interface between cement and formation) on the acoustic waves, demonstrating the good modeling capability and predicting power. Application of the theory to field data shows that the theory can correctly model the acoustic wave characteristics and interpret the cement bond condition, thus providing a useful fundament theory for casing bond evaluation using acoustic logging.     

On estimating time offsets in the ambient noise correlation function caused by instrument response errors

Broadband seismic networks are becoming more intensive, generating a large amount of data in the long-term collection process. When processing the data, the researchers rely almost on instrument response files to understand the information related to the instrument. Aiming at the process of instrument response recording and instrument response correction, we identify several sources of the instrument response phase error, including pole–zero change, the causality difference in instrument correction method, and the problem of filter coefficient recording. The data time offset range from the instrument response phase error is calculated from one sample point to several seconds using the ambient noise data recorded by multiple seismic stations. With different data delays, the time offset of the noise correlation function is estimated to be 74% to 99% of the data delay time. In addition, the influence of instrument response phase error on the measurement of seismic velocity change is analyzed by using ambient noise data with pole–zero change, and the results show that the abnormal wave velocity with exceeding the standard value is exactly in the time period of the instrument response error, which indicates that the instrument response error affects the study of seismology.     

江西相山酸性火山-侵入杂岩精确年代学与演化序列研究

相山火山盆地主体岩石为一套由熔结凝灰岩、流纹英安岩、流纹英安斑岩、碎斑熔岩、粗斑花岗斑岩及似斑状花岗岩组成的酸性火山-侵入杂岩体, 构成了两个完整的喷发-溢流(侵出)-侵入的岩浆活动亚旋回。本文在野外地质调查的基础上, 采用SIMS、LA-ICP-MS技术对主要岩类进行了高精度的锆石U-Pb年代学研究, 并建立了火山-侵入杂岩体的演化序列。结果表明, 打鼓顶组熔结凝灰岩代表了相山火山-侵入活动的最早期产物, 其锆石U-Pb年龄为140.7±2.7 Ma、140.1±1.8 Ma和138.2±1.6 Ma, 第一亚旋回主体流纹英安岩的锆石U-Pb年龄135.0±1.8 Ma。鹅湖岭组熔结凝灰岩代表了火山-侵入活动的第二亚旋回的开始, 其U-Pb年龄为135.6±1.2 Ma, 第二亚旋回主体碎斑熔岩的锆石U-Pb年龄133.6±1.3 Ma, 沙洲单元的粗斑花岗斑岩和似斑状花岗岩属于该亚旋回最晚期的侵入岩, 其锆石U-Pb年龄代表了相山火山-侵入活动的结束时间(分别为133.4±1.2 Ma和133.9±1.1 Ma)。相山早白垩世火山-侵入活动延续时间较短, 整体上呈现一个连续的过程, 初始时间在141 Ma附近, 结束时间在132 Ma左右。概言之, 第一亚旋回(141~135 Ma)以形成熔结凝灰岩、流纹英安岩和流纹英安斑岩为主, 第二亚旋回(135~132 Ma)以熔结凝灰岩、碎斑熔岩、粗斑花岗斑岩和似斑状花岗岩为主。岩石地球化学和野外地质特征也与两个亚旋回火山-侵入岩浆活动相吻合。     

从原生晕、原生叠加晕到构造叠加晕:化探找盲矿法的发展与创新

构造叠加晕找盲矿法是在原生晕找盲矿法理论基础上发展的新技术方法。根据热液矿床成矿成晕具多期多阶段叠加特点提出的原生晕叠加理论,将原生晕找盲矿法发展为原生叠加晕找盲矿法;根据热液矿床成矿成晕严格受构造控制而提出的构造叠加晕理论,将原生叠加晕找盲矿法发展为构造叠加晕找盲矿法。文章介绍了从原生晕到原生叠加晕又到构造叠加晕找盲矿法在理论、研究思路、工作方法等方面的发展与创新。     

Geochemistry and tectonic environment of amphiholites of the Zanhuang metamorphic complex北大核心

Amphibolites, one of the kinds of Precambrian basement rocks, are exposed in the south-middle Zanhuang Metamorphic Complex, central-south segment of the Trans-North China Orogen. These metamorphic rocks were carefully studied through field investigations and petrographical and geochemical analyses. It was found that protoliths of the Zanhuang amphibolites are calc-alkaline and tholeiitic rocks with a large range of ΣREE (41.38 × 10-6 -232.55 × 10-5 ) and weak LREE enrichment. The multi-element variation results showed that K, Rb and Ba were relatively concentrated, Nb and Ta were of evident depletion while Ti was of weak depletion. Geochemical characteristics and various relevant geochemical discrimination diagrams showed that the Zanhuang amphibolites were formed in volcanic arcs of continental margin similar to the current continental margin, which was resulted from the subduction between the Western Block and the Eastern Block.