Sorption and desorption behavior of lead on a Chinese kaolin

The sorption and desorption of Pb on kaolin from Suzhou, China were investigated. The sorption experiment was conducted in a 0.01 M NaNO₃ aqueous solution with respect to the effects of initial Pb concentration, pH, solid/solution ratio, and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich models well described equilibrium isotherms of Pb sorption. Less than 5% of Pb sorbed was desorbed with 0.01 M NaNO₃ extraction, suggesting a dominant specific sorption of Pb. As the initial pH increased, the sorption of Pb on the kaolin increased. More than 60% of Pb was sorbed at pH 2.69 far below the point of zero net charge of the kaolin at 4.2, indicating a mechanism of Pb inner-sphere complex or by chemisorption. Lead sorption decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a process of exothermic sorption.     

Application of a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method on a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea area

In recent years, oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China. Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation. In this paper, a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples. The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane, n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test. It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory. They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil. The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character. The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation, but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.     

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

Morphology and life history of a brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) were investigated from 2005 to 2009 in the coastal waters of Dalian, China. The erect thalli collected in the field were tubular, hollow, and commonly constricted at intervals. Ascocysts were presented. Plurilocular gametangia, which were positioned in continuous sori on the erect thallus surface, produced biflagellar gametes. Gametophytes were dioecious and gametes were nearly isogamous. Gametes fusion occurred in three types. Type one, female and male gametes fused directly while swimming; type two, female gamete settled first, with which a male one contacted and fused rapidly; type three, while settling adjacently, a male gamete’s entire protoplast moved slowly into the previously settled female one, with only an empty cell membrane left. In culture zygotes developed into crustose sporophytes that formed unilocular sporangia. Biflagellar zoospores developed into erect thalli that formed plurilocular gametangia. The results indicated that a periodical heteromorphic alternation history with haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation exists in S. lomentaria of the Dalian populations.     

Data preprocessing and preliminary results of the Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope on the CE-3 lander

The Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope(MUVT) is one of the payloads on the Chang'e-3(CE-3) lunar lander. Because of the advantages of having no atmospheric disturbances and the slow rotation of the Moon, we can make long-term continuous observations of a series of important celestial objects in the near ultraviolet band(245～340 nm), and perform a sky survey of selected areas, which cannot be completed on Earth. We can find characteristic changes in celestial brightness with time by analyzing image data from the MUVT, and deduce the radiation mechanism and physical properties of these celestial objects after comparing with a physical model. In order to explain the scientific purposes of MUVT, this article analyzes the preprocessing of MUVT image data and makes a preliminary evaluation of data quality. The results demonstrate that the methods used for data collection and preprocessing are effective, and the Level 2A and 2B image data satisfy the requirements of follow-up scientific researches.     

江西省避暑资源评估分析

利用1989—2018年江西省气象观测资料,分析了江西盛夏高温气候时空变化特征,绘制了避暑区划图,对避暑资源进行了研究评价.结果表明:2003年江西省高温天气出现了一个跳跃性的增长,1989—2002年高温日数平均为9.7 d,2013—2018年高温日数平均为22.1 d,增长了12.4 d.抚州市和上饶市分别有一个高温天气易发中心,鄱阳湖区和赣南南部山区则是高温天气的低发区;周边环山地区盛夏平均气温均在28℃以下,其覆盖面积约占江西省总面积的28.1％;盛夏平均最高气温在31℃以下的地区占全省面积的7.8％.高温日平均气温29℃以下的占全省面积的23.1％,高温日平均最高气温33℃以下的占全省面积的4.3％;江西省适宜避暑的地区占全省面积的15.2％,其中非常适宜避暑的地区占3.7％.赣州是江西省避暑资源最丰富的设区市,其次是靠近罗霄山脉的吉安和萍乡,以及靠近武夷山脉的上饶和抚州,九江庐山、南昌梅岭、宜春九岭山脉等处也是避暑资源丰富区.     

海尔—波普彗星1996年春观测

1996年2月底至3月初，海尔-波普彗星在清晨前重新出现，地平高度较低．本文使用云南天文台1米望远镜加新研制的1024×1024CCD照像机，对该彗星进行了照像观测，精密测定了其位置及光度．结果表明，即使与最新的预报比较起来，仍旧存在着明显的系统偏差．因此，海尔一波普彗星的轨道根数仍需修正．其亮度也比最新的预报稍亮．     

DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAIN CROP GERMPLASM RESOURCES IN CHINA

Cropgermplasmresourcesaretheindispensablematerialbaseforcropbreedingandagriculturalproduction.Theresearchondistributionofcropgermplasmr~urcesisofgreatimportanceinstudyingonorigin,evolutionandclassificationofcrops,expeditingandcollectinggermplasm,ascertainingofcentersofdiversity,protectinggermplasmr~urcesandmakingagriculturalproductiondivision.Since1949,researchesofexploration,collection,preservation,cha-racterizationandevaluationofcropgermplasmresourceshavebeendoneinChina.Atpresent,thenational…     

Coronal oscillations as revealed by solar hard X-ray bursts

During the 21st solar activity cycle the HXRBS aboard SMM satellite and the HXM on HINOTORI spacecraft detected several thousand hard X-ray solar flares. Studies of the temporal properties of these events had revealed hundreds of examples of fast spikes with durations of less than 1 sec. We analysed part of these observations and found that they have four common characteristics. Among these characteristics, quasi-periodic oscillations led us to believe the possibility of oscillations existing in the corona. We have studied the characteristics of the oscillations and derived their periods. The conditions of trapping the oscillations are also discussed.     

日冕物质抛射和太阳表面磁活动的关系

综述了近年来日冕物质抛射与耀斑、日珥、冕流和日冕暗化相关关系的研究进展，指出了这些相关关系上的一些不确定因素。同时，介绍了我们所做的部分工作，探讨了不同尺度磁活动之间的物理联系，并提出今后需要进一步解决的问题。