The IFFT-based SQM method against digital distortion in GNSS signals

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signal deformations could threaten the position accuracy and integrity of GNSS, especially for safety critical applications. Digital distortion is an important kind of deformations caused by failures inside the baseband generation unit onboard the GNSS satellites. Multi-correlator technique, as a prevalent signal quality monitoring (SQM) method, was developed to reliably detect the signal anomaly and therefore protect airborne users from this integrity threat. However, the conventional multi-correlator technique is unable to estimate the degree of distortion quantitatively, while another SQM method, the chip domain observable, has a poor real-time capability so that it could not meet the stringent time to alarm requirements. To solve the above problem, we derived the spectrum form of the conventional Threat Model A first and proposed a IFFT-based SQM algorithm. This new method can perform SQM easily by analyzing the impulses after PSD division and IFFT: Detect the presence of digital distortion by judging whether there is an impulse after IFFT and estimate the degree of distortion by computing the offset of the impulse. The results show that the IFFT-based method can not only detect digital distortion real-timely but also estimate the digital distortion degree quantitatively.     

城市体系规模结构研究的新方法——位序累积规模模型

利用位序累积规模模型与位序-规模法则定量分析2000~2014年中国城市体系规模结构的省际差异及其变化特征。结论如下：使用位序-规模法则进行区域城市体系规模结构对比与演变分析时会存在较大的不确定性,而位序累积规模模型更能准确刻画区域城市体系规模结构的特征;中国各省区\begin{array}{c}\beta \end{array}值排名靠前的多属于自然地理条件优越、社会经济比较发达的地区,其变化大致表现出增幅东大西小、增长率南高北低的特征;位序累积规模模型能较准确地反映出自然与社会经济条件对区域城市体系规模结构的影响,但随着社会经济的发展,自然地理和基础设施条件对城市体系规模分布的影响不再显著。     

Spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation in Shaanxi province under climate change

Extreme climate index is one of the useful tools to monitor and detect climate change. The primary objective of this study is to provide a more comprehensively the changes in extreme precipitation between the periods of 1954–1983 and 1984–2013 in Shaanxi province under climate change, which will hopefully provide a scientific understanding of the precipitation-related natural hazards such as flood and drought. Daily precipitation from 34 surface meteorological stations were used to calculated 13 extreme precipitation indices (EPIs) generated by the joint World Meteorological Organization Commission for Climatology (CCI)/World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) project on Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) expect Team on climate change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). Two periods including 1954–1983 and 1984–2013 were selected and five types of precipitation days (R10mm-R100mm) were defined, to provide more evidences of climate change impacts on the extreme precipitation events, and specially, to investigate the changes in different types of precipitation days. The EPIs were generated using RClimRex software, and the trends were analyzed using Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and Sen’s slope estimator. The relationships between the EPIs and the impacts of climate anomalies on typical EPIs were investigated using correlation and composite analysis. The mainly results include: 1) Thirteen EPIs, except consecutive dry day (CDD), were positive trends dominated for the period of 1984–2013, but the trends were not obvious for the period of 1954–1983. Most of the trends were not statistically significant at 5 % significance level. 2) The spatial distributions of stations that exhibited positive and negative trends were scattered. However, the stations that had negative trends mainly distributed in the north of Shaanxi province, and the stations that had positive trends mainly located in the south. 3) The percentage of stations that had positive trends had increased from the period of 1954–1983 to 1984–2013 for all the 13 EPIs except CDD, indicating the possible climate change impacts on extreme precipitation events. 4) The correlations between annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) and other 12 EPIs varied for different indices and stations. The composite analysis found that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerted greater impacts on PRCPTOT than other EPIs and greater in the Guanzhong Plain (GZP) than Qinling-Dabashan Mountains (QDM) and Shanbei Plateau (SBP) of Shaanxi province.     

具有结构-桩-土相互作用的海洋平台结构体系承载能力的概率分析

本文研究了桩在竖向荷载和横向荷载作用下承载能力的计算模型,给出了单桩承载能力的概率分析以及不同支承条件对海洋平台结构体系承载能力的影响;提出了具有结构－桩－土相互作用的海洋平台结构体系承载能力的概率特性和在极端荷载作用下海洋平台结构体系的可靠度计算方法。研究结果表明：对于桩支承海洋平台结构体系的承载能力,结构－桩－土相互作用的影响是不容忽视的,其偏差影响取决于土性的离散度。     

浅基坑运用土钉支护浅析

通过对浅基坑采用土钉支护方案的介绍,阐述了土钉支护设计的重点、土钉的工作机理、作用及施工体会。     

联合战役地形分析

首次提出联合战役地形分析的概念,并分析了联合战役地形分析应用的主要时机和要求。论述确定地形分析基本任务的逻辑关系,并分别研究了联合战役地形分析各基本内容的概念与分析方法。     

台湾海峡7.3级地震水震波特征研究

台湾海峡７．３级地震是９０年代地震活跃期在我国的一个标志地震。根据全国８１口一观测井水震波资料,对其水位振荡、水位阶变、记震距离等方面作了分析。研究结果表明,本次地震显示水位振荡快衰减也快以及水位阶变多、幅度大和不存在最佳记震距离等主要特征,水震小存着丰富的地球信息内涵,这对地震孕育、发生信息的提取有其意义。     

海洋围隔生态系中环境因子对长牡蛎的生态效应

本研究应用海洋围隔实验技术探索围隔生态系中环境因子对长牡蛎的生态效应。研究结果表明：牡蛎养殖密度与牡蛎体重增长呈负相关;养殖水体的Ｎ、Ｐ平均浓度分别达到２６．４和２．５μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３的水平时牡蛎生物较佳;服物浓度过高会导致牡蛎死     

Application of an optical nitrate profiler to high- and low-turbidity coastal shelf waters

Here, we report the results of high-resolution nitrate measurements using an optical nitrate profiler(in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer, ISUS) along transect across a high-turbidity shelf(East China Sea) and a lowturbidity shelf(Chukchi Sea). The ISUS-measured nitrate concentrations closely reproduced the results measured by conventional bottle methods in low-turbidity waters. However, for high-turbidity waters of the East China Sea(salinity<30), a correction factor of 1.19 was required t...     

浙江省梅汛期洪涝灾情分析和预测

通过所构设的雨涝强度、雨涝影响面积等统计量来估计灾情，有较高的正确率，能估计出极端情况，为灾害评估工作提供了新的思路。