利用海水平均声速进行海洋分布式垂直缆姿态校正

垂直缆地震采集方法能够获得高信噪比、宽频带、宽方位角的地下结构的反射资料,进而实现目标区域的高精度成像。垂直缆姿态的准确获得是高质量地震资料解编的必要前提。利用初至采样点差值与震源激发采样点差值的相关匹配方法,得到共检波点道集。依据超短基线测得的位置参数,得到垂直缆的初始姿态模型,结合海水平均声速的估算值,校正垂直缆的姿态以及确定倾斜角度范围,为垂直缆地震数据的后续处理工作提供支持。     

p-y曲线对成层土体中大直径单桩的适用性研究

API规范推荐的p-y曲线是由均质土体得到的,并未考虑土层间相互作用,Georgiadis基于柔性桩提出了等效深度法修正p-y曲线,把均质土p-y曲线延伸到了成层土体中。为了研究p-y曲线和等效深度法对于大直径单桩在成层土体中的适用性,取4种典型地质条件:成层砂土、砂土-黏土-砂土、成层黏土和黏土-砂土-黏土,通过L-PILE软件计算了6 m直径单桩基础的p-y曲线、桩顶水平荷载-位移曲线、桩身位移和弯矩。并与ABAQUS建立的单桩基础三维有限元模型计算结果进行比较。结果表明等效深度法对于成层砂土影响不大;对于成层黏土影响较大;对于中间为软弱土层的成层土体,在荷载较大时影响显著,等效深度法计算结果更加接近FEM结果。在成层土体中,p-y曲线应用于大直径单桩对于砂土高估了初始刚度,低估了极限抗力;对于黏土则低估了初始刚度和极限抗力。     

粉质土海底边界层动态演化过程波浪水槽实验

The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction.     

Instantaneous Shorelines as an Intermediate for Island Shoreline Mapping based on Aerial/Satellite Stereo Images

Island shoreline mapping based on field measurements by collecting visually discernible features is costly and even unrealistic to be implemented in practice because of the nonuniqueness, fuzziness, and ambiguity of shoreline features. The MHHW (the mean higher high water) shoreline, i.e., the intersection of the coastal profile with the MHHW, is recommended to be chosen as a significant shoreline indicator of an island. An approach for mapping the MHHW shoreline using the aerial/satellite stereo images is proposed. In the proposed procedure, first, the height difference between the instantaneous shoreline and the MHHW shoreline is calculated by the ocean tide model; then the orthometric/normal height of the instantaneous shoreline is determined from the stereo images; last, the instantaneous shoreline is used as an intermediate for determination of the height of the MHHW shoreline. The proposed procedure is applied to the MiaoZiHu Island located in the East China Sea. Preliminary experimental result shows that in ideal cases, the horizontal positional accuracy of the extracted shoreline can reach 0.2 m from aerial images of 0.1 m resolution.     

Global Statistical Assessment and Cross-Calibration with Jason-2 for Reprocessed HY-2 A Altimeter Data

HY-2 A (Haiyang-2 A) satellite was launched on August 16, 2011 and radar altimeter is one of its main payloads. We reprocessed two years of HY-2 A altimeter sensor geophysical dataset records (SGDR) data. This paper presents the main results in terms of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data quality: verification of data availability and validity, monitoring several relevant altimeter parameters, and assessment of the HY-2 A altimeter system performances. A cross-calibration analysis of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data with Jason-2 was conducted. The reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data show good quality and have a low level of noise with respect to Jason-2. The same geophysical correction methods were used to calculate the sea surface height (SSH) for the two missions. The mean standard deviations of the crossover differences for HY-2 A and Jason-2 are 5.24 cm and 5.34 cm, respectively. The mean standard deviation of the crossover differences between HY-2 A and Jason-2 is 5.37 cm. These show that HY-2 A can provide SSH measurements at almost the same level of accuracy as Jason-2. The relative SSH bias between HY-2 A and Jason-2 due to the Ultra Stable Oscillator (USO) drift is obviously observed, and it can affect the calculation of mean sea level and should be further studied and corrected.     

底栖有孔虫(Florilus decors)壳体微量元素/钙比值的LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析方法及应用——以长江口外海域为例

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道。本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法。应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品（Florilus decors）进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关。     

浙江朱家尖岛东沙海滩对热带风暴“娜基莉”的响应及风暴后的恢复

海滩对风暴的响应及风暴后海滩的恢复过程一直以来都是国内外海滩研究的热点。本文通过对浙江舟山市朱家尖岛东沙海滩地形地貌的现场调查,对比分析了热带风暴"娜基莉"影响下东沙海滩剖面的蚀积变化,探讨了海滩在热带风暴发生后的恢复情况。结果表明,在"娜基莉"影响期间,因风暴浪为向岸浪,东沙海滩几乎遭受全线侵蚀,12个剖面单宽侵蚀总量为73.46 m3/m,其中海滩直线段较两个遮蔽段侵蚀显著。由于海滩在风暴前进方向的左侧,且"娜基莉"距东沙较远,使得东沙海滩普遍侵蚀但强度较小。东沙海滩在热带风暴后的恢复过程中,不同部位的地貌调整和冲淤变化不同,下岬角遮蔽段基本趋于稳定,直线段和上岬角遮蔽段在恢复过程中因受海滩季节性调整的影响呈现持续侵蚀。     

An algorithm to resolve γ-rays from charged cosmic rays with DAMPE

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),also known as Wukong in China,which was launched on 2015 December 17,is a new high energy cosmic ray and γ-ray satellite-borne observatory.One of the main scientific goals of DAMPE is to observe Ge V-Te V high energy γ-rays with accurate energy,angular and time resolution,to indirectly search for dark matter particles and for the study of high energy astrophysics. Due to the comparatively higher fluxes of charged cosmic rays with respect to γ-rays,it is challenging to identify γ-rays with sufficiently high efficiency,minimizing the amount of charged cosmic ray contamination. In this work we present a method to identify γ-rays in DAMPE data based on Monte Carlo simulations,using the powerful electromagnetic/hadronic shower discrimination provided by the calorimeter and the veto detection of charged particles provided by the plastic scintillation detector. Monte Carlo simulations show that after this selection the number of electrons and protons that contaminate the selected γ-ray events at～10 Ge V amounts to less than 1% of the selected sample.Finally,we use flight data to verify the effectiveness of the method by highlighting known γ-ray sources in the sky and by reconstructing preliminary light curves of the Geminga pulsar.     

地理国情监测水面数据时空一致性优化方法

地理国情监测利用遥感、地理信息等技术,动态获取地表覆盖等多样化的地理要素,经统计、分析、评价和应用,服务于政治、经济、文化、资源、环境等多个领域,为政府提供全面、准确、基础的地理信息情报。针对地理国情监测在全国范围基于多时相遥感影像采集水面信息存在时空不一致性的现状,提出一种基于精细DEM的水面数据时空一致性优化方法。利用栅格图形区域生长算法,采用8邻域算子,对水面种子点进行迭代生长计算,得出基于精细DEM的区域生长结果;通过与地理国情监测水面数据对比分析,实现空间化结果的修正,从而达到时空一致性优化的目的。分析了典型研究区水面数据特征,利用该方法进行了优化处理,结果显示：研究区水面数据空间范围相对于时点监测修正了7.99%,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求。研究表明：该方法的应用,能够使得在全国尺度上统计的水面数据反映同一季节或可接受时段内的状况,避免或缩小了由于影像数据源的差异造成的时间和空间上的不一致性带来的误差,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求,能够在地理国情监测等地表覆盖水面信息提取、优化中推广应用,为政府有效决策提供客观、准确和基础的水面信息。     

Research on the Application of Fast-steering Mirror in Stellar Interferometers

In stellar interferometers, the fast-steering mirror (FSM) is widely utilized to correct the wavefront tilt caused by the atmospheric turbulence and internal instrumental vibration, because of its high resolution and fast response frequency. In this study, the non-coplanar error between the FSM and the actuator deflection axis introduced by the manufacturing, assembly, and adjustment is analyzed systematically. Via a numerical method, the additional optical path difference (OPD) caused by the above factors is studied, and its effect on the fringe tracking accuracy of a stellar interferometer is also discussed. On the other hand, the starlight parallelism between the beams of two arms is one of the main factors for the loss of fringe visibility. By analyzing the influence of wavefront tilt caused by the atmospheric turbulence on fringe visibility, a simple and efficient real-time correction scheme of starlight parallelism is proposed based on a single array detector. The feasibility of this scheme is demonstrated by a laboratory experiment. The results show that after the correction of fast-steering mirror, the starlight parallelism meets preliminarily the requirement of a stellar interferometer on the wavefront tilt.