黔中隆起西、南缘铝土矿成矿特征与远景预测

黔中铝土矿资源丰富,占贵州铝土矿资源的2/3以上.黔中隆起西、南缘的龙里-惠水-纳雍-带铝土矿成矿一直研究程度低,通过对龙里高坡场、纳雍董地含铝岩系研究,发现龙里铝土矿属于渴湖相沉积,部分铝土矿被第四纪风化形成坡积物产出;纳雍董地为冲积扇沉积铝土矿.根据区域成矿特征及古地理特征,认为黔中隆起西、南缘龙里-惠水-纳雍-带是铝土矿潜在的铝土矿远景区域.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部砂体发育特征

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部地区物源分析、沉积相特征等研究,分析了厚层砂体的形成机理和砂体类型。认为长6期物源主要来自东北、西南方向,发育三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、远端砂坝和浊流等砂体类型,湖盆演化从鼎盛转向萎缩的长6早期厚层砂体比较发育。白豹、合水地区砂层厚度大,储层条件良好,是石油勘探的有利地区。     

Garnet-bearing tonalitic porphyry from East Kunlun,Northeast Tibetan Plateau: implications for adakite and magmas from the MASH Zone

A garnet-bearing tonalitic porphyry from the Achiq Kol area, northeast Tibetan Plateau has been dated by SHRIMP U-Pb zircon techniques and gives a Late Triassic age of 213 ± 3 Ma. The porphyry contains phenocrysts of Ca-rich, Mn-poor garnet (CaO > 5 wt%; MnO < 3 wt%), Al-rich hornblende (Al₂O₃ ~ 15.9 wt%), plagioclase and quartz, and pressure estimates for hornblende enclosing the garnet phenocrysts yield values of 8–10 kbar, indicating a minimum pressure for the garnet. The rock has SiO₂ of 60–63 wt%, low MgO (<2.0 wt%), K₂O (<1.3 wt%), but high Al₂O₃ (>17 wt%) contents, and is metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (ACNK = 0.89–1.05). The rock samples are enriched in LILE and LREE but depleted in Nb and Ti, showing typical features of subduction-related magmas. The relatively high Sr/Y (~38) ratios and low HREE (Yb < 0.8 ppm) contents suggest that garnet is a residual phase, while suppressed crystallization of plagioclase and lack of negative Eu anomalies indicate a high water fugacity in the magma. Nd–Sr isotope compositions of the rock (εNd_T = −1.38 to −2.33; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7065–0.7067) suggest that both mantle- and crust-derived materials were involved in the petrogenesis, which is consistent with the reverse compositional zoning of plagioclase, interpreted to indicate magma mixing. Both garnet phenocrysts and their ilmenite inclusions contain low MgO contents which, in combination with the oxygen isotope composition of garnet separates (+6.23‰), suggests that these minerals formed in a lower crust-derived felsic melt probably in the MASH zone. Although the rock samples are similar to adakitic rocks in many aspects, their moderate Sr contents (<260 ppm) and La/Yb ratios (mostly 16–21) are significantly lower than those of adakitic rocks. Because of high partition coefficients for Sr and LREE, fractionation of apatite at an early stage in the evolution of the magma may have effectively decreased both Sr and LREE in the residual melt. It is suggested that extensive crystallization of apatite as an early phase may prevent some arc magmas from evolving into adakitic rocks even under high water fugacity.     

国内外生物礁油气勘探现状与我国南海生物礁油气勘探前景

世界生物礁油气资源非常丰富,随着生物礁油气勘探开发的不断深入,生物礁油气探明储量和产量不断增加,所占比重越来越大。南海是我国最大的边缘海,其特殊的构造背景、多种类型礁的发育和良好的生储盖组合等都决定了南海生物礁油气勘探的广阔前景。建议加快南海勘探开发的步伐,充分利用南海丰富的油气资源。     

上海地区第四承压含水层沉积环境及结构特征

上海地区第四承压含水层是地下水开发利用的主要层次,对其沉积环境、成因、结构特征进行深入研究有利于更好地开展地下水资源开发利用及地质环境保护工作.本文在对上海地区大量钻孔资料深入分析的基础上,对第四承压含水层形成时期即早更新世中、晚期沉积环境及含水层的成因进行了深入剖析,对含水层结构特征进行了详细刻画,为三维地质结构的建立奠定了基础.     

小型煤矿矿井涌水量预测方法探讨

矿坑涌水量的大小是反映一定充水条件下,矿坑充水程度的定量指标,该指标将做为矿山开采设计中制定防治水方案的依据.以河南省安阳县铜冶二矿为例,分别采用比拟法和解释法两种方法对该煤矿技术改造设计新井落底标高(-95 m)进行涌水量预测,对结果进行综合分析,参考该矿周边的生产情况,推荐矿设计新井落底水平(-95 m)矿井正常涌水量为60.22 m3/h,最大矿井涌水量为84.31 m3/h,并提出了建议.     

川西义敦古火山弧的火山建造

义敦古火山弧是松潘-甘孜造山带地质演化中极其重要的地质构造单元,本文对构成义敦古火山弧主体的海相火山建造进行了系统分析.按岩石地层单位的划分原则,重新厘定了火山地层的界线.这套火山建造主要由玄武岩、安山岩、流纹岩、粗面岩组成,并出现了特殊的钾玄岩组合.火山岩序列经历了由晚二叠世至早中三叠世初始裂谷的亚碱性岩系拉斑系列、碱性岩系钠质系列,到晚三叠世早期不成熟岛弧的亚碱性岩系拉斑系列、钙碱系列,再到晚三叠世晚期成熟岛弧的亚碱性岩系钙碱系列、碱性岩系钾质系列的演化过程.按照地层结构和火山喷发的自旋回单位,成熟岛弧期的火山建造可分为三个大旋回、四个大的韵律,并建立了火山岩地层模型.尝试利用层序地层学原理,把该套火山-沉积地层分为两个层序、五个准层序组,反映了海平面相对升降及沉积速率的变化.按变质矿物组合,该套火山地层的变质作用可分为三期:火山期后热液及成岩变质;区域动力变质;晚期热液及矿化热液蚀变.岩石地球化学分析表明,该火山建造总体属同源岩浆演化系列,母源有可能是石榴石或尖晶石二辉橄榄岩,并经历了早期熔融分离及围岩的长期交换.     

40Ar/39Ar dating of the Jiali and Gaoligong shear zones: Implications for crustal deformation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

We conducted a comprehensive ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological study of the Jiali and Gaoligong shear zones to obtain a better understanding of crustal deformation and tectonic evolution around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS). The new age data reveal that the main phase of deformation in the Jiali and Gaoligong shear zones occurred from 22 to 11 Ma and from 18 to 13 Ma, respectively. Structural data collected during this study indicate that the Jiali shear zone underwent a change in shear sense from sinistral to dextral during its movement history. Based on a comparison with the deformation histories of other major shear zones in the region, we argue that the initial sinistral motion recorded by the Jiali shear zone was coincident with that of the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone, which marked the northern boundary of the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block during the Early Miocene. From the Middle Miocene (～18 Ma), the Jiali shear zone changed to dextral displacement, becoming linked with the dextral Gaoligong shear zone that developed as a consequence of continued northward indentation of the Indian continent into Asia. Since this time, the Jiali and Gaoligong shear zones have been united, defining the southwestern boundary of the EHS during clockwise rotation of the eastward-extruding Tibetan block, as revealed by recent GPS data. The temporal change in regional deformation pattern from southeastward block extrusion to clockwise rotation of crustal fragments may have played an important role in the development of the eastern Himalayan drainage system around the EHS.     

Population landscape: a geometric approach to studying spatial patterns of the US urban hierarchy

We present a geometric and graphic approach to studying spatial patterns of urban hierarchy in the US. The multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram is found to be effective for visualizing theoretical regions delineated by socio‐economic variables. The population landscape of the continental US demonstrates overall and stepwise patterns reflecting population, neighborhood and distance, with overwhelming influence from huge metropolitan areas. Stepwise exploration and cluster analysis of the spatial pattern reveal an urban hierarchy. Attributes and arrangement are the two important factors of urban hierarchy, with attribute having a stronger local influence and arrangement having a stronger global influence. The study also presents a variation of Zipf's law to visualize the rank‐size distribution from tabular and statistical space to map space.