Iodothyronine deiodinase gene analysis of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reveals possible conservation of thyroid hormone feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks

Iodothyronine deiodinase catalyzes the initiation and termination of thyroid hormones(THs) effects, and plays a central role in the regulation of thyroid hormone level in vertebrates. In non-chordate invertebrates, only one deiodinase has been identified in the scallop C hlamys farreri. Here, two deiodinases were cloned in the Pacific oyster C rassostrea gigas( Cg Dx and C g Dy). The characteristic in-frame TGA codons and selenocysteine insertion sequence elements in the oyster deiodinase c DNAs supported the activity of them. Furthermore, seven orthologs of deiodinases were found by a tblastn search in the mollusk Lottia gigantea and the annelid C apitella teleta. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deiodinase gene originated from an common ancestor and a clade-specific gene duplication occurred independently during the differentiation of the mollusk, annelid, and vertebrate lineages. The distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns implied functional divergence of the two deiodinases. The expression of C g Dx and Cg Dy was influenced by L-thyroxine T4, and putative thyroid hormone responsive elements were found in their promoters, which suggested that the oyster deiodinases were feedback regulated by TH. Epinephrine stimulated the expression level of C g Dx and Cg Dy, suggesting an interaction effect between different hormones. This study provides the first evidence for the existence of a conserved TH feedback regulation mechanism in mollusks, providing insights into TH evolution.     

Data processing and preliminary results of the Chang'e-3 VIS/NIR Imaging Spectrometer in-situ analysis

The Chang'e-3 Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer(VNIS) is one of the four payloads on the Yutu rover. After traversing the landing site during the first two lunar days, four different areas are detected, and Level 2A and 2B radiance data have been released to the scientific community. The released data have been processed by dark current subtraction, correction for the effect of temperature,radiometric calibration and geometric calibration. We emphasize approaches for reflectance analysis and mineral identification for in-situ analysis with VNIS. Then the preliminary spectral and mineralogical results from the landing site are derived. After comparing spectral data from VNIS with data collected by the M3 instrument and samples of mare that were returned from the Apollo program, all the reflectance data have been found to have similar absorption features near 1000 nm except lunar sample71061. In addition, there is also a weak absorption feature between 1750～2400 nm on VNIS, but the slopes of VNIS and M3 reflectance at longer wavelengths are lower than data taken from samples of lunar mare. Spectral parameters such as Band Centers and Integrated Band Depth Ratios are used to analyze mineralogical features. The results show that detection points E and N205 are mixtures of high-Ca pyroxene and olivine,and the composition of olivineat point N205 is higher than that at point E, but the compositions of detection points S3 and N203 are mainly olivine-rich. Since there are no obvious absorption features near 1250 nm, plagioclase is not directly identified at the landing site.     

基于MOD16的呼伦贝尔蒸散量变化分析

利用2001—2014年MOD16数据和气象站点资料,分析呼伦贝尔市ET、PET的时空变化特征。研究表明,呼伦贝尔市的年平均ET为310.0 mm,呈林区农区牧区分布,年平均倾向率为15.3 mm/10 a。年平均PET为1 096.0 mm,呈农区、牧区两侧向林区递减分布,年平均倾向率为-20.7 mm/10 a。牧区西部ET显著增加(P0.05)、PET显著减小(P0.05),其他地区ET、PET变化不显著。ET与PET之差在5—6月最高,该时段为呼伦贝尔市缺水最为严重的月份。结合气象因子分析,全年的PET均会受到气温的影响,而只有冬季的ET会受到气温影响,植被生长季里ET和PET都会受到相对湿度和降水的影响,生长季的日照长度也会对PET产生影响,但10 m风速与ET和PET的相关性较差。     

Development of land use transitions research in China

With the introduction of the concept of land use transition into China, related researches have been carried out extensively in the past two decades, which enrich the knowledge of land system science. This paper describes the development of research on land use transitions in China from the perspectives of conceptual connotations, theoretical model, research methods, and research progress and prospects. With the in-depth investigation of land use transitions, the concept and connotations of land use morphology are developed and encapsulated as two kinds, i.e., dominant morphology and recessive morphology. The dominant morphology refers to the land use structure of a certain region over a certain period of time, with features such as the quantity and spatial pattern of land use types. While the recessive morphology includes the land use features in the aspects of quality, property rights, management mode, input, output and function. Accordingly, the concept of land use transition is further developed, and the theoretical model of regional land use transitions is established. Thereafter, three innovative integrated approaches to study land use transitions are put forward, i.e., multidisciplinary research framework for recessive land use transition, transect and horizontal comparison. To date, there have been 62 Ph.D. and 166 M.S. dissertations on the topic of "land use transition" in China. During 2002–2019, the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 48 research programs on the theme of "land use transition". As such, the Chinese scholars have adapted the concept derived from western literature to the situations and experiences in China.     

天山地区地震学中短期预报方法研究及效能评价

利用多种地震活动性方法，对南北天山地区较大地震前的地震学中短期前特征进行了系统分析，并从地震活动的空间分布及时序特征两方面，提出了６个研究子区的前异常判定指标，在对种种上地震学方法的效能进行Ｒ值评分的同时，还对它们之间的盯关性进行了讨论。     

Automatic Detection and Classification of Coronal Mass Ejections

We present an automatic algorithm to detect, characterize, and classify coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 and C3 images. The algorithm includes three steps: (1) production running difference images of LASCO C2 and C3; (2) characterization of properties of CMEs such as intensity, height, angular width of span, and speed, and (3) classification of strong, median, and weak CMEs on the basis of CME characterization. In this work, image enhancement, segmentation, and morphological methods are used to detect and characterize CME regions. In addition, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are incorporated with the CME properties to distinguish strong CMEs from other weak CMEs. The real-time CME detection and classification results are recorded in a database to be available to the public. Comparing the two available CME catalogs, SOHO/LASCO and CACTus CME catalogs, we have achieved accurate and fast detection of strong CMEs and most of weak CMEs.     

Paleoproterozoic Extensional Structure and Its Controlling on Mineralization in the East of Liaoning Province

The palaeoproterozoic extensional structure in the east of Liaoning Province underwent sub - bedding ductile shear flowing deformation with metamorphism and magmatic emplacement. The reversal structure following the processes constructed the present framework of palaeoproterozoic orogenic belt. As a result of the ductile shearing along the layers, the gold in the Liaohe group was activated, migrated upward to the interface between the Dashiqiao rock formation, which was lower green schist facies and the Gaixian rock formation, so the gold deposit was formed in the space of brittle - ductile shear zone as ductile - shear - zone - typed stratabound gold deposit.     

植物叶硒的时空变异规律研究

本文以加杨叶为主,首次研究了植物叶硒的时空变异规律。得出脱落前夕不久的九、十月份加杨叶能较好地反映大气硒含量水平,而其它生长期的加杨叶则一般主要反映土壤硒的含量状况。此外,还研究得到了一些其它植物老叶硒与环境的关系。     

Evidence of Evolution in the Dense Cores in Massive Star Forming Regions

The excitation of H2O masers usually needs very high density gas, hence it can serve as a marker of dense gas in HII region. We selected a sample of H2O maser sources from Plume et al. (four with, and four without detected CS(J = 7-6) emission), and observed them in 13CO(J=1-0) and C18O (J=1-0). C18O (J=1-0) emission was detected only in three of the sources with detected CS(J=7-6) emission. An analysis combined with some data in the literature suggests that these dense cores may be located at different evolutionary stages. Multi-line observation study may provide us clues on the evolution of massive star forming regions and the massive stars themselves.