论环渤海地区资源结构与产业结构特点

环渤海地区是一个资源型产业聚集区,其产业结构的形成与特点同资源结构间有着密切的联系.本区资源结构特点可以概括为光、热、水、土资源组合较好,矿产资源丰富且矿种配套较佳、钢铁和化工工业生产条件理想,水资源不足、水土和水矿结构不尽理想.在资源结构基础上形成了本区产业结构中第一产业基础较好,第二产业强大、采掘和原材料工业突出,第三产业相对比较落后的特点.这些特点是环渤海地区今后产业结构升级转换的主要影响因素.     

水资源可持续性的参数敏感性分析

通过界定敏感性参数的含义,认为参数的敏感性是系统对某一指参数的变化的敏感程度,以此为依据建立M-YAS模型分析参数的敏感性。以佛山市为例选取37 项影响水资源可持续的参数,分析水资源可持续性的参数敏感性问题,结果表明：37项反映水资源可持续性的参数中,仅13 项参数（生活用水定额、林牧渔畜用水量、工业用水定额、农田灌溉用水量、工业用水量、耕地灌溉定额、万元工业增加值用水量、火电冷却用水量、城乡生活用水量、工业节水、万元生产总值用水量、生活节水和农业节水）对于水资源可持续性的目标层而言是敏感性参数,且13项参数均来自用水结构与效率的准则层,说明区域水资源可持续性的目标层对用水结构与效率的准则层较为敏感。     

地震数据采集系统的绕接与蛇形排列技术

在Sercel 400系列地震数据采集系统中,采集链上的采集单元结构化和数据传输网络化,使复杂地形地物条件下的地震数据采集排列方式灵活便捷,变化多样.FDU、LAUX等采集单元中Marker与Detour的属性设置,是实现排列形式多样化主要控制选项.在野外实践中,根据测区内障碍物对观测系统影响的差异,提出了4种典型的排列单元联接方法如交叉线绕接法、跳接法、无电缆连接法及蛇形排列法,并对不同联接方法的参数设置进行了说明.在山东东山王楼煤矿二、三采区三维地震数据采集工程中,受村庄街道的影响,导致东西方向正常束线布设困难,利用南北向布设的便利及蛇形联接方法,对桩号重新编号,并在后期处理中对CDP面元进行再分配,实现与正常三维束线CDP网格的统一.处理后的地震时间剖面较其它布设方式,数据采集质量良好,村庄的影响几乎达到可以忽略的效果.     

区域产业集聚度演变及对承接产业转移的启示——以河南省为例

产业集聚度的演变可以判断区域产业的发展水平和发展趋势。回顾了衡量产业集聚度的传统模型首位度指数、赫芬达尔指数、区位熵、空间基尼系数等计算方法及其不足。EG指数将空间基尼系数与赫芬达尔指数结合起来,弥补了空间基尼系数与赫芬达尔指数的缺陷,避免了因为某一个或几个企业规模过大而造成的误差。运用EG指数模型对河南省2003—2011年农林牧渔业、采矿业、制造业、能源业、建筑业、交通运输业、信息产业、金融业、房地产业九大行业的集聚度进行了测量。产业集聚度的高低与产业性质密切相关,2003—2011年各产业集聚度升降规律性明显,产业发展尚处于低水平。通过论证高产业集聚度有利于提升产业竞争力和承接产业转移,提出建议:(1)规划产业承接项目,促进经济转型升级;(2)突出产业发展重点,提高产业集聚度;(3)优化产业转移环境,引导产业集中布局;(4)培育优质产业集聚区,提高产业集聚区交通通达度。     

A hypothesis for the seismogenesis of a double seismic zone

The seismogenesis of a double seismic zone, in particular the lower layer of a double seismic zone, has not been adequately explained in the literature. On the basis of seismic data and geothermal structures along three well-studied cross-sections in the Kuril-Kamchatka and Japan subduction zones, we investigate the temperature/pressure conditions associated with seismogenic structures of the double seismic zones. the corresponding T/P loci seem to suggest that earthquakes observed in the lower layer and in the lower part (below approximately 130 ± 20 km) of the top layer of a double seismic zone were caused by metastable phase transition-a mechanism similar to that responsible for deep-focus earthquakes only at lower temperature/pressure conditions. Under this hypothesis, the wedge-shaped configuration of a double seismic zone is interpreted to represent the loci of the kinetic boundary of the phase transition. According to theoretical/experimental studies and the constraints imposed by our observations, a likely candidate for such a phase transition is the metastable Al-rich enstatite decomposing into the assemblage of Al-poor enstatite plus garnet. Earthquakes in the upper part of the top layer were most probably due to conventional mechanisms such as dehydration of subducted materials and/or facies change from basalt to eclogite. That the top layer involves more than one seismogenic mechanism is also implied by the distinct behaviour of seismicity in the vicinity of 130 ± 20 km. Because the presence of deviatoric stress is critical to the reaction rate of a metastable phase transition, it is inferred that single seismic zones are also caused by the same mechanisms, except that the implicit layer of a supposed double seismic zone is missing, due to the insufficient amount of appropriate metastable minerals or to the lack of appropriate deviatoric stresses in the source region.     

岩石Kaiser效应测地应力原理中的若干问题研究

该文通过对几种不同类型岩石的实验研究，提出了关于在围压条件下影响岩石Kaiser效应的若干问题，分析了它们的声发射特征，为深部地应力测量提供了一种新的解决方法。     

基于GIS的工程勘察成果一体化管理

提出以数据库与GIS技术为支撑的工程勘察成果管理方式,将数据库对海量数据高效管理的优势与GIS对空间数据的强大处理能力结合起来,完成对勘察数据、报告、图表、图像等成果信息的集成管理,不仅满足成果一体化管理的要求,提高成果数据的利用效率,而且为勘察信息的数据挖掘与知识发现、专家库建立等高级应用提供基础.以实际系统建设为例,介绍了一体化信息管理系统的架构模式、实施方案及系统功能.     

Assessment of effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large sample comparison method

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment, the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant, whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan. With the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert. (3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of the nature reserves, the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige and Selincuo (Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively significant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves, whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow, but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe. This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change. Careful design of the samples used, to ensure comparability between the samples, is crucial to the success of this LSCM.     

Experiment study on RC frame retrofitted by the external structure

A new retrofitting method is proposed herein for reinforced concrete (RC) structures through attachment of an external structure. The external structure consists of a fiber concrete encased steel frame, connection slab and transverse beams. The external structure is connected to the existing structure through a connection slab and transverse beams. Pseudostatic experiments were carried out on one unretrofitted specimen and three retrofitted frame specimens. The characteristics, including failure mode, crack pattern, hysteresis loops behavior, relationship of strain and displacement of the concrete slab, are demonstrated. The results show that the load carrying capacity is obviously increased, and the extension length of the slab and the number of columns within the external frame are important influence factors on the working performance of the existing structure. In addition, the displacement difference between the existing structure and the outer structure was caused mainly by three factors: shear deformation of the slab, extraction of transverse beams, and drift of the conjunction part between the slab and the existing frame. Furthermore, the total deformation determined by the first two factors accounted for approximately 80% of the damage, therefore these factors should be carefully considered in engineering practice to enhance the effects of this new retrofitting method.