China's role in attaining the global 2°C target

In the recent climate change negotiations it was declared that the increase in global temperature should be kept below 2°C by 2100, relative to pre-industrial levels. China's CO₂ emissions from energy and cement processes already account for nearly 24% of global emissions, a trend that is expected to keep increasing. Thus the role of China in global GHG mitigation is crucial. A scenario analysis of China's CO₂ emissions is presented here and the feasibility of China reaching a low-carbon scenario is discussed. The results suggest that recent and continued technological progress will make it possible for China to limit its CO₂ emissions and for these emissions to peak before 2025 and therefore that the global 2°C target can be achieved.

Policy relevance

In signing the Copenhagen Accord, China agreed to the global 2°C target. Results from this article could be used to justify low-carbon development policies and negotiations. While many still doubt the feasibility of a low-carbon pathway to support the global 2°C target, the results suggest that such a pathway can be realistically achieved. This conclusion should increase confidence and guide the policy framework further to make possible China's low-carbon development. Related policies and measures, such as renewable energy development, energy efficiency, economic structure optimization, technology innovation, low-carbon investment, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) development, should be further enhanced. Furthermore, China can play a larger role in the international negotiations process. In the global context, the 2°C target could be reaffirmed and a global regime on an emissions mitigation protocol could be framed with countries’ emissions target up to 2050.     

城市内涝监测技术的应用研究

根据城市内涝监测预警的需求,提出在城市河流的关键点,将高精度压力水位器与区域自动气象站组成内涝监测系统,并从系统架构、测量原理、参数设置、误差补偿等方面阐述设计方法.系统每分钟采集一组数据,水位测量精度达到0.1％.通过与国家标准水文站对比分析,该站水位与天文潮位涨落趋势一致,相位落后1h,观测误差平均为0.06 m.通过分析,得到结论,当茅洲河流域日平均面雨量大于40 mm,测站水位达到1.5m,并维持4h以上时,极易发生城市内涝.将水位监测与面雨量实况结合,对提高城市内涝预警预报能力有较大的帮助.     

Physicochemical and biological interfacial interactions: impacts on soil ecosystem and biodiversity

Soil is a vital biological habitat, which is of primary importance in determining and regulating biological activity and biodiversity. Therefore, it is Earth’s most important resource in sustaining both belowground and aboveground biological activities. Biodiversity versus landscape diversity and land use practices in multifunctional landscapes have been addressed. Humans have so manipulated nature that few locations in the world remain without human influence, causing unforeseen changes in ecosystem continuously and biodiversity. Among the environmental compartments, about 90 % of environmental pollutants are bound with soil particles. The soil-bound pollutants may be released to the soil solution through physical, chemical and biological interfacial interactions and pose a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. These interfacial interactions are especially important in the rhizosphere, where the kinds and concentrations of biomolecules are different from the bulk soil because of intense biological activity. These biomolecules affect biogeochemical processes, soil microbial ecology, nutrient and contaminant dynamics, abiotic and biotic factors, and soil biodiversity through allelopathic interactions. Soil interfacial interactions under different pedogenic processes and anthropogenic activity in relation to belowground biodiversity and the impact on aboveground biodiversity, productivity and integrity should be an important and exciting area of science for years to come.     

Evolution of an anticyclonic eddy southwest of Taiwan

Satellite images of sea-surface temperature, surface chlorophyll a concentration, and sea-level anomaly, together with ocean reanalysis data of Asia and Indian–Pacific Ocean (AIPOcean1.0), are utilized to study the three-dimensional characteristics and evolution of an anticyclonic warm eddy adjacent to the southwest coast of Taiwan during October and November 2006. Originated from the Kuroshio intrusion in the Luzon Strait, but unlike previously found westward moving anticyclonic eddies (AE) in the northeastern South China Sea, this AE was so close to the Taiwan coast and stayed where it was formed for over 1 month until it dissipated. Energy analysis is utilized to study the evolution process of the AE, and it shows that the barotropic instability (BTI) and baroclinic instability introduced by the Kuroshio intrusion flow appear to be the main energy sources for the AE. Periodical enhancement/relaxation of local northeasterly monsoon and its associated negative wind stress curl modify the current patterns in this region, reinforce the intraseasonal variability of the Kuroshio intrusion flow, and act together with Kuroshio to form the AE. Eddies detected from AIPOcean1.0 data also show that AEs are most likely to be generated southwest of Taiwan during the transition period of summer monsoon to winter monsoon, and generally, the BTI of Kuroshio intrusion contributes more than the direct wind stress work to the increase of the eddy kinetic energy for the generation and growth of the AEs.     

新疆准东煤田西山窑组巨厚煤层煤相特征及水进水退含煤旋回的判别

应用煤岩学、煤化学、煤地球化学理论以及多种煤相学的参数及其组合对新疆准东煤田五彩湾矿区ZKL805钻孔西山窑组巨厚煤层进行了煤岩煤质、煤相特征及成煤环境分析,并在巨厚煤层内部识别出了若干水进水退含煤小旋回。该巨厚煤层宏观煤岩类型以暗淡型煤为主,其次为半亮型煤及半暗型煤。煤层有机显微组分组总体以惰性组含量占优势,镜质组次之,壳质组含量极低。煤相类型主要为干燥森林沼泽,其次为潮湿森林沼泽。依据煤相参数的垂向演化,巨厚煤层内部识别出4个水进型、4个水退型及1个加积型含煤小旋回。巨厚煤层形成于覆水较浅、水体活动性较弱的稳定泥炭沼泽环境,垂向上由这些水退水进含煤小旋回叠加构成。     

大邑地区须二段物源及沉积相探讨

大邑地区须二段沉积时期物源体系较四川盆地其他地区简单,且川西南地区须家河组沉积厚度也较盆地其他地区薄。针对现有研究成果有关物源方向存在众多争议的现状,本文从区域沉积背景分析、须家河组野外露头岩性组合特征识别、钻井岩心精细描述、测井相分析、地震反射特征、岩石矿物成分变化等方面入手,认为:①大邑地区及周边区块物源主要来自于盆地西南方,物源区可能为康滇古陆及其周边的古隆起;②研究区须二段处于辫状三角洲前缘环境,有利的储集砂体类型为水下分流河道及河口坝;③受沉积物供应、构造升降运动、以及分流河道频繁迁移的影响,在构造西南翼主要发育水下分流河道,构造主体部位为水下分流河道与河口坝砂体叠置区;④纵向上,两种成因类型的砂体反复叠置,形成了须二段上部连续发育且厚度巨大的砂岩。通过对大邑地区须二段物源及沉积体系的研究,进一步深化了对气藏砂体展布的认识,对今后该区块进一步的勘探具有一定的参考作用。     

内蒙古扎赉特旗辉长岩-闪长岩地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

扎赉特旗地区发育的辉长岩-闪长岩属钙碱性岩石系列。岩石相对富集LREE、大离子亲石元素（K、Rb、Ba和Sr）及u,亏损高场强元素（Th、Ta、Nb和Ti）,类似于岛弧环境产物。推测其源区为岩石圈地幔,原生岩浆为幔源物质部分熔融产生,在上升过程中遭受微弱地壳混染。用LA-ICP-Ms同位素测定方法．测得其中变辉绿岩、角闪辉长岩和辉长闪长岩的锆石206Pb／238U年龄平均值分别为317．3Ma±1．1Ma（30个数据点）、328．1Ma±1．3Ma（29个数据点）、325．2Ma±0．9Ma（32个数据点）,为首次在扎赉特旗地区中基性岩体中获得较早的高精度岩体侵位年龄,指示扎赉特旗-带在早石炭世末期存在洋壳俯冲作用,为进一步研究二连浩特-贺根山碰撞拼合带东延至扎赉特旗-带的形成与演化提供了新的证据。     

综合物探在西湾铁多金属矿预查中的应用效果

处于长江中下游成矿带中段、庐枞盆地北缘、清水塘—岳山铁、铅锌找矿靶区的西湾铁多金属矿预查区地势低洼,水网密布,地表覆盖厚。为了解决在覆盖区找铁多金属矿的难题,采用地质与综合物探相结合的方法,通过对重、磁、电异常的分析,明确了找矿目标,确定了有利的找矿部位,通过钻探验证,在激电异常部位发现了铅锌矿,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

东北地区基础地质数据库维护与建设成果现状

东北地区基础地质数据库建设与维护是在中国地质调查局已建各类基础地质数据库（包含区域地质图空间数据库、矿产地数据库、工作程度数据库、地球化学数据库等）基础上做进一步维护建设,保证数据库现势性和稳定运行,创新数据管理方式和手段,提高数据管理和维护水平,对公益性地质数据进行综合、整理和二次开发,为地质调查信息化建设和数据资料社会化服务提供基础数据支撑.     

数字填图系统成果地质图空间数据库的特点与质量检查方法

空间数据库建库是数字调查成果数据的一个重要组成部分.通过对空间数据库的特点及检查方法的阐述,为建库提供了技术保障,保证了数据的精度,有效地提高了地质工作者对地质调查系统的应用能力和建库效率.