高空探测资料气球漂移的计算方法

随着数值模式的不断发展，探空气球的漂移偏差越来越不可忽视。为了提高高空观测数据的质量，减小在探测过程中由于气球漂移造成探测资料在空间上的误差，中国气象局提出一套探空、测风报的空间、时间扩充编码方案。该文从探空雷达探测系统、探测原理分析出发，介绍了该方案计算方法，并用个例说明方案的使用方法及业务应用前景。     

北京最高和最低气温的非对称变化

运用１９４０年以来北京各个月历年逐日最高和最低气温以及年平均气温资料，研究其总变化趋势和年际变化，结果表明：１月份最低气温的线性增加率为４．０８℃／１００ａ；７月份最高气温以－０．２４５℃／１００ａ的递减率线性降低。其结果导致日较差减小。另外揭示了对研究全球增暖有重要意义的事实：１９４０年代增暖主要在白天，１９８０年代增暖主要在夜间。     

Early Precambrian tectono-thermal events: coupled U–Pb–Hf of detrital zircons from Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt,North China Craton

The Dashiqiao Formation on the Liaodong Peninsula constitutes an important component within the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt, North China Craton. It is composed dominantly of dolomitic marbles intercalated with minor carbonaceous slates and mica schists, hosting one of the largest magnesite deposits on Earth. This study presents zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U–Pb–Hf isotope data, as well as single-mineral geochemical data for the staurolite–garnet–mica schist from the Dashiqiao Formation, in order to constrain its protolith age and provenance, and further to discuss the early Precambrian tectono-thermal events of the North China Craton. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA–ICP–MS method on detrital zircons from the schist preserves at least three age populations ranging in age from 2.99 to 2.02 Ga, and grains as old as ca 4087 Ma. The dominant Neoarchean detrital zircons were most probably sourced from the basement within the Longgang and Nangrim blocks, while the minor Mesoarchean zircons were only sourced from the Longgang Block. The subordinate middle Paleoproterozoic zircons are consistent with ages of the regionally distributed coeval Liaoji granites and volcanics within the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a metamorphic age of 1930 Ma for the sample, interpreted to represent the peak stage of epidote amphibolite facies metamorphism. Thus, the depositional age for the protolith of the schist was proposed in the period between 2.01 and 1.93 Ga. LA–MC–ICP–MS Lu–Hf isotopic data show that all Archean (2.45–2.55) detrital zircons possess positive ε_Hf(t) values from +?0.7 to +?7.5 with juvenile depleted mantle model ages, suggesting a significant crustal growth event during the Neoarchean in the North China Craton. The Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons possess variable ε_Hf(t) values (??5.5–+?8.3) and depleted mantle model ages from Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic. The zircons with negative ε_Hf(t) values implies the Mesoarchean to Neoarchean crust undergoing a recycling event in the period 2.40–2.01 Ga, while those with positive ε_Hf(t) value suggest some indication of juvenile addition to the crust during the Paleoproterozoic. Using regional geological and new detrital zricon U–Pb–Hf isotopic data, the early Precambrian tectono-thermal events can be subdivided into the following episodes: Mesoarchean, late Neoarchean, middle Paleoproterozoic, and late Paleoproterozoic times.     

矿物纤维粉尘表面及体内外安全性评估研究

本项目探讨了天然纤维材料的表面化学活性—生物活性—生物持久性、生物毒性—环境安全性,试图寻求工业矿物、环境医学、材料价值的联合评估。研究工作对生物大分子静电配合物和阳离子配合物形成,对带电粉尘及其出溶阳离子的行为、粉尘及其衍生物与体液、细胞膜、胞内物质作用方式与细胞代谢有重要意义;也为粉尘毒性的可改造性及工业矿物纤维的安全处理提供了有效的途径;对阐明氨基酸蛋白质膜功能与结构,以及含有外露蛋白质的其它机体单元的粉尘溶解、反应、配合与破坏;粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留、溶解、运移方式、硅肺的治疗和…     

Determination of elemental affinities by density fractionation of bulk coal samples from the Chongqing coal district, Southwestern China

The occurrence and distribution of major and trace elements have been investigated in two coal-bearing units in the Chonqing mining district (South China): the Late Permian and Late Triassic coals.The Late Permian coals have higher S contents than the Late Triassic coals due to the fixation of pyrite in marine-influenced coal-forming environments. The occurrence of pyrite accounts for the association of a large number of elements (Fe, S, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) with sulphides, as deduced from the analysis of the density fractions. The marine influence is probably also responsible for the organic association of B. The REEs, Zr, Nb, and Hf, are enriched by a factor of 2–3 with respect to the highest levels fixed for the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal for these elements. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher by a factor of 5–10 with respect to the Late Triassic coal. Furthermore, other elements, such as Cu, P, Th, U, V, and Y, are relatively enriched with respect to the common range values, with maximum values higher than the usual range or close to the maximum levels in coal. The content of these elements in the Late Permian coal is higher than the Late Triassic coal. These geochemical enrichments are the consequence of the occurrence, in relatively high levels, of phosphate minerals, such as apatite, xenotime, and monazite, as deduced from the study of the density fractions obtained from the bulk coal.The Late Triassic coal has a low sulphur content with a major organic affinity. The trace element contents are low when compared with worldwide ranges for coal. In this coal, the trace element distribution is governed by clay minerals, carbonate minerals, and to a lesser extent, by organic matter and sulphide minerals.Major differences found between late Permian and Triassic coals are probably related to the source rocks, given that the main source rock of the late Permian epicontinental marine basin is the Emeishan basalt formation, characterised by a high phosphate content.     

近3000cal.aB.P.以来东海东北部环境异常及其与全新世ElNiño活动的可能联系

利用取自东海东北部、冲绳海槽西侧陆坡的重力柱状岩芯DOC082（29°13.93′N,128°08.53′E;水深1128m）,通过对碳酸钙、有机碳和蛋白石等生源组分含量的分析,结合浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫、放射虫和硅鞭藻等微体古生物化石丰度的变化以及底栖有孔虫属种组成特征,揭示了全新世东海东北部生物生产力的演变。研究结果显示,近10500cal.aB.P.以来生源组分含量和微体古生物化石丰度的演变趋势十分相似,明显分为3个阶段:约4000cal.aB.P.之前的早、中全新世明显偏低,大约在4000cal.aB.P.左右开始突然大幅度上升,而约3000cal.aB.P.以来的晚全新世以持续的高值为显著特征。生源组分含量、微体古生物化石丰度以及底栖有孔虫内生属种Uvigerina和Bulimina百分含量等指标的变化一致指示,东海东北部近10500cal.aB.P.以来古生产力演变的显著特征是早、中全新世明显偏低,约4000cal.aB.P.左右突然且大幅度上升,大约3000cal.aB.P.之后的晚全新世为生物生产力异常的高值期;同时有研究表明该区域的表层海水年平均温度（SST）也呈现了明显的三段式演变:早全新世10500～8400cal.aB.P.期间为持续的高值期、中全新世SST相对稳定、3100～500cal.aB.P.期间的晚全新世为显著的低SST时期[1]。近3000cal.aB.P.以来古生产力的异常高值和表层海水古温度的大幅度下降说明晚全新世区域海洋环境发生了明显的改变。据东海东北部现代生物生产力和表层海水温度的分布特征和控制机制、结合现代ElNio发生期间中国大陆气候和降水异常以及黑潮暖流变异的分析表明,近3000cal.aB.P.来东海东北部的环境异常可能是对晚全新世ElNio活动显著增强的反应。     

西藏雄村矿集区含矿斑岩成因及构造意义:来自年代学及地球化学的约束

雄村矿集区位于西藏冈底斯铜矿带南缘,是目前该带发现的唯一一个与新特提斯洋壳早期俯冲作用有关的斑岩型铜金矿集区。近年来,相继在该矿集区发现了1、2、3号矿体。为了全面厘定矿集区的岩浆作用与成矿的关系和深化对新特提斯洋壳早期俯冲作用相关的斑岩型矿床成矿作用的认识。本文在前期研究基础上,对雄村矿集区新发现的3号矿体含矿斑岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素地球化学分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,3号矿体含矿斑岩形成于早侏罗世(176. 9±1. 4Ma)。结合以往研究结果表明,雄村矿集区存在两期矿化作用,早期矿化事件发生在约172Ma,与早侏罗世(181～175Ma)石英闪长斑岩相关,形成了2、3号矿体;晚期成矿作用发生在161. 5Ma,与中侏罗世(167～161Ma)石英闪长斑岩相关,形成了1号矿体。雄村矿集区含矿岩体显示出高的εNd(t)( 4. 5)值类似于马里亚纳大洋岛弧岩浆岩,结合雄村矿集区侏罗纪砂岩的年代学及地球化学特征,表明含矿岩体形成于新特提斯洋壳北向俯冲相关的大洋岛弧环境而非陆缘弧环境。Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成表明含矿岩体起源于亏损地幔的部分熔融,且源区同时受到了俯冲洋壳释放的流体和俯冲沉积物熔体的交代。拉萨地体南缘具有强亏损Nd-Hf同位素组成(εHf(t) 10、εNd(t) 4. 5)的侏罗纪斑岩体有利于形成斑岩型铜金矿化,寻找与新特提斯洋壳俯冲相关的斑岩型矿床的重点区域应该是侏罗纪岩体被同期火山岩覆盖的区域。     

贵州六枝、水城煤田晚二叠世煤的微量元素特征

通过对六枝和水城煤田 10个煤矿主要可采煤层的 45个煤样品的常量和微量元素系统研究 ,概括了这两个煤田煤中常量和微量元素的丰度和分布特征 ;阐述了煤中微量元素的亲合性。这两个煤田煤中的全硫含量在受海水影响的煤层中较高 (最高达 7.5 % ) ,而在非海水影响的煤层中较低 ( 0 .3% )。六枝煤田的全硫含量明显高于水城煤田。Ca-Mn-Ge的平均含量在六枝煤田较低 ,而在水城煤田相对较高。在这两个煤田和不同的煤层之间 ,煤中微量元素含量的变化较小。与世界烟煤中一般含量范围相比 ,这两个煤田的特征是 Mn,V,Cu,L i,Zr,Nb,Ta,Hf,T1,Th和 U的含量相对高。     

Genetic Types, Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ore Deposits and Sources of Ore-forming Materials in the Xuancheng Area, Anhui Province

In recent years, several large and medium-sized ore deposits have been discovered in the shallow cover of Xuancheng, Anhui Province, indicating that this area has a productive metallogenic geological background and may be a potential prospecting region. Based on systematic investigation, the geological and mineralization characteristics of porphyry Cu-Au deposits and skarn Cu-Mo-W deposits in this region have been summarized. Zircon U-Pb dating (LA-ICP-MS) of the Chating quartz-diorite porphyry and the Kunshan biotite pyroxene diorite yield concordia ages of 145.5 ± 2.1 Ma and 131.8 ± 2.1 Ma, respectively. Meanwhile, the Re-Os dating analyses for molybdenite from the Shizishan and Magushan skarn Cu-Mo deposits yielded 133.81 ± 0.86 Ma and 143.8 ± 1.4 Ma ages, respectively. When viewed in conjunction with previous studies, it is suggested that twostage (the early stage of 145–135 Ma and the late stage of 134–125 Ma) magmatism may have occurred during the Mesozoic in Xuancheng region. Early stage intrusive rocks are distributed along both sides of the Jiangnan deep fault (JDF).The intrusive rocks to the north of the JDF are mainly quartz-diorite porphyry and granodiorite (porphyry) rocks, related to porphyry Cu-Au deposits and skarn-type Cu-Mo-W deposits. These deposits belong to the first stage of the porphyry-skarn copper gold metallogenic belt of the Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (MLYB), associated with the high potassium calc-alkaline intermediate-acid intrusions. The magmatic and ore-forming materials are mainly derived from the enriched lithospheric mantle. South of the JDF, the Magushan granodiorite is a representative intrusive rock of the first stage I-type granite, which hosts the Magushan Cu-Mo skarn deposit, similar to the W-Mo-Cu skarn deposits in the Eastern Segment of the Jiangnan Uplift Metallogenic Belt (ESJUB). The magmatic and metallogenic materials mainly came from the Neoproterozoic basement, with the possible participation of a small amount of mantle components. The late stage magmatism was dominated by volcanic rocks with a small amount of intrusive rocks, which were consistent with the limited volcanic-intrusive activities in the second stage of the MLYB. The H-O stable isotopes of ore deposits in the region indicate that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids of the porphyry and skarn deposits were mostly of magmatic water for the ore-forming stage, the percentage of meteoric water obviously increasing during the late ore-forming stage. The ore-forming materials of the deposits are mainly from the deep magma with a few sedimentary wall rocks, according to the stable carbon isotopes of the carbonates in the ore deposits. Additionally, according to previous research, the molybdenite from the MLYB has a higher Re content than that of the ESJUB. The higher content of Re in the molybdenite from the Shizishan deposit is identical to that of MLYB rather than ESJUB, whereas Re characteristics in molybdenite of Magushan deposit are similar to that of ESJUB. The differences in Re characteristics indicate the different deep processes and ore-forming material sources (mainly mantle composition for the former and crustal materials for the latter) of these ore deposits on opposite sides of the JDF.     

基于混合单元的三峡库区港口建设场地适宜性评价

长江是我国最大的内陆航运交通要道,三峡大坝建成后,三峡库区长约360 km的河道水位大幅抬升,原航道两岸港口码头均被淹没。在三峡库区现状岸线环境及水库水位动态调蓄条件下,开发拓展新的岸线港口码头的适宜建设区域,具有重要实际意义。基于混合评价单元,选取了地形地貌、区域稳定性、工程地质条件、交通区位条件和生态敏感性5大类因素共14个评价因子,采用改进的综合指数评价模型,对三峡库区宜昌至万州段干流岸线港口建设场地进行了适宜性评价研究。评价结果显示: (1)适宜区占13.81%,较适宜区占25.80%,较不适宜区占31.38%,不适宜区占29.01%; (2)北岸适宜区主要分布在夷陵区乐天溪镇和太平溪镇,云阳县双江镇和万州城区上、下游一带; 南岸适宜区主要分布在秭归县茅坪镇,奉节县城南岸和万州城区南岸上、下游一带。研究评价结果对今后长江宜昌至万州段干流岸线港口资源开发选址具有一定的科技指导意义。