中国大陆及邻区大尺度浅源强震空间分布的不均匀性和板块耦合的力学机制

对近代中国大陆及其邻区板内浅源强震空间分布的大尺度不均匀性进行研究，得出：（１）该区存在４个主要的高地震活动区，即华北地震区（３０°～４２°Ｎ）、东南沿海地震区（１９°～２５°Ｎ）、南北地震区（缅甸—中国—蒙古）和中亚地震区（帕米尔—天山—贝加尔湖）；（２）这４个地震区与该区周围板块（欧亚板块与北美—太平洋—菲律宾海—印度板块）之间边界上地震耦合强度大的段落大致垂直；（３）作用于板块边界不同段落上的应力水平差异，可能是中国大陆及其邻区板内近代大尺度强震活动空间分布不均匀性的控制因素     

北瓦沟铅锌矿区块硫锑铅矿的发现及与金成矿关系

在辽东半岛元古宙陆间裂谷某些矿床岩石矿物研究中,发现北瓦沟铅锌矿床含有一定量的块硫锑铅矿,常与方铅矿、黄铁矿、脆硫锑铅矿、硫锑铁矿、金银矿等共生,呈连晶或包裹产出,且与金银矿关系密切。当铅锌矿出现块硫锑铅矿物时,在镜下且见有韧性变形特征时,必见金银产出,其金银含量与块硫锑铅矿含量呈消长关系。因此,认为块硫锑铅矿的产出是寻找金银矿床的标志     

基于自平衡力的弹塑性动力反应分析方法

本文给出了一个基于自平衡力的弹塑性结构动力反应分析的新方法，详细叙述了方法的原理和过程，并对用改进的Ｔａｋｅｄａ滞变模型描述的梁单元框架结构给出了具体的分析方法。这个方法与传统的方法不同，在分析中不必修正结构的刚度矩阵，而代之以计算代表塑性铰变形引起的应力重分布的动力自平衡力，因而大大地节省了计算机时，最后通过算例对本文方法进行了验证。     

Properties of wave velocity for two types of granitoids at high pressure and temperature and their geological meaning

The wave velocity for two types of granitoids was measured using the analytic method of full-wave vibration at high pressure and high temperature. The laws of velocity changes for them differ with the pressure boost and temperature rise, and the velocity change of S-type is more violent than that of I-type. The “softening point” of compressional wave velocity (V μ) is also revealed during the measurement for two types of granitoids imitating the pressure and temperature at a certain depth. But the depth of “softening”, V_p after “softening” and the percentage of V_p’s drop around the “sofrening point” for two types of granitoids are obviously different. The depth of “softening” is 15 km approximately and V_p after “softening” is 5.62 km/s for S-type granitoid. But for I-type granitoid the depth of “softening” is 26 km approximately and V_p after “softening” is 6. 08 km/s. Through careful analysis of rock slices after the experiment, it was found that the “softening” of elastic-wave velocity is caused by the partial melting of granite. Combined with the results of geophysical prospecting, these results suggest that the low-velocity layers developing in the interior of Earth crust are related to thc partial melting of different types of granitoids. The formation of the low-velocity layer in the upper-middle Earth crust is closely related to the development of S-type granitoid, but that in the lower Earth crust is closely related to the development of I-type granitoid.     

新疆钻孔应变异常特征及其与地震三要素关系研究

将新疆高精度钻孔应变仪１０年来观测到的应变异常划分为趋势异常、短期异常、临震异常三类，并对这三种异常的特征进行了分析总结．认为，地震三要素与应变异常参量关系密切，震级与异常量级、震中距有着确定性关系。     

中强地震前后能量分布的自仿射特性

根据简化的地震波传播理论,“漫化”地震能量在空间的分配,减弱能量空间分布概率的极端情形及消除统计域为“空”的情形,由此构造类似于二维ｆＢｍ的地震能量空间分布概率曲面。与起伏不平的地形相似,由于基在水平方向及垂直方向的变化不是等比例的,因而这一分形曲面可能是统计自仿射的。     

塔河油田于奇地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶作用研究

塔河油田北部于奇地区经多期构造运动,岩溶储层发育不均。从岩心观察、薄片鉴定、钻井和录井资料及测井、地震资料等方面进行分析解释,论述于奇地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩多期岩溶作用的存在依据和发育特征,总结同生、表生期大气水裸露风化壳型岩溶作用和侵蚀埋藏岩溶作用模式。结果表明:研究区西南部岩溶斜坡集中发育岩溶缝孔洞和洞穴,北部岩溶高地溶蚀作用不强,岩溶缝孔洞相对较少。于奇地区主要经历了加里东中晚期表生大气水岩溶作用、海西早期同生岩溶作用及海西期埋藏岩溶作用。     

纳米镍/铁去除氯代烃影响因素的探讨

氯代烃是地下水中最常检出的有机污染物之一,传统的处理方法去除率很低。近年来随着铁还原技术的发展,纳米铁和纳米双金属也成为一个活跃的研究领域。利用批实验的研究方法以四氯乙烯(PCE)和四氯化碳(CT)为目标污染物,研究纳米镍/铁在去除PCE过程中的影响因素。实验结果表明,在碱性条件下,纳米Ni/Fe对PCE脱氯速率比在酸性和中性条件下脱氯速率更快;纳米Ni/Fe对初始浓度为6·51mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率是对初始浓度为20·56mg/L的PCE溶液脱氯速率的1·8倍;对于氯代程度相同的CT和PCE,对CT的脱氯速率明显快于对PCE。     

水泥土搅拌桩桩身质量的电阻率分析

通过对某高速公路软基处理试验段水泥土搅拌桩芯样强度与电阻率指标的分析发现,水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量与其施工工艺密切相关;在特定的施工工艺条件下,水泥掺入比与搅拌均匀性是影响桩身质量的2个重要因素;在相同深度处,桩身水泥土芯样的竖向电阻率高于其水平向电阻率;桩身水泥土芯样的电阻率与其无侧限抗压强度之间存在着很好的线性相关关系;水泥体芯样水平向电阻率的标准差在一定程度上反映了水泥掺入量和搅拌均匀性。综上所述,利用水泥土的电阻率及其相关指标对大规模施工条件下水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量进行定量分析是一种经济、无损、简便和科学的方法。     

Impact of global warming on drought in China

Spatial and temporal change patterns of air temperature (T), precipitation (P), relative humidity (RH), lower vapor pressure (VP), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and drought situation of 690 meteorological stations for all of China were evaluated in this study to understand the effects of warming on regional drought and hydrological processes. Here, the drought extent is expressed by aridity index (AI), which is the ratio of precipitation and reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) calculated by FAO Penman-Monteith equation, taking into account air temperature, atmospheric humidity, solar radiation, and wind. Our results indicate that there are different patterns of climate change from 1961 to 2008 and from 1981 to 2008. Little precipitation change occurred in China and ET₀ decreased from 1961 to 2008. But, the warming trend has intensified and the area with significant increasing precipitation has reduced since the early 1980’s and ET₀ has increased in most areas of China from 1981 to 2008 and decreased from 1961 to 2008. The areas affected by drought have shifted from North China and Northeast China to East China and South China since 1981. It is speculated that the increasing warming intensity after 1981 possibly strengthened the power of potential evapotranspiration and resulted in drought in most areas of Northeast China, North China, eastern Southwest China, and especially in East China and South China.